FULL SOLVED QUESTION PAPER – HUMAN RIGHTS (DETAILED ANSWERS)
Q1. Answer Any 4 out of 6 Questions
a) Which of the following is the first charter of Human Rights?
Answer: The Cyrus Cylinder
b) Who played an important role in international human rights law?
Answer: The United Nations
c) Who was the first chairman of the Commission on Human Rights?
Answer: Eleanor Roosevelt
d) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is applicable to –
Answer: Every individual, regardless of religion, race, gender, or cultural background
e) Which article of the UDHR tells that the right of nationality depends on one’s wish?
Answer: Article 15
f) Human Rights Day is observed on –
Answer: 10th December
Q2. Answer Any 2 out of 3
1) What are human values? Explain.
Human values are moral principles and standards that guide human behaviour and decision-
making. They include honesty, empathy, respect, compassion, tolerance, justice, and responsibility.
Human values promote harmony, coexistence, and respect for human dignity. They form the
foundation of ethical behaviour and support the protection of human rights in society.
2) State the meaning and significance of human rights education.
Human rights education is the process of teaching and learning about human rights norms,
principles, and laws. It helps people understand their rights and responsibilities. Its significance lies
in promoting dignity, equality, and non-discrimination. It prevents violations, encourages respect
for diversity, empowers people to stand against injustice, and builds a culture of human rights
within society.
3) Explain the pivotal role of NGOs in protection of Human Rights.
NGOs play an important role in protecting human rights. They investigate and document human
rights abuses, provide legal aid to victims, advocate for policy changes, and raise awareness
through campaigns. NGOs also monitor government actions, support vulnerable communities, and
work with international organizations to ensure that human rights standards are respected.
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Q3. Give a detailed analysis on the recent International Convention on rights of children and its
outcome.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), adopted in 1989, is the most
significant international treaty focused on children's rights. It outlines civil, political, economic,
social, and cultural rights for every child. Its core principles include non-discrimination, the best
interests of the child, right to life and development, and participation in decisions affecting them.
The CRC helped countries implement stronger child protection laws, improve access to education
and healthcare, and prohibit child labour and exploitation. Outcomes include global reduction in
child mortality, expanded schooling, stronger legal systems, and international cooperation for child
welfare. Challenges remain in conflict zones, poverty, trafficking, and abuse, but the CRC continues
to be a foundation for international child rights protection.
Q4. Examine the classification of human rights and the interrelationship between them.
Human rights are classified into:
1) Civil and Political Rights – right to life, equality, freedom of speech, fair trial.
2) Economic, Social and Cultural Rights – right to education, health, work, and social security.
3) Collective or Solidarity Rights – right to development, peace, clean environment.
These rights are interdependent and indivisible. Civil rights cannot be fully enjoyed without social
rights, and economic rights depend on political stability. For example, without education (social
right), freedom of expression (civil right) is difficult to exercise. Human rights reinforce each other
and must be protected together.
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Q5. Are Human Rights a ‘grant by the State’ or inherent in human beings? Discuss.
Human rights are inherent in all human beings and not granted by the state. The philosophy of
human rights is based on natural law, which states that rights arise from human dignity, equality,
and moral worth. The state’s role is to respect, protect, and fulfil these rights, not to create them.
While governments enforce human rights through laws and constitutions, the rights themselves
exist independently. Human rights are universal, inalienable, and equal for all people by birth.
Therefore, states are duty-bearers, while individuals are rights-holders.