Name: Date:

Grade 12: Parent’s Signature:

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Identifying the Problem and Asking the Question

Activity 1. What I Know. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the best answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The part of your study that will provide context to the information discussed throughout
the research process.
a. Background of the Study c. Operational Definition
b. Scope and delimitation of the study d. Significance of the study
2. An analytical tool with several variations and contexts.
a. Scope and delimitation of the study c. Significance of the study
b. Conceptual Framework d. Operational Definition
3. The part of your states what the researcher expects to find- it is the tentative answer to
the research question that guides the entire study.
a. Research Significance c. Research Hypothesis
b. Research Truth d. Research Operation Definition
4. In making your conceptual framework which is not included in the steps stated below.
a. Conduct a Literature c. Write a Narrative
b. Create a Flow chart d. Do not return and revise
5. Who are the individuals whom they explain clearly the purposes of the problem statement
or inquiry?
a. Marshall and Rossman c. F.J. Espania and R. E. Fernandez
b. Marshall Leu and Rose Man d. None of the above
6. It is considered as dictionary terminologies?
a. Operational Definition c. Operational-Conceptual Definition
b. Conceptual Definition d. All of the above
7. It is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.
a. Conceptual Definition c. Operational Definition
b. Conceptual Definition-Operational d. All of the above
8. The part of your study that sets boundaries and parameters of the problem inquiry and
narrows down the scope of the inquiry.
a. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework c. Scope and delimitation of the study
b. Background of the Study d. Scope and delimitation of the study
9. It will provide information to the reader on how the study will contribute.
a. Significance of the study c. Operational Definition
b. Scope and delimitation of the study d. Significance of the study
[Link] portion of your study that will provide evidence of academic standards and
procedure.
a. Theory Framework c. Concept Framework
b. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework d. None of the above
[Link] to her a conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint.
a. Maria Marie Florenda c. Maria Magher
b. Maria Magic d. Maria June Mandela
12.A part of research that is necessary in the theoretical and conceptual framework.
a. Dependable Variable c. Dependent Variable
b. Independent Variable d. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable
[Link] section of the study that provides information to the reader on how the study will
contribute.
a. Significance of the study c. Operational Definition
b. Scope and delimitation of the study d. Glossary of terminology
[Link] Theoretical and Conceptual Framework provides.
a. Substantiation b. Evidence c. Confirmation d. All of the above
[Link] part of your study is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms
and concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly
research in the social sciences.
a. Background of the Study c. Glossary of Research Terms
b. Scope and delimitation of the study d. Significance of the Study

Background of the Problem

After you have carefully written your previous activities and perhaps ran it through
your associates through a many of times. While there are many elements for your readers is
the background of the study. The background of your study will provide context to the
information discussed throughout the research process. The background information of your
study may include both important and relevant studies.
Furthermore, the background of the study will deliberate your statement of the
problem, rationale, and research questions. It links the introduction to your research study
and guarantees a logical flow of ideas. Thus, it helps readers understand and comprehend
your reasons and explanations for conducting the study.

Problem statements or background of the study have three elements:

1. The problem itself, stated clearly and with enough contextual detail to establish why it is
important;
2. The method of solving the problem, often stated as a claim or a working thesis;
3. The purpose, statement of objectives and scope of document the writer is preparing.

Research Problem
A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be
improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in
scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful
understanding and deliberate investigation. It is typically posed in the form of a
question.

Sample Background of the study:

GRADE 12 STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON THE 3R’S METHOD

IN UTILIZING NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IN LA SALLE UNIVERSITY

In today’s generation, a lot of problems have been emerging in our society and the
most common problem that humans are facing right now is the environmental concerns,
specifically the solid waste which includes the biodegradable and nonbiodegradable. Waste
can be defined to be as those materials that are no longer needed at some point.
Biodegradable wastes are those that can be easily decomposed while non-biodegradable
wastes are those that cannot be broken and decomposed in which these will remain stable
indefinitely. Moreover, non-biodegradable wastes bring problems to our environment.

Activity 2. What’s More

You just learned the concepts on background of the Problem. You were tasked to save
the titles you’ve made as your research topic. You will use these on the next activities to
create your research problem.

Among the titles of the previous lesson you have created, which of those
you think should be addressed. Kindly, explain further on this matter.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Write the above research topics you have created and identify at least
three research problem for each and explain why you choose them.
Propose Research Title:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Background of the Problem:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Reasons:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Conceptual Framework
Researchers create and generate theoretical and conceptual frameworks that
comprise a philosophical and methodological model to help and aid to design their work.
A Conceptual Framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts
that can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed to
come up with the desired goal. It is necessary to make conceptual and theoretical
distinctions and organize ideas. Strong and resilient conceptual frameworks capture and
apprehend something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.
The theoretical and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of academic standards
and procedures that validates the authenticity of the study. They also proposed an
explanation and clarification of why the study is relevant and how the researcher expects to
fill the gap in the literature.

How to create a Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint. It provides an outline of
how you plan to conduct the research of your thesis, but it goes further than that by also
positioning your work within the larger field of research.

1. Conduct a Literature Review

Before you can have your research, you need to understand and comprehend what
research has already been conducted on your topic of interest and curiosity. Conducting a
literature review can help you to refine your central argument or hypothesis. You must also
conduct and gather the literature review to be able to place and organize your work within
the larger and greater area of study in your conceptual framework. Your framework should
present the relevant research ad show how your work will help to advance the field.
2. Create a Flow Chart
Conceptual frameworks are frequently visual and allow those reading the framework
to understand the course of your research. You can present this in whatever way makes the
most sense for your work, which can include a flow chart, mind gap or diagram. In every
component of your research, you should showcase the variables that influence it.
3. Write a Narrative
Conceptual frameworks don’t have to include a diagram or graphic. You can always
present the same information and evidence by writing a narrative. Your narrative should
recap the variables influencing your research and explore how they may change the
hypothesis. The narrative should also explain and enlighten the basic methodology for your
research. If you include a diagram in your conceptual framework, a narrative should also be
included explaining these details for those who prefer more in-depth information. Bolded
headers to separate the sections of your narrative and to create a visual order of
information.
4. Return and Revise
As you begin your research, you may discover that certain elements of your
conceptual framework are no longer needed. You will discover new variables, or you may
identify that your hypothesis is incorrect. You may discover additional research that
challenges your theory and ideas. You should return to your framework and revise it if
necessary

SAMPLE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Demographic Profile of the
respondents in terms of:
Age:
Gender: Academic Achievement of 4Ps
Grade Level: Pupils - Recipients
Occupation of the parents:
Monthly income of the parents:
Interactive Method:

Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram showing the perimeter of the study

Research Hypothesis (Quantitative Research)

In the preceding lesson, you learned the significance of research across fields of
inquiry. A thorough research can be conducted in any field of knowledge. The areas and
disciplines that are classified into different areas of sciences will assist you to understand
where you really fit. These will guide you into the next learning of designing and writing a
research project and a research title.

Research Hypothesis is vital to all research endeavors, whether qualitative or

quantitative, exploratory or explanatory. In developing a testable research hypothesis, it
takes skill, however, along with careful attention to how the proposed research method
treats the development and testing of hypotheses. The hypothesis in your study, you are
predicting the relationship between two variables.
Following are some hints for the formulation of your hypothesis.
➢ Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain with it before making a final decision
➢ As noted, a research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has two elements (variables)
that are in relation to each other. Your hypothesis is what you propose to “prove” by your
research. As an outcome of your research, you will arrive at a conclusion, a theory, or
understanding that will be useful or applicable beyond the research itself.
➢Avoid judgmental and critical words in your hypothesis.
➢Your hypothesis must involve an issue or question that cannot be answered exclusively
by the discipline of law.
➢Be certain that each term if your hypothesis is clearly understood and defined, do not
deal in generalities or assume that the reader knows the meaning of the technical term.
➢Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing with state or federal law or both on a
comparative basis if appropriate.
➢Know that your hypothesis may change over time as your research progresses. You must
obtain the teacher’s approval of your hypothesis, as well as any modifications to your
hypothesis, before proceeding with any work on the topic.

You will be expressing your hypothesis in 3 ways:

➢As a one-sentence hypothesis.
➢As a research question.
➢As a title for your paper.
Your hypothesis will be part of your research proposal.

Sample on Research Hypothesis:

Example:
Question:
Does taking aspirin everyday reduce the chance of having a heart attack?
Null Hypothesis:
Taking aspirin daily does not affect heart attack risk.

Activity 3. Writing Exercise: Make your Research Hypothesis

Directions: Go back on the sample given. Based on the topic that you’ve
chosen, write a statement on the Research Hypothesis on your chosen topic.
Question:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Research Hypothesis:
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Making Statement of the Problem

In the prior lesson, you’ve learned on how to make a research hypothesis that is
indispensable in making a research project. In addition, before formulating your research
hypothesis, read about the topic that is interesting to you since a research hypothesis is a
statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research itself.

Writing a Statement of the Problem

After identifying a research problem, the next step is to write a problem statement. It
has to be concise and concrete. Writing a problem statement can help the researcher put
the topic in context and have a deeper understanding of its significance. A problem
statement may be written in several paragraphs or in several sentences incorporated in the
introduction.
Problem statement should address the relevance of the research: why is it important to
resolve the problem.
The problem statement need not lay worldchanging impact. What is important is that
the problem statement should lay how you intend to address the problem. Your goal should
not be to find a conclusive solution, but to seek out the reasons behind the problem and
propose more effective approaches to understanding it. You may start with the following
phrases:
a) The aim of this study is to determine…
b) This project aims to explore…
c) I aim to investigate…
Research studies generally include the succeeding interconnected portions.

Purpose of the Statement of the Problem:

➢To describe the substantive focus of the research study
➢To frame it as
➢A larger theoretical policy
➢A practical problem and thereby, develop its significance
➢To pose initial research questions
➢To forecast the literature to be discussed in the second section and
➢To discuss the limitations of the study.
Specific Title of the Study:
Narcissism in Teenagers: Root Causes, Manifestations and Interventions
The different parts of the problem statement will be written as follows:
Introduction
Taking selfies or a video of oneself has become a social phenomenon that has been
brought about by the use of modern gadgets, particularly the mobile phoneadolescents take
pictures or videos of themselves, their possessions, their latest happenings or gigs, their
friends, their food-anything, anyone they take a fancy on, anywhere, anytime. A good
number of people say that this social phenomenon has evolved into narcissism. There is, to
date, a dearth of research on this topic.

Statement of the Problem

Major Problem: This study aims to investigate the root causes of narcissism, as well as its
manifestations and possible forms of intervention.
Specific Problems: Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
➢ What are the underlying causes of narcissism?
➢ How has technology contributed to narcissistic behavior?
➢ What are the manifestations of narcissistic behavior in adolescents?
➢ What forms of intervention can be done to address this behavior of adolescents?
➢ How can the following help in developing healthy self-esteem, positive outlooks and
attitudes in adolescents?
 Parents
 Curriculum Planners
 Administrators
 Teachers
 Guidance Counsellors
 Peers,

Activity 4. Writing Exercise: Make your Statement of the Problem

Directions: Go back on the sample given. On the topic that you have chosen, write a
specific statement or inquiry showing the following:

Statement of the Problem:

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Significance / Importance of the Study

In the former lesson, you’ve learned on how to create a statement of the problem
that is essential in making a research project. Moreover, a good research problem should
address an existing gap in knowledge in the field and lead to further research.

Sample Significance of the study:

Significance of the Study

The researcher believed that the result of this study will help the following assess the
4Ps program and its effect to the performance of the pupils.
The Department of Social Welfare and Development. The researcher believes
that the result of this study will be of great importance to the department since they are the
ones monitoring the 4Ps program. May this study serve as the basis in the modification of
the conditions in giving cash grants
The Administrators. The result of the study would be the basis of constructing and
implementing new and innovative teaching aids to help teachers fully supervise and assess
the pupils to achieve their full potentials, since children are financially supported in their
studies by the government.
The Teachers. The result of this study may help the teacher in constructing and
developing new teaching strategies to help the students in their performance and be
mindful that even if students are provided and supported by the government, they still need
equal guidance to perform well in school. The factors affecting the performance of the
students may also help the teacher as their basis in making daily lessons.
The Parents. The result of this study will inform the parents that their guidance is a
big impact on the performance of the students in school.
The Students. May the result of this research help the student in understanding that
coming to school daily may be a guarantee that they will also have good academic
performance. And may the result give them the overview of how the government is
supporting their studies and that they must do their part by studying well.

Activity 5. Writing Exercise: Writing a statement on the Significance or the

Importance of the Study
Directions: On the topic you’ve chosen, write a specific statement regarding the
Significance or the Importance of the study.

Significance of the Study:

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Scope and Limitations of the Study
In the previous lesson, you’ve learned on how to create a statement of the problem
that is essential in making a research project. Moreover, a good research problem should
address an existing gap in knowledge in the field and lead to further research. As mentioned
in other topics, to broad topics will lead the research nowhere. The scope and delimitation of
the study set borders and limitations of the problem inquiry and narrow down the scope of
the inquiry. The purpose of the delimitation of the study is to delimit by geographic location,
age, sex, population traits, population size, or other similar aspects. Delimitation makes
study more manageable and feasible. Part of it sets the constraints or weaknesses of a
study which are beyond the control of the researcher.

Examples of Delimitation of Research

➢ This study covers only those families in Barangay San Jose, Pasig City,
benefited by the government’s Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
➢ This study includes only those English freshman classes that use both
Blended Learning and standard ways of Language teaching.

Activity 6. Writing Exercise: On the Scope and Limitation of the Study

Directions: Go back in the sample given. On the topic that you’ve chosen, write a
specific statement showing the Scope and Limitation of your study.

Scope and Limitation:

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Definition of Terms
In the former lesson, you’ve learned on how to formulate a scope and delimitation of
a research study that is vital in making a research project. Moreover, a scope and
delimitation of a research project is the scope on how in-depth your study is to explore the
research parameters in which it will operate in relation to the population and the timeframe
of your study.

What Is It
 Glossary of Research Terms- this glossary is intended to assist you in understanding
commonly used terms and concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly
research in the social sciences.

Types and Functions

➢ Conceptual Definition
o Refers to the dictionary meaning.
➢ Operational Definition
o The meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.

Sample Operational Definition of Terms

Conceptual Definition Operational Definition

Academic Performance CCT or Conditional Cash Transfer
It is the product of education- the degree to This is a program that transfers cash, largely
which a student, a teacher or organization to deprived families, on the circumstance
has attained their educational goals. It is that those families make prespecified funds
dignified by the final grade earned in the in the human assets of their kids.
course.

Activity 7. Writing Exercise: Defining a Term

Directions: On the topic chosen, write a specific statement using the different Types
and Functions of the Definition of Terms.

Conceptual Definition:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Operational Definition:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Activity 8. What I Can Do

Directions: Provide the necessary information as asked in the 1 st Column. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the activity.

Question/Instruction Answer
What is your proposed topic for study?
Write your statement of the problem.
Formulate your hypothesis based on