Bus Tracking Management System

A
PROJECT REPORT ON

BUS TRACKING MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
AWARD OF THE DEGEREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
BY
Mr. Girish Suresh Posture
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Prof. Rajendra Raut

Department of information technology

VISHWABHUSHAN BHARATRATRATNA DR. BABASAHEB
AMBEDKAR COLLEGE, AMBADVE
MANDANGAD
(CONDUCTED BY UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)
(2024-2025)
 Bus Tracking Management System

PROFORMA FOR THE APPROVAL PROJECT

PROPOSAL

PRN No.: 2022016400521426 Exam no.: 3026972

1. Name of the Student
_____________________________________________________________________
______
2. Title of the Project
_____________________________________________________________________
______
3. Name of the Guide
_____________________________________________________________________
______
4. Teaching experience of the Guide
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Is this your first submission? Yes NO

Signature of the Student Signature of the Guide

Date: ………………… Date: …………………

Signature of the Co-ordinator

Date: ……………
 Bus Tracking Management System

University of Mumbai’s
(Joint Educational Project of UGC & Govt. of Maharashtra)
Vidyanagari, A/p. Ambadave,
Tal: Mandangad
Dist: Ratnagiri (M.S.) 415203.
College Email Id:
amb_modcol@[Link]
(Affiliation No.: Aff./1/2275/2011, Date: 29 thJune, 2011)
VISHWABHUSHAN BHARATRATNA DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR COLLEGE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “BUS TRACKING
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ” is bonified work done and submitted by Mr. Girish
Suresh Posture in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the degree of Bachelor of
Science in (Information Technology) by The VISHWABHUSHAN
BHARATRATRATNA DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR COLLEGE, AMBADVE
during 2024-25.

Internal Guide External

Examiner
Date: ……………. Date: ……………….
 Bus Tracking Management System

ABSTRACT
A bus location management system is a technological solution that allows for the real-
time monitoring of buses in transit, providing users with accurate information on the
estimated arrival time of a bus at a given stop. This system typically involves the use
of, to provide users with up-to-date information on bus routes and schedules. By
providing real-time information to users, a bus management system can improve the
efficiency of public transportation, reduce wait times, and increase user satisfaction.
This abstract serves as an overview of the key features and benefits of a bus
management system.
A bus management system is a software-based solution that allows bus operators to
track the information real-time schedule and status of their buses, as well as monitor
other important data such as bus speed, passenger load, and fuel consumption.
The Bus Location Management System is an application that allows users to track the
exact bus location and movement of buses in real-time. The system is designed to
provide passengers with real-time information on the current location of buses and
when they will arrive at their stop. It is also beneficial for bus operators as it provides
real-time data on the location and movement of buses, allowing them to optimize their
routes and schedules.
The system is built around a central database that stores information on buses, routes,
schedules, and stops. The system uses schedule and status of their buses to track the
real-time location of buses and provide passengers with accurate information on their
arrival time. The system also includes user authentication and authorization features
to ensure only authorized users can access the system.
The Bus Location Management System is an essential tool for passengers and bus
operators, providing real-time information on the location and movement of buses. It
enables passengers to plan their journeys better and provides bus operators with data
to optimize their routes and schedules.
 Bus Tracking Management System

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Project Title Bus Tracking Management System is prepared by Mr.

Girish Suresh Posture of T.Y. BSc [Information Technology], V.B.D.B.A College,
Ambadave. This has been prepared under the program for Degree Course.
I take immense pleasure in acknowledgement the kind support selflessly to us
by college faculty and friends.
The other person that needs very special mention is our project guide
and Head of Department of B. Sc. I. T. Mr Rajendra Raut He has been the driving
force behind the enthusiasm and the hard work throughout this project.
I would also like to thank our other teachers, faculty members and
friends for being helping in project. Their valuable inputs helped us in this project
better.
 Bus Tracking Management System

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr Topic Name Page
No No
1 Introduction
1.1 Background 1

1.2 Objective 2

1.3 Purpose and Scope 3

2 System Analysis
2.1 Existing System 5

2.2 Proposed System 6

2.3 System Study And Technology 7-12

2.4 Identification of Need 13

2.5 Software Requirement Specification 14

2.6 Feasibility study 15

3 System Design
3.1 Basic Module 16

3.4 ER diagram 18-19

3.5 UML Diagrams 20-28

4 Implementation and Testing

4.1 Coding 29-39

4.2 Database Schemes 40-42

5 TESTING 43-44

6 Results and Discussions 45-48

7 Conclusion and Future Scope 49-50

8 References 51
 Bus Tracking Management System

Introduction
Background
A bus Tracking management system is a technology-driven solution that allows
passengers to track the location of a bus in real-time. The system to provide accurate
location data for buses. With a bus management system, passengers can use their
smartphones or other devices to check the bus's location, estimated arrival time, and
other relevant information.
The benefits of a bus management system are many. For one, it improves the overall
efficiency of the transportation system by reducing wait times and providing better
planning and coordination of bus routes. It also provides a more reliable and
convenient way for passengers to plan their trips, as they can access up-to-date
information on bus locations information and arrival times.
Moreover, bus management system are also beneficial to transit agencies, as they
provide valuable data on the performance of their transit systems. The data can help
agencies make more informed decisions about bus routes, scheduling, and overall
operations, leading to improved efficiency and cost savings.
A bus management system is a technology-based solution that allows passengers to
track the real-time location and movement of buses. The system works by integrating
information and schedule on buses to provide accurate data about their locations,
speeds, and arrival times
Bus management systems also benefit transit agencies by providing real-time data on
the performance of their bus fleets. This information can be used to optimize routes,
improve scheduling, and reduce operational costs and time. It can also help agencies
respond more effectively to incidents and emergencies, providing timely updates to
passengers and stakeholders.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Objectives
The objective of a bus tracking management system is to provide real-time information
on the location and movement of buses to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
public transport services. Some of the specific objectives of a bus management system
include:
Improving passenger satisfaction: By providing accurate and up-to-date information
on bus locations and estimated arrival times, bus management systems can help
passengers plan their journeys more effectively, reduce waiting times, and improve
their overall ze experience.
Enhancing fluency: Bus management systems provide transit agencies with win the
performance of their bus fleets, which can be used to optimize inmove scheduling, and
reduce operational costs and time.
Improving safety and security: Bus management systems can help transit agencies
respond more effectively to incidents and emergencies, providing timely updates to
passengers and stakeholders and improving overall safety and security.
Promoting sustainable transportation: By making public transport more reliable,
efficient, and convenient, bus management systems can encourage more people to use
public transport instead of private vehicles, promoting sustainable transportation and
reducing traffic congestion and carbon emissions.
Additionally, the system can help bus operators monitor their fleet in real-time,
optimize routes, and improve overall efficiency. The bus management system can also
aid in improving safety and security by providing real-time information to authorities
in case of emergencies. Overall, the primary objective of a bus management system is
to improve the reliability, efficiency, and convenience of public transportation
systems.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Purpose and Scope

The scope and purpose of a bus Tracking management system are to provide real-time
information about the location, route, and schedule of buses. The system utilizes this
technology to track the buses and provide accurate information on their various stops
along their route. The scope of a bus location management system can include:
Real-time information: The system can provide real-time information to passengers
about the location, arrival time, and departure time of the bus at different stops along
the route.
Improved passenger experience: By providing accurate and timely information, the
bus tracking system red improve the overall passenger experience by reducing waiting
times and helpers plan their journey better.
Fleet management. The system con also aid in fleet management by providing bus
operators wine information on the location of their buses, enabling them to optimize
routes and schedules, and improve operational efficiency,
Safety and security: The bus tracking system can help improve safety and security by
providing real-time information to authorities in case of emergencies.
The purpose of a bus location management system is to provide real-time information
about the location, route, and schedule of buses. The system uses technology to track
the exact location information of buses, and then utilizes this data to provide accurate
and timely information to passengers and bus operators.
The primary purpose of a bus management system is to improve the reliability,
efficiency, and convenience of public transportation systems. By providing real-time
information about the location and schedule of buses, the system can reduce waiting
times, improve passenger satisfaction, and help bus operators manage their fleets
more effectively. The system can also help to reduce traffic congestion, promote
sustainable transportation, and enhance the overall quality of public transportation
systems. The main goal of the proposed work is to improve the Bus Location
Management System by adding the necessary features to our project, like projecting
accurate has timings, presenting correct bus numbers.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
System analysis is the process of studying and understanding a system's
requirements, design, and functionality to identify any issues or areas for
improvement. The analysis involves breaking down the system into its component
parts, examining how they internet with each other, and identifying potential
problems that could arise.
The goal of system analysis is to identify ways to improve the system's
performance, efficiency, and functionality. The analysis typically includes the
following steps:
Identifying user needs, and defining the system requirements.
System modelling: This involves creating models that represent the system's
structure. behavior, and interactions.
Data analysis: This involves analysing the system's data to identify patterns
and trends that can be used to improve the system's performance.
Process analysis: This involves analysing the system's processes to identify
areas for improvement, such as bottlenecks, redundancies, or inefficiencies.
Performance analysis: This involves measuring the system's performance
against established benchmarks to identify areas for improvement
Cost-benefit analysis: This involves evaluating the costs and benefits of
proposed changes to the system to determine their feasibility and potential impact.
The system analyst plays the role of the interrogator and dwells deep into the
working of the present system. The system is viewed as a whole and the input to the
system are identified. The outputs from the organizations are traced to the various
processes System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem,
identifying the relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the
various factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or
program of action.
A detailed study of the process must be made by various techniques like. This
system is called the existing system. Now the existing system is subjected to close
study and problem areas are identified. solver and tries to sort out the difficulties that
the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as proposals. The proposal is then
weighed with the existing system analytically and the best one is selected.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Existing System
In the current system, there is a lack of real-time information about the location of
buses, leading to several inconveniences for passengers and operators alike. One of
the major issues is that passengers do not know the exact location or expected arrival
time of buses at their respective stops. As a result, they often need to rely on third-
party information, such as contacting bus stations or drivers, which is inefficient and
unreliable.
This lack of real-time data leads to long waiting times at bus stops, causing frustration
for passengers. Since there is no automated way of knowing when a bus will arrive,
passengers either have to wait for extended periods or risk missing the bus if they
leave the stop prematurely. Additionally, the chances of missing the bus are higher, as
passengers cannot accurately plan their journey based on the bus's actual arrival time.
Operators also face difficulties in managing their fleet effectively, leading to less
efficient routing and scheduling, which in turn affects operational efficiency and
passenger satisfaction. The existing system for attendance management also poses
security and privacy risks, as the attendance sheets or registers can be lost, damaged,
or tampered with, compromising the integrity of the attendance data.
• Location of the bus is not known; thus, we need to ask the bus information for
respective persons.
• Long-time waiting for the bus.
• Chances of missing bus.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Proposed System

The proposed Bus Tracking Management System aims to solve the limitations of the
existing system by providing real-time information about the exact location of buses
through a mobile application. With this system, passengers will have access to the
precise location of the bus, allowing them to manage their time more efficiently. The
system enables users to see when the bus is approaching their stop, so they can arrive
just in time, reducing unnecessary waiting periods. Additionally, if passengers are
running late or miss the bus, they can make alternative travel arrangements based on
real-time information.
The system benefits bus operators by helping them monitor their fleet in real-time.
Operators can optimize bus schedules, manage routes more efficiently, and respond
promptly to delays or other issues. By providing accurate and up-to-date information,
the proposed system improves the overall efficiency of public transportation, reduces
passenger wait times, and enhances the overall user experience. This system also
encourages the use of public transport by making it more reliable, reducing traffic
congestion, and supporting environmentally sustainable transportation practices.
• We are expecting to find the location of the bus and let the users know the location
• so that one can manage their time efficiently and reach their stop just before the bus
arrives or take an alternate means of transport if they miss the bus or they are running
late.
• The proposed system provides the exact location of our bus to the passenger from
their location through mobile application. In this project to receive the information of
route, stops and exact location on bus the device receives the bus data and sends the
latitude and longitude values of the location of the bus to the server at regular
intervals.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

SYSTEM STUDY AND TECHNOLOGY

TECHNOLOGY USED

• HTML:
HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language. It is used to design web pages using
a mark-up language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Mark-up language.
Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. A mark-up language is used to define
the text document within tag which defines the structure of web pages. This language
is used to annotate (make notes for the computer) text so that a machine can understand
it and manipulate text accordingly. Most mark-up languages (e.g. HTML) are human-
readable. The language uses tags to define what manipulation has to be done on the
text.
 HTML is a mark-up language used by the browser to manipulate text, images, and other
content, in order to display it in the required format. HTML was created by Tim
Berners-Lee in 1991. The first-ever version of HTML was HTML 1.0, but the first
standard version was HTML 2.0, published in 1999.

 Features of HTML-

• It is easy to learn and easy to use.

• It is platform-independent.
• Images, videos, and audio can be added to a web page.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• JAVASCRIPT:
JavaScript is a very powerful client-side scripting language. JavaScript is used mainly
for enhancing the interaction of a user with the webpage.
In other words, you can make your webpage livelier and more interactive, with the help
of JavaScript. JavaScript is also being used widely in game development and Mobile
application development. JavaScript (is) is a light-weight object-oriented programming
language which is used by several websites for scripting the webpages. It is an
interpreted, full- fledged programming language that enables dynamic interactivity on
websites when applied to an HTML document. It was introduced in the year 1995 for
adding programs to the webpages in the Netscape Navigator browser. Since then, it has
been adopted by all other graphical web browsers. With JavaScript, users can build
modern web applications to interact directly without reloading the page every time. The
traditional website uses is to provide several forms of interactivity and simplicity.
Features of JavaScript-
• All popular web browsers support JavaScript as they provide built- in execution
environments.
• JavaScript follows the syntax and structure of the C programming language. Thus, it is
a structured programming language.
• JavaScript is a weakly typed language, where certain types are implicitly cast
(depending on the operation).
• JavaScript is an object-oriented programming language that uses prototypes rather than
using classes for inheritance
It is a light-weighted and interpreted language.

• CSS:
CSS- Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simply designed language
intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. CSS allows you to
apply styles to web pages. More importantly, CSS enables you to do this independent
of the HTML that makes up each web [Link] is easy to learn and understand, but it
provides powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• PHP:

PHP (Hypertext Pre-processor) is one of the most widely used server-side scripting
languages designed specifically for web development. It powers millions of websites
and web applications worldwide, offering a range of features for building dynamic
and interactive content.
Why PHP is Popular for Backend Development:
Server-Side Execution: PHP scripts are executed on the server, and the result (usually
HTML) is sent to the client’s browser. This enables developers to create dynamic
content that adapts to user interactions, database updates, and other inputs.
Ease of Integration: PHP can be easily embedded into HTML and integrates smoothly
with JavaScript, CSS, and various front-end technologies. This makes it a natural fit
for full-stack web development, allowing for seamless interaction between front-end
and back-end processes.
Database Support: PHP provides robust support for a wide range of databases, such as
MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and Oracle. PHP can execute database queries,
manage user data, and perform CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) with
ease. Using libraries like PDO (PHP Data Objects), developers can write secure and
reusable code for database interactions.
Sessions and Cookies: PHP has built-in functionality to manage sessions and cookies.
Sessions allow for maintaining user-specific data across different pages (e.g., login
credentials, user preferences), while cookies store user data in the browser. This is
crucial for applications like e-commerce sites, which need to track users’ carts,
preferences, and authentication status.
Handling HTTP Requests and Responses: PHP supports various HTTP request
methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. This makes it easy to capture form
data, handle API requests, and interact with RESTful services. PHP can also send
HTTP headers and manage file uploads/downloads.
Security Features: PHP offers built-in security mechanisms such as:
Data sanitization and validation: Ensures that user inputs are cleaned and safe to use
in the application.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Prepared statements: Helps prevent SQL injection attacks by binding data to SQL
queries.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) protection: PHP can escape special characters to mitigate
the risk of XSS attacks.
Password hashing: Functions like password hash () make it easy to securely store and
verify user passwords.
File Handling: PHP supports file management operations such as reading, writing,
uploading, and deleting files on the server. This is useful for applications that need to
handle user-uploaded content, such as images, documents, and videos.
Error Handling: PHP provides mechanisms for handling errors and exceptions.
Developers can write error-handling routines to manage issues like database
connection failures, file access problems, or invalid user inputs. PHP also allows error
logging, helping developers track and troubleshoot issues in production environments.
Scalability and Performance: While PHP is not the fastest language in its raw form,
there are optimizations and extensions that significantly improve its performance.
Tools like OPCache can cache compiled scripts to avoid repeated compilation. PHP is
also highly scalable and can be used in high-traffic environments with proper
optimization, caching, and load balancing.
Framework Support: PHP has a rich ecosystem of frameworks, such as Laravel,
Symphony, and CodeIgniter, that provide powerful tools and features to streamline
backend development. These frameworks follow design patterns like MVC (Model-
View-Controller), which separate concerns, enhance code reusability, and improve
maintainability.
RESTful API Development: PHP is often used for developing RESTful APIs that
allow client applications (such as mobile apps or single-page applications) to interact
with the server. PHP can handle incoming API requests, process them, and return
JSON or XML responses, making it an essential choice for API-based applications.
Support for Web Services and Microservices: PHP is commonly used to build web
services that support a service-oriented architecture (SOA) or microservices. It can
serve both as a producer and consumer of web services, enabling interaction between
different applications and services over the internet.
Cross-Platform Compatibility: PHP is compatible with all major operating systems,
including Linux, Windows, and macOS. It can run on various web servers such as

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Apache, Nginx, and IIS, making it versatile for deployment on different

environments.
Session and State Management: PHP supports session management, which allows
developers to store and retrieve data (such as user login status) across multiple pages
or sessions. This is particularly useful for building applications that require state
persistence, such as e-commerce platforms or user dashboards.
Backwards Compatibility: PHP maintains a high level of backwards compatibility,
ensuring that even older versions of PHP applications can run on newer versions of
the language with minimal code changes. This is useful for legacy systems that may
still rely on PHP

Properties:
1. It is simple, object-oriented, and familiar. 2. It is robust and secure.
3. It is architecture-neutral and portable.
4. It executes with high performance.
5. It is interpreted, threaded, and dynamic.

• DATABASE(MySQL):

MySQL Database is a client/server system that consists of a multithreaded SQL server

that supports different back ends, several different client programs and libraries,
administrative tools, and a wide range of application-programming interfaces (APIs).
We also provide MySQL as an embedded multithreaded library that you can link into
your application to get a smaller, faster, easier-to-manage standalone product.
MySQL benefits:
MySQL is fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use. It was originally developed to
handle large databases quickly and has been used in highly demanding production
environments for many years.
Although MySQL is under constant development, it offers a rich and useful set of
functions. MySQL's connectivity, speed, and security make it highly suited for
accessing databases on the internet.
MySQL's key benefits include

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• Ease of use: Developers can install MySQL in minutes, and the database is easy to
manage.
• Reliability: MySQL is one of the most mature and widely used databases. It has
been tested in a wide variety of scenarios for more than 25 years, including by many
of the world's largest companies. Organizations depend on MySQL to run business-
critical applications because of its reliability.
Scalability: MySQL scales to meet the demands of the most accessed applications.
MySQL's native replication architecture enables organizations such as Facebook to
scale applications to support billions of users.
• Performance: MySQL Heat wave is faster and less expensive than other database
services, as demonstrated by multiple standard industry benchmarks, including TPC-
H, TPC-DS, and CH-benchmark.
High availability: MySQL delivers a complete set of native, fully integrated
replication technologies for high availability and disaster recovery. For business-
critical applications, and to meet service-level agreement commitments, customers
can achieve

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 Bus Tracking Management System

IDENTIFICATION OF NEED
• Improving Passenger Experience:
• Real-time Tracking: Passengers require accurate, real-time information on bus
locations and estimated arrival times to reduce waiting time at bus stops.
• Convenient Trip Planning: Travelers need a convenient method to plan their trips,
especially in unpredictable traffic conditions. A bus tracking system can offer up-to-
date information on bus schedules and delays.
• Reducing Uncertainty:
• Reliable Information: Commuters often face uncertainty due to bus delays or
changes in routes. A bus tracking system provides live updates on bus movements,
eliminating the guesswork in planning trips.
• Optimizing Public Transportation Operations:
• Route Efficiency: Transit agencies need to optimize routes based on bus performance
and passenger demand. A bus tracking system allows for better decision-making on
route adjustments, reducing redundant travel and improving service efficiency.
• Cost Savings for Agencies:
• Data-Driven Decisions: By monitoring bus performance in real-time, transit
authorities can make informed decisions regarding bus schedules, maintenance, and
route optimization, resulting in operational cost savings.
• Incident and Emergency Management:
• Timely Responses: The system helps transit agencies respond faster to incidents like
breakdowns, accidents, or traffic jams. This leads to quicker recovery, minimized
service disruption, and enhanced passenger safety.
A bus tracking management system addresses the growing need for an efficient,
passenger-friendly, and cost-effective public transportation solution.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

SOFTWARE & HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

A software requirement specification (SRS) is a document that outlines the functional

and non-functional requirements of a software system. It is typically created by the
software development team in collaboration with the stakeholders or customers who
will be using the software.
The purpose of an SRS is to clearly define the scope of the project, the expected
behavior of the software, and the constraints that the development team must work
within. It also serves as a reference document for the development team throughout
the software development life cycle.
Requirement for bus location management system:
Real-time location tracking the system should be able to track the location of buses in
real- time using route and stop information or other location-based technologies.
Data visualization: The system should provide a user-friendly interface for visualizing
the location and status of buses.
Alerts and notifications: The system should send alerts and notifications to users
about the status of buses, such as arrival time, delays, and route changes.
Integration with other systems: The system should integrate with other systems, such
as transit management systems, to provide a seamless user experience.
Scalability: The system should be scalable to handle a large number of buses and
users.
Maintenance and support: The system should be maintained and supported to ensure it
continues to function correctly and meet user needs.

• I/O devices
o Monitor
o Keyboard
o Or Smart Phone
• Modern Computer with Modern Web Browser
Internet Connection

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FEASIBILITY STUDY

A Feasibility study is an important step in determining the viability and potential

success of a bus location management system. Here are some key factors to consider
in a feasibility study for a bus management system:

Technical feasibility: The technical feasibility of the bus location management

system should be assessed. This includes analysing the hardware and software
required, the connectivity options available, and the potential challenges that may
arise in implementing the system.

Financial feasibility: The financial feasibility of the bus management system should
be evaluated. This includes estimating the initial investment required, the ongoing
operational costs, and the potential revenue that can be generated from the system

Legal and regulatory feasibility: The legal and regulatory aspects of implementing a
bus management system should be examined. This includes identifying any applicable
laws and regulations, obtaining the necessary permits and licenses, and ensuring
compliance with data protection and privacy laws.

Operational feasibility: The operational feasibility of the bus management system

should be analysed. This includes assessing the impact on the existing operations of
the bus service provider, identifying the staffing requirements for managing the
system, and evaluating the potential benefits and drawbacks for the users.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

SYSTEM DESIGN
Modules Division
Admin: The admin is the person who takes care of the whole process as
he
gets the admin power to control the system. He's the person who
schedules the
buses according to the hierarchy into the system and therefore responsible
for overall activities.
• User: This entity saves the information of each passenger along with
their journey details.
• Daily Route: This entity gives all the details information about the daily
routes of the bus
• Bus: This entity resumes a chart in which details of every bus is
validated and transfers this information to the operator, driver, and
passengers of that journey. This system holds the complete database of
every bus where they are going.
what's their timing and information of the driver, conductor, and the on
boarding passengers' details as well.
• Stops: This entity gives all the information about the stops of all
Driver/Conductor: This entity provides ease of doing work to the driver
and conductors. As they get the information on the bus they are attending
along with the list of passenger's details and also the places from where
they need to pick up the passengers and reroute for the journey

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 Bus Tracking Management System

GANTT CHART

Expected Date Actual Date of

Phase Sub phase Remarks
of Completion Completion

Preliminary Investigation

Organizational Overview

System Description

Feasibility Study

System Analysis

Collection of System Requirements

Modelling Events

Modelling classes/objects

Identifying Activities & Sequences

System Designing

Designing Database Tables

Components, Package & Deployment

considerations

System Coding

Program Coding

Testing & Validations

System Integration

System Implementation

Project Review by Guide

Feedback for Improving,

Correcting & Modifying
The Project

Project Report Submission

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ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD)

ER Diagram stands for Entity Relationship Diagram, also known as ERD is a

diagram that displays the relationship of entity sets stored in a database. In other
words, ER diagrams help to explain the logical structure of databases. ER diagrams
are created based on three basic concepts: entities, attributes and relationships.
ER Diagrams contain different symbols that use rectangles to represent entities,
ovals to define attributes and diamond shapes to represent relationships.
ER Model stands for Entity Relationship Model is a high-level conceptual data
model diagram. ER model helps to systematically analyse data requirements to
produce a well-designed database. The ER Model represents real-world entities and
the relationships between them. Creating an ER Model in DBMS is considered as a
best practice before implementing your database.
ER Modelling helps you to analyse data requirements systematically to produce a
well-designed database. So, it is considered a best practice to complete ER modelling
before implementing your database
Prime reasons for using the ER Diagram
• Helps you to define terms related to entity relationship modelling
• Provide a preview of how all your tables should connect, what fields are going to be
on each table
• Helps to describe entities, attributes, relationships
• ER diagrams are translatable into relational tables which allows you to build
databases quickly
• ER diagrams can be used by database designers as a blueprint for implementing data
in specific software applications
• The database designer gains a better understanding of the information to be
contained in the database with the help of ERP diagram
ERD Diagram allows you to communicate with the logical structure of the database to
users

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 Bus Tracking Management System

ER DIAGRAM FOR BUS TRACKING MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM:

This is the ER diagram for Bus Tracking Management System that shows how the
modules are related with each other. From this we can easily conclude that how the
admin each and every module.

• ER DIAGR:

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 Bus Tracking Management System

UML DIAGRAMS
A UML use case diagram is the primary form of system/software requirements
for a new software program underdeveloped. Use cases specify the expected
behaviour (what), and not the exact method of making it happen (how). Use cases
once specified can be denoted both textual and visual representation (i.e. use case
diagram). A key concept of use case modelling is that it helps us design a system from
the end user's perspective. It is an effective technique for communicating system
behaviour in the user's terms by specifying all externally visible system behaviour
• Use Case Diagram:

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• Admin Use Case Diagram:

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• User Use Case Diagram:

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• Class Diagram:
Class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application. Class
diagram is not only used for visualizing, describing, and documenting different
aspects of a system but also for constructing executable code of the software
application.
Class diagram describes the attributes and operations of a class and also the
constraints imposed on the system. The class diagrams are widely used in the
modelling of object-oriented systems because they are the only UML diagrams, which
can be mapped directly with object-oriented languages.
Class diagram shows a collection of classes, interfaces, associations, collaborations,
and constraints. It is also known as a structural diagram.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• Activity Diagram
Activity diagram is basically a flowchart to represent the flow from one activity to
another activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system.
The control flow is drawn from one operation to another. This flow can be sequential,
branched, or concurrent. Activity diagrams deal with all type of flow control by using
different elements such as fork, join, etc.
Activity is a particular operation of the system. Activity diagrams are not only used
for visualizing the dynamic nature of a system, but they are also used to construct the
executable system by using forward and reverse engineering techniques. The only
missing thing in the activity diagram is the message part.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• Admin Activity Diagram:

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• Data Flow Diagrams

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical or visual representation using a
standardized set of symbols and notations to describe a business's operations through
data movement. They are often elements of a formal methodology such as Structured
Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM). Superficially, DFDs can resemble
flow charts or Unified Modelling Language (UML), but they are not meant to
represent details of software logic.
Admin data flow Diagram

• USER DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• COMPONENT DIAGRAM
A Component Diagram in UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a structural
diagram that shows the organization and dependencies among a set of components in
a system. It is used to model the physical aspects of a system, such as software
components, libraries, executables, and their relationships.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

• SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
A Sequence Diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modeling Language) interaction
diagram that shows how objects or components interact in a time-ordered sequence.
It is commonly used to model the dynamic behavior of a system, illustrating the flow
of messages between different entities.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

• Code
User/[Link]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Find Your Bus | Maharashtra Bus Routes</title>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="[Link]
/>
<link rel="preconnect" href="[Link] />
<link rel="preconnect" href="[Link] crossorigin />
<link

href="[Link]
&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>

</head>
<body>
<!-- Header -->
<header>
<div class="container">
<nav class="navbar">
<a href="#" class="logo">
<i class="fas fa-bus logo-icon"></i>
<span class="logo-text">Find Your <span>Bus</span></span>
</a>
<ul class="nav-links">
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Routes</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Popularbuses</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</header>

<!-- Hero Section -->

<section class="hero">
<div class="container">

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 Bus Tracking Management System

<h1 class="hero-title">Find Buses Across Maharashtra</h1>

<p class="hero-subtitle">
Discover bus routes between cities in Maharashtra with our
comprehensive search platform
</p>

<div class="search-card">
<h3 class="search-title">Search Bus Routes</h3>
<form class="search-form" method="POST" action="search_buses.php">
<div class="form-group">
<i class="fas fa-map-marker-alt form-icon"></i>
<input
type="text"
class="form-control"
id="startPoint"
name="startPoint"
placeholder="From (e.g. Mumbai)"
required
/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<i class="fas fa-map-marker-alt form-icon"></i>
<input
type="text"
class="form-control"
id="endPoint"
name="endPoint"
placeholder="To (e.g. Pune)"
required
/>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">
<i class="fas fa-search"></i> Find Buses
</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</section>

<!-- Popular Cities Section -->

<section class="section">
<div class="container">
<h2 class="section-title">
Popular <span>Cities</span> in Maharashtra
</h2>
<div class="cities-grid">
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>

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 Bus Tracking Management System

</div>
<div class="city-name">Mumbai</div>
</div>
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>
</div>
<div class="city-name">Pune</div>
</div>
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>
</div>
<div class="city-name">Nagpur</div>
</div>
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>
</div>
<div class="city-name">Nashik</div>
</div>
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>
</div>
<div class="city-name">Aurangabad</div>
</div>
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>
</div>
<div class="city-name">Kolhapur</div>
</div>
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>
</div>
<div class="city-name">Solapur</div>
</div>
<div class="city-card">
<div class="city-icon">
<i class="fas fa-city"></i>
</div>
<div class="city-name">Amravati</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>

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<!-- Bus Operators Carousel Section -->

<section class="section operators">
<div class="container">
<h2 class="section-title">Popular <span>Buses</span></h2>
<div class="carousel-wrapper">
<div class="carousel-container">
<div
class="carousel-track continuous-rotate"
style="--slide-count: 5"
>
<div class="carousel-slide">
<img src="[Link]" alt="MSRTC" class="operator-logo" />
</div>
<div class="carousel-slide">
<img src="[Link]" alt="Neeta" class="operator-logo" />
</div>
<div class="carousel-slide">
<img src="[Link]" alt="Shivshahi" class="operator-logo" />
</div>
<div class="carousel-slide">
<img src="[Link]" alt="VRL" class="operator-logo" />
</div>
<div class="carousel-slide">
<img src="[Link]" alt="Paulo" class="operator-logo" />
</div>
<!-- Duplicate slides for seamless looping -->
<div class="carousel-slide">
<img src="[Link]" alt="MSRTC" class="operator-logo" />
</div>
<div class="carousel-slide">
<img src="[Link]" alt="Neeta" class="operator-logo" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button class="carousel-btn prev-btn">
<i class="fas fa-chevron-left"></i>
</button>
<button class="carousel-btn next-btn">
<i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i>
</button>
</div>
</div>
</section>

<!-- About Section -->

<section class="section about" id="about">
<div class="container">
<h2 class="section-title">About <span>Find Your Bus</span></h2>
<p>

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Find Your Bus is a dedicated platform to help you discover bus routes
across Maharashtra. Our mission is to simplify your travel planning by
providing comprehensive information about intercity bus routes.
</p>
<p>
We cover all major cities and towns in Maharashtra, helping you find
the best bus options for your journey. Whether you're traveling for
work, education, or leisure, Find Your Bus makes your travel planning
effortless.
</p>
</div>
</section>

<!-- Footer -->

<footer>
<div class="container">
<div
class="logo"
style="justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 1.5rem"
>
<i class="fas fa-bus logo-icon"></i>
<span class="logo-text">Find Your <span>Bus</span></span>
</div>
<ul class="footer-links">
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Routes</a></li>
<li><a href="#">PopularBuses</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="footer-social">
<a href="#" class="social-icon"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a>
<a href="#" class="social-icon"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#" class="social-icon"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a>
</div>
<div class="footer-bottom">
<p>&copy; 2023 Find Your Bus. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
</div>
</footer>

<script>
[Link]("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
const track = [Link](".carousel-track");
const slides = [Link]([Link](".carousel-slide"));
const nextBtn = [Link](".next-btn");
const prevBtn = [Link](".prev-btn");
let currentIndex = 0;
const slideCount = 5; // Original number of slides (without duplicates)

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const totalSlides = [Link];

let isAnimating = false;
let autoRotateInterval;

// Set CSS variable for animation duration

[Link]("--slide-count", slideCount);

function moveToSlide(index) {
if (isAnimating) return;
isAnimating = true;

// For infinite loop, reset position when reaching end

if (index >= slideCount) {
index = 0;
// Wait for transition to complete before resetting
setTimeout(() => {
[Link] = "none";
[Link] = "translateX(0)";
setTimeout(() => {
[Link] = "transform 1.5s ease-in-out";
}, 50);
}, 1500);
}

currentIndex = index;
[Link] = `translateX(-${currentIndex * 100}%)`;

setTimeout(() => {
isAnimating = false;
}, 1500);
}

function nextSlide() {
moveToSlide(currentIndex + 1);
}

function prevSlide() {
let newIndex = currentIndex - 1;
if (newIndex < 0) newIndex = slideCount - 1;
moveToSlide(newIndex);
}

function startAutoRotation() {
autoRotateInterval = setInterval(nextSlide, 3000); // Slower auto-rotation
}

// Pause on hover
const carousel = [Link](".carousel-container");
[Link]("mouseenter", () => {

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 Bus Tracking Management System

clearInterval(autoRotateInterval);
});
[Link]("mouseleave", startAutoRotation);

// Button controls
[Link]("click", () => {
clearInterval(autoRotateInterval);
nextSlide();
startAutoRotation();
});

[Link]("click", () => {
clearInterval(autoRotateInterval);
prevSlide();
startAutoRotation();
});

// Initialize
startAutoRotation();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Admin/[Link]

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>MyBus Admin Panel</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="[Link]"><!-- Link to your CSS file -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="[Link]
awesome/6.0.0-beta3/css/[Link]"> <!-- Font Awesome -->
<script src="[Link] <!-- For charts -->

</head>
<body>
<?php include '[Link]'; ?>

<!-- Main Content -->

<div class="main-content">
<!-- Header -->
<header>
<div class="header-left">
<i class="fas fa-bars" id="sidebar-toggle"></i>
<h1>Dashboard</h1>
</div>

</div>
</header>

<!-- Content Area -->

<!-- Cards -->

<div class="cards" id="dashboard-cards">
<!-- Cards will be populated by JavaScript -->
</div>

<!-- Chart -->

<div class="chart-container">
<canvas id="busChart"></canvas>
</div>

<!-- Recent Activity -->

<div class="recent-activity">
<h2>Recent Activity</h2>
<table id="activityTable">
<thead>

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 Bus Tracking Management System

<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Activity</th>
<th>Date</th>
<th>Status</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<!-- Data loaded via AJAX -->
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<script>

// Toggle Sidebar
[Link]('sidebar-toggle').addEventListener('click', () => {
[Link]('.sidebar').[Link]('collapsed');
});

// Load Dashboard Data via AJAX

async function loadDashboardData() {
try {
const response = await fetch('api/[Link]');
const data = await [Link]();

// Populate Cards
const cardsContainer = [Link]('dashboard-cards');
for (const [key, value] of [Link](data)) {
const card = [Link]('div');
[Link] = 'card';
[Link] = `
<div class="card-icon"><i class="fas fa-${getIcon(key)}"></i></div>
<div class="card-info">
<h3>${formatKey(key)}</h3>
<p>${value}</p>
</div>
`;
[Link](card);
}

// Render Chart
const ctx = [Link]('busChart').getContext('2d');
new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'bar',
data: {
labels: ['Buses', 'Employees', 'Stations', 'Trips'],

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datasets: [{
label: 'Count',
data: [[Link], [Link], [Link],
[Link]],
backgroundColor: ['#4e73df', '#1cc88a', '#36b9cc', '#f6c23e']
}]
}
});
} catch (error) {
[Link]('Error loading dashboard data:', error);
}
}

// Load Recent Activity via AJAX

async function loadRecentActivity() {
try {
const response = await fetch('./api/[Link]');
const data = await [Link]();
const tbody = [Link]('#activityTable tbody');
[Link] = [Link](activity => `
<tr>
<td>${[Link]}</td>
<td>${[Link]}</td>
<td>${[Link]}</td>
<td><span class="status
${[Link]}">${[Link]}</span></td>
</tr>
`).join('');
} catch (error) {
[Link]('Error loading recent activity:', error);
}
}

// Helper function to get icons based on key

function getIcon(key) {
switch (key) {
case 'totalBuses': return 'bus';
case 'totalEmployees': return 'users';
case 'totalStations': return 'map-marker-alt';
case 'totalTrips': return 'route';
default: return 'chart-bar';
}
}

// Helper function to format keys for display

function formatKey(key) {
return [Link]('total', '').replace(/([A-Z])/g, ' $1').trim();
}

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// Initialize
[Link]('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
loadDashboardData();
loadRecentActivity();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

<?php
include 'includes/[Link]'; // Include footer
?>

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 Bus Tracking Management System

DATA DESIGN

DATABASE SCHEMA
ADMIN:
Field Name Data Type Size Description
UserName varchar 20 UserName Of
Admin
Password varchar 10 password

BUS STATION DETAILS:

Field Data Type Size Description

Code varchar 10 Code
Address varchar 20 Name
Phone int 12 Phone

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BUS DETAILS:
Field Data type Size Description
Bus No varchar 10 Bus No
Capacity of Seat int 60 Capacity of Seat
Allocated to varchar 20 Allocated to
Station Station
Bus Type enum Bus Type

EMP DETAILS:
Field Data type Size Description
Batch No int 10 Batch No
Name varchar 20 Name
Address varchar 50 Address
Type dr_conduct enum - Type dr_conduct
Phone No int 12 Phone No
dob date - Dob
doj date - doj

Trip Details:
Field Data type Size Description
Trip No int 10 Trip No
From Station varchar 20 From Station
To Station varchar 20 To Station
Type enum - Type
Arrival Time time - Arrival Time

Trip Station Details:

Field Data type Size Description
Trip No int 10 Trip No
Station varchar 20 Station
Arrival Time time - Arrival Time
Departure Time time - Departure Time

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Bus Trip Details:

Field Data type Size Description
Trip No int 10 Trip No
Date date - Date
Time Arrival time - Time Arrival
Time Departure time - Time Departure
Station varchar 20 Station
TimeA time - TimeA
TimeD time - TimeD
Bus No varchar 20 Bus No
Conductor No int 12 Conductor No
Driver No int 12 Driver No
Remark varchar 60 Remark

Bus Routes Details:

Field Data type Size Description

Route Name varchar 100 Route Name
Start Point varchar 100 Start Point
End Point varchar 100 End Point
Distance decimal 10 - 2 Distance
Duration decimal 10 - 2 Duration
Status Enum(Active/inactive) Status
Created_at timestamp - Created_at

Bus Stops History :

Field Data type Size Description
Bus Stop varchar 100 Bus Stop
Arrive Time time - Arrive Time
Departure Time time - Departure Time
Bus No varchar 20 Bus No
Status Enum(Active/inactive) Status
Updated_At timestamp - Updates_At

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Testing
Software Testing is evaluation of the software against requirements gathered from
users and system specifications. Testing is conducted at the phase level in software
development life cycle or at module level in program code. Software testing
comprises of Validation and Verification.

Unit Testing
While coding, the programmer performs some tests on that unit of program to know if
it is error free. Testing is performed under white-box testing approach. Unit testing
helps developers decide that individual units of the program are working as per
requirement and are error free.

Integration Testing
Even if the units of software are working fine individually, there is a need to find out if
the units if integrated together would also work without errors. For example, argument
passing and data updation etc.

System Testing
The software is compiled as product and then it is tested as a whole. This can be
accomplished using one or more of the following tests:
• Functionality testing - Tests all functionalities of the software against the
requirement.
• Performance testing - This test proves how efficient the software is. It tests the
effectiveness and average time taken by the software to do desired task.
Performance testing is done by means of load testing and stress testing where
the software is put under high user and data load under various environment
conditions.
• Security & Portability - These tests are done when the software is meant to
work on various platforms and accessed by number of persons.

• Acceptance Testing
When the software is ready to hand over to the customer it has to go through last phase
of testing where it is tested for user-interaction and response. This is important because

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 Bus Tracking Management System

even if the software matches all user requirements and if user does not like the way it
appears or works, it may be rejected.

• Alpha testing - The team of developer themselves perform alpha testing by

using the system as if it is being used in work environment. They try to find out
how user would react to some action in software and how the system should
respond to inputs.
• Beta testing - After the software is tested internally, it is handed over to the
users to use it under their production environment only for testing purpose. This
is not as yet the delivered product. Developers expect that users at this stage
will bring minute problems, which were skipped to attend.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

User Interface Design

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Admin Panel

Admin login :

Admin home page :

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Bus stop management :

Bus details:

Bus route:

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 Bus Tracking Management System

Bus station details :

Trip details :

Employee details :

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 Bus Tracking Management System

CONCLUSION
In this project we designed and developed a real time bus location
management system .In this project we try to save the time of the passenger
mainly who uses the bus transportation service and we also tend to help
them with easy and tension
mornings for a bright and peaceful day.
This software does not need any external hardware which is available
to all the passengers. So, the overall cost is very low or no cost needed
for tracking the bus location. It provides nearly accurate data in real time
that makes possible for the user to track the buses.

Bus management System resulted in improving overall productivity with

better fleet management that in turn offers better return on your investments.
Better scheduling or route planning can enable you handle larger jobs loads
within a particular time

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 Bus Tracking Management System

FUTURE SCOPE

For future enhancement, we can develop a vehicle monitoring system

using GPS & GSM module with high speed processor. The system can be installed in
buses, cars and trucks, hence this project is having a wide scope .
Along with this we can create a bus ticketing system where the user can actually buy
a digital ticket just like the UTS app in the Mumbai railways. in which app take the
current location of the user ask for the destination and calculate the fare we will also
provide pay option from various third party app such as Paytm , PayPal etc.
We can generalize the project to common man where he can implement the
hardware part to the personal vehicles which will help them to track their location after
it has been stolen it will also police. We can also extend it to private travel agency to
track there bus.

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 Bus Tracking Management System

REFRENCES

➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ [Link]
➢ Learning PHP, MySQL & JavaScript: With jQuery, CSS & HTML

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