Series Editor: Tony Staneff Lead Author: Josh Lury Consultants: Professor Liu Jian and Professor Zhang Dan Written by Written by Belle Cottingham, Jonathan East, Paul Wrangles and White Rose Maths (Tony Staneff, Caroline Hamilton, Rebecca Holland and Stephen Monaghan) Year 4Textbook 4B | Series Editor: Tony Stoneff Lat} oe ty @ Pearson determined helpful i’ DexterContents Unit 6 mliptication and vison (2) Problem robin ~adton and mutation Problem song ~ mised problems Using writen method mutiny “Mutipving 02-dit number by Fig number Mutipjng 2 3-gt number by © Lagi number Problem soing = maltpication Matipyng more thon two numbers (0 "Mutipyng more thon two numbers 2) Problem sevng~ mined crespondence problems Diving 2g umber bye ight number). Disison with remoinders Diving @ 2 number by Lagi number (2) Diving 22g number by 9 Feit number (3) Diving 23 git amber by gt number Problem saving -dvion End of unt check Counting sures () Counting squres @) Compering oreo nd of unt check Thistle you © which poge you need. 8 Unit 8 -Froctione () Tents and hundredths () Tenth nd hundecths 2) Equivalent factions () quioientfrocone (2) Simptving fractions Fraction greater thon (0 Fraction greotr thon |) End of unt check Unit 4 Frctions 2) ‘Aang fractions Subtracting rotons () Subtracting Factions @) Problem sing ~ecdng ond sbtracting factions () Problem roving ~eddng end subtracting fections (2) Coleultingfotins of @ quantity Problem sing ~roction of vonty() Problem sing —rocton of quent) End of unt check Unit ~Decimats Tents Tenth 2) Tehs @) Dvding by 0 () Dvn by 0 2) Mune Hundredtns @) Hundreds 6) Diving by 100 Diving by 10 ane 100 End of unt check What hove we lent? 2% 26 a 6 160 132 m ‘88 ‘are you ready for some more moths? —_— | : 3How to use this book “These pages moke sure we're ready forthe unit head. Find out what well be learning and brush up on your ski pasar en Lessons start with Discover. Here, we explore new maths problems Can you work out how to find the answer? Don't be afraid to make mistakes Leon from them end try again! \ Next, we shore our ideas with the css. Did we all solve the problems the same woy? ‘What ideos can you try? Sure Thenwehoveegoctsome more problems together. Use wht you have just leort to help you. ‘Well try@ challenge too! Tis tes you which DS page to goto in your Practice Book. At the end of each unit there's on End of unit check. This is our chance to show how much we have leat,Unit 6 Multiplication and division @ We wil need some maths words. How ‘many of these have you used before? mmultply divide times tables Tn this unit we wit ertition array bar model F Learn how to multiply @ number using the r 7 written method porthole model reminder F Lear how to mutiply end divide numbers foctorpoir factors commutative inour heads F Find the remainder when a number iedvided F Use bor modes and port whole models to solve multiplication and aivsion problems We need to know how to use a porthole model to mutiply or die Fist we reed to know how to partition «number Is there another way to portion 36? We have aleady learnt the times tables foes. Con you use thefts L foworkouthow mony chocolates 36-2046 36 =20416 Thave? Is there quicker woy?Problem solving - addi and multiplication €@) There are 4 rows of 3 choirs with bows. ‘There are & rows ofS ploin choirs Prot a 43-2 45 =20 12 chairs hove bows ‘There ore 20 plain chairs @ 2) Hew mony chats hove bows 1did3-+5= 8, which How many plain choirs are there? gives the number of {just edded the chairs in each row. by How many choirs are there in total? ees ‘Then I multiplied my conswer by 4, 05 there There ore 32 choirs in total ore &rows, Find two ways of working out the total aRaker €) Use th counters to help you to wok out ° 2xS+2x7 @ io many chairs oe therein ttl? Find the answers using the two methods, Method! his wih bows: x=) pein ros (x3) ound the number of ‘counters in each group and then added these together. There re [eosin toa © Work outthe total numberof epeakes. : A (wonder if there isa more UY esoco ie wees eee (Sycemtnncten eces sess 0) Show tat 743274207 ss ovat 34720745 eese Bo seonterzeersu2—72 © CerrcoesinscttProblem solving - mixed problems @) There ow 6 rows of Bbuteries, __Tused my knowledge of Pins ) There ore Sows of Suerte ys and then the fats www wwe from the 8 timer able. wo! OW to work this ut GCrtl*l*1?] ‘There ore 4@ butterflies inthe troy 1b) There ore 48 butterflies. Each tray holds [2 butterflies 3 J} Torouped the 4 @ better to | Fl ly Tr showed vel iY wel lw ¥ ¥ ¥ w ¥ Sy a — = \ew wel [sew er ‘4 new trays are needed, ww © How many buteries re therein the Woy? b) The butterflies are put into new trays w | Foch tray holds 12 butterflies, w | How many new trays ore needed? BoasDake @ Frere or 8 pens in caer bo. pan hartal There ore (_Jpenls in total b) The penis oe shored betneen 2 doses. O2e 62% Fae 26K sow much dese toy plone cost? Atoy atone oss ¢(_] How many penis does ech cos ge? Iwildaw bor modes ——on OO tohepmetoworost — ((etspurone bormodet O-0- themisngrumbes "|| obove the other Do they feen dos espe I |( need to be the some length — 7vy X ww © Work ou te ming voteUsing written methods to multiply (0) There ore 10 tres in Andy: orchord and 8 trees in Jamila's orchard Each ree hos 6 apples. (VYVYVYVYVYY lox6=60 0 6 B® 2% 30 3 2 48 56 60 ee re 8x6 =48 06 8 8 % 3 3% a 48 ‘Andi’ orchard hos 60 apples. Jomilo’s orchard hos 48 apples. b) 60+ 48 = 108 added the 7 ‘There oe 108 opples in total. two answers 23 together, e ‘There are 10 trees IB bE tere ore 8 trees in this orchord, in this rchord, Each tree hos 6 Each tree has 6 all 108 F opps ont. H opples on it. = 1 id 18 x 6 to find the total. There are IStreesinttal ond > 6 opples in each tee. J A @ © tow mony opples does each orchord have? by How many apples are therein totel? Be os os onnie l© sereoresone counters Dae eat o$ se8 328-4) Oremus Bi] FES contains 5 pears. Ceteneteeni] [E seemetrans How mony pears do they have in total? vexi(e54() sorts 0-0-0 Tas 0.5210 ond en eed They hoe [_Jpeorsintota over = = «) tow mony ronges ore emmmetomnmnl) Ve invotl? = 0-0-0 0-0-0 rhereare [_Jororssin bop Richard and Kate ore trying to work out the totel number of counters, 1 did § «20 ond then 5x3 ond added them together. oe ©) Explain the methods thot Richard and Kate hove use. them together. »y Ist possible to work out the answer using just one There re [ Jronges in bse. iutipeaton? show con youd that 0-0-0 rome oe (Jerri hot single calculation could you have done instead to find the ve) [il drow with ry finger around the different groups to help me.Multiplying a 2-digit number | by a I-digit number {@) Both methods use columns. Both methods give the some answer. Bello has used long (expanded) muitipication. but Danny hs used short (single ine) muttipization. Discover | rthink Danny hos gone No, can see what he hos | wrong, He has missed o step! done. He hos just done it alin by This shows the colevation 23 5. | ie oe ine. is quicker tot wey ‘There oreS rows with 23 in eoch row. Ty] 3 5 ‘The under the line represents = the extro 10 thot is mode when tan exchange is done. © @) Donny and Beto have wed ferent methods to workout 235 hots the some and what ferent abut the two methods? tens ond 5 ones = | hundred, ! ten and 5 ones by Use ploce value counters to show what Danny hos done. 50,235 = 5tiara cue @ 2:2 place vole counters to show the answer t022 x6 © ©) Work out the mising numbers nxs-() Wite down the calation you are ding a8 you move the counters axe) arD Tcan se pattern in ny working out wae — SX ) What do you notice about the exchonges each time? ©) Work out a fith question to continue the pattern Lam going to use my times-tables facts tohelp me to find the missing numbers. 1b) What s liferent about the working out for this question?Multiplying a 3-digit number by a I-digit number @ There ore 6 rows of sects in each section. Each ow hos 52 seats How mony seat re therein section? 1) Ther oe 2 sections inthe stadium, How many seots are there in total? wonder if I could use this method to multiply « 3-digit rhumber by @ I-digt number. 652-322 ‘There are 32 seats in @ section b) There are 3 sections in the stadium. Each section contoins 312 seats 3123-936 ‘There re 936 seas in totalburs cou ] o @ reve ore 146 sweets in ajo How many sweets ore therein 2 jors? [Arrange the number cards to make these answers. Tere oe [sweets in 2s a © ‘pie nods posengers Hooked at the lost igi of Feat numberto help me to flow many passengers are ther in ful planes? ees camila atProblem solving - multiplication 1) There are 56 people on each coach going to Bolton Towers There are 3 coaches, Cs 36 x) There ore 168 people going to Bolton Towers, by We know that 168 people ore going to Bolton Towers. 168 [solo] @#) Botton Towers ‘Adventure Pork ‘Te work out the total did 56 + 56 +56 + 60 + 60 + 60 + 60, ‘There ore 4 coaches going to Adventure Park. \ There ore 60 people on each coach 60x 4=240 There are 240 people going to Adventure Perk. 168 +240 = 408 There are 408 people going on a trip todoy © ow many people oe going o Bain Towers? b) How many people are going on 0 trip tody? {| 1423 the onswer from earlier and then J) W864 tohelp me to do 60x 4 a Then I added my answers together.bes cgrg @ tr enether schook there ere 4 coaches going on tp. ‘There are 4 coaches going to Bolton Towers. There ore 5 coaches going to Adventure Park Botton Towers Adventure Park How many people in total are going ono trip? 0-0 Cowen re going Btn Tower Os-0 F peonte ar going to Adventure For 0-0-0 There ee (_] pope in ttl going on i © 0 2h00 tp. 7 ein or going ie Sing ond 38 chien ore gong eontng ‘Whats the difference between the tata cost of the bowting tip tnd the ie skating trip? 30 © A theotre has 385 tickets ovolable fro poy. Tickets cost £6 each, ‘A school wont to send 7 cooches with 48 people ‘on each coach, 0) How many tickets will be avcilable after the school has bought allo the tickets they need? 38s a[@[@[@|@[@[@|7] ) What s the total cost of sending everyone to see the play? T wonder i just multiply 385 by 6. think may need to use ‘number from part 6) to tanswer this question. y abiaeeeeues @ sow mony stickers re there on 6 sheets? @ 4% contin, 2 ons of 6 doughnuts 0-0-0-0 There ae [_) ought in boxes ©) Hw mny doughnuts oe therein boxes? Therere(_Jéoughnts in bores Cex outs arou! diagram to help you © Luisora so or working out he onset this question ax 2x5 did 2 x 5= 10 ond then ‘multiplied my onsmer by 9 ox4= 40 g 10) Which method do you think is more efficient? Why? did 42 =18 and then IB x5 =90. b) Whot isthe most efficient method to use to work out the following [77 A — aa ‘This means that multiplication is commutative, Using 0 different order can help you tomultily mentally, | {con multiply the numbers in any order ond stil get the some answer,sion rr Multiplying more than two numbers opm ° I started from Ix, cover ‘Afoctoris@ number that divides nen send went by another number equally one number ata timo, ‘A factor por two numbers Until the numbers ‘that multiply together to make sorted repeating the number. 1x26 ) Richard can use the numbers Remember, we con multiply from part a) to help him to find the numbers thot are easest to | "umber in ony order ond mutiply together, get the same answer. 2ha2x 2 $0, 26 «5 is equal to 2125 Ee 909000 900000 900000 00000 909000 900000 990000 000000 888090 880000 S00800 Se0000 © ©) Firat the pois of numbers that mutiply together to make 26 Rxrese 1) How can Richard use these numbers to help him to work Ww out 2x5? Rxlo = 120 $0,24x5=120iio © eokct thon metodo woking out 648 @ Bierordis working out 5 6 also know thot 24 = 2 x2 S012 x24is equal to 2x 2x2 ‘) What twa numbers should Richard multiply together frst? 0-0-0 ©) Wat two numbers should Richard hen muti to get ee the answer? ) What other methods could Richard have used to work out G-G-B the onset © sep Richard to work out these multiplications in his head am going to try to find T need to write down some | 0) 365 different numbers that coleulations. I wonder if | multiply to make 48. {can do some in my head. — — jy Cc wonder if t would help #1 wl think of each . \ seperated 36 into 4 numbers IB os being 42, yo ‘ by iexi8Problem solving - mixed correspondence problems will drow a tine from each bucket to each spade nd count the tines. — ) ee TPetoore onebuctondone space, WMO al om, ae oe Spade 3. = i Oe Se ee we ee This tnks to the multiplication 5x 4 because there are 5 rows of 4 diferent matches This is Sots of 4 5x 4220 © © Amati wonts to choose one bucket ond one spode. How mony ean see 5 rows of 6 different ways can she do this? och spade hos 4 possible buckets did ¢s62 464644. po aay 4 bb) How does this ink tothe multiplication 5» 4?hae How many dtferent ways could you choose one bucket and cone spade? V 9 0D -D e 0-0-0 There oe [_ ferent moys to choose one bucket and one spade @ 2c crooses one Tshirt ond one pair of shorts to wear, ‘There are 20 different ways that Zoe could choose what to wear. EEE TWEE How many pairs of shorts does he have? 6x(J=30 zochos(_ ois of hots @ wil 1) Choose two socks to make a mis-matched pair. How many different unique poirs could you choose? {need to find out how many ways the socks con match up. Twill make @ grid Be careful not to count the some pair twice! Ne 5) Find a quicker way to work out how many pairs of socks you con make, pan \ (‘wonder i mutptication could help me. J—— Dividing a 2-digit number it number @ 0) There ore 34 pieces of pineopple. Each tick con hold 3 pieces of pineapple EEE 310-30 30 pieces of pineopple + 3= 10 sticks 4 pieces of pineopple +3 =3 sticks 34 pieces of pineopple + 3= 13 sticks 1 fl sticks con be made. b) 48 gropes ore shared equally between & sticks QaVa9V00000) \ podeneedtese know that dividing by 4is || @RevaVd000000) the same os halving twice. Q@ovdvad00000 " 48 con be slit into 4 equol groups. Ms4 @ © 3 pecs of pneoppe confit onto each sick aoe Exch group contains i grapes. There willbe 12 grapes on each stick (Remember that 4 +4.) {( Remember that 6s421, oS 1040 4-10, How many full sticks con be made? b) The grapes are shored equelly between 4 sticks. How many grapes wil be on each stick?Durer eae ce ore 69 stawberies 13 strawberies ft onto one stick how | Oe aa iow [Link] | [Tinew wero 1o5 of? © © Reena is trying to solve 68 + 2. Checkf her answer iscorrect. many ful sticks can be made? ae ote ae Hlnow tht oso SOLVAHSEREAHSEREATSERWE|| 1521! Her sie nswerto bee os of2 SQLVAMsSEdVAPsSyYSETSEoe 33 33 SQRVATSHRVAHSYHVATSESS WOx2=20 10x2=20 10x2=20 4x 2=8 I think tis easier to divide 60 by2 ond then divide 8 by 2 1) Use Reno's method to salve: 60 roberta «suisse aaanbeniss (J= Lets Cuts con be mode sng 69 robes. @ tre re ssties, They ae shared equly into S boxes. How many limes re there in each box? ses-() JeDivision with remainders {2} Divide the 10s nto 3 groups. Divide the Is into 3 groups. ‘reeenataneeaaty ||] 2) @ fondithere is some leftover. | roe \ [Link] of ten 3 groups of J ones Btens #3=3groupsoflten 30+ ogy Sones +3=3 groups of Sones 44 3=3 lovs=8 This calculation does not have @ remainder os it divides equally. b) 85 = 4 hos a remainder. 90, aile* gw) (5) ‘eo To divide 85 by Btons 4 4=2tens 8044220 | Prined my Sones +4=lone,remeinder! 5+4=It1 | fhowedge that 8524 221r1 024-20 57 +5 has @ remainder 1 then divided the Stens +5 = 10 fives 505-10 Isand realised that @ 0) Wor our39-+3 Does tis calculation hove a remainder? Jones =5=lone, remainder? 7+ Se Saiir2 50,the two calculations with a remainder ore 85+ 4 and 57 +5. “a 12 theres leftover. ) Which two colcultions on the whiteboard have a remainder?