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C++ File Operations and Stream Classes

The document outlines file operations in C++ using stream classes for input and output, including important classes like ifstream and ofstream. It describes how to detect the end of a file (EOF), various file modes for opening files, and methods for reading and writing data. Additionally, it explains the differences between sequential and random access for file operations.

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5 views2 pages

C++ File Operations and Stream Classes

The document outlines file operations in C++ using stream classes for input and output, including important classes like ifstream and ofstream. It describes how to detect the end of a file (EOF), various file modes for opening files, and methods for reading and writing data. Additionally, it explains the differences between sequential and random access for file operations.

Uploaded by

huriensheikh844
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit V – File Operations (OOP in C++)

5.1 C++ Stream Classes & File Stream Classes


Stream means a flow of data between program and file/device. C++ uses streams to perform input and
output operations. Types of Streams: 1. Input Stream: Used for reading data (e.g., cin, ifstream) 2.
Output Stream: Used for writing data (e.g., cout, ofstream) Important Stream Classes in C++:
Class Purpose Header File
ios Base class for all stream classes <iostream>
istream For input operations <iostream>
ostream For output operations <iostream>
ifstream For input from file <fstream>
ofstream For output to file <fstream>
fstream For both input/output to file <fstream>

5.2 Detection of End of File (EOF) & File Modes


End of File (EOF) means no more data is available for reading from the file. Detected using
while(![Link]()) or by checking if file read fails.
Example: #include #include using namespace std; int main() { ifstream fin("[Link]"); string line;
while(![Link]()) { getline(fin, line); cout << line << endl; } [Link](); }
File Modes define how a file is opened.
Mode Meaning
ios::in Open file for reading
ios::out Open file for writing
ios::app Append data to end of file
ios::ate Open file and move to end immediately
ios::trunc Delete previous data in file
ios::binary Open file in binary mode
Example: fstream file("[Link]", ios::in | ios::out);

5.3 Opening, Closing, Reading, Writing Files


Files can be opened in two ways:

1. Using Constructor:
ifstream fin("[Link]");
ofstream fout("[Link]");

2. Using open() Function:


fstream file;
[Link]("[Link]", ios::out);

Always close files after operations:


[Link]();
Reading from File: ifstream fin("[Link]"); string line; while(getline(fin, line)) { cout << line << endl; }
[Link](); Writing to File: ofstream fout("[Link]"); fout << "Hello Students!" << endl; [Link]();
Formatted I/O in File Example: #include fout << setw(10) << "RollNo" << setw(15) << "Name" << endl;

5.4 Types of File Access


1. Sequential Access
- Data is read/written in sequence (from start to end).
- Example: reading a text file line by line.
- Slower for large files but simple to use.

2. Random Access
- Data can be read/written at any position in the file.
- Uses seekg(pos), seekp(pos), tellg(), tellp().
Example: fstream file("[Link]", ios::in | ios::out); [Link](10); // Move to 10th byte char ch; file >> ch;
cout << ch; [Link]();

Summary
Concept Description
Stream Flow of data between program and device
ifstream, ofstream, fstream Classes for file handling
EOF Indicates end of file
File Modes Define how a file is opened
Sequential Access Read/write in order
Random Access Jump to any location in file

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