Chapter 4 Cell
1
Which structure is DNA?
A CELL WALL
B E
C
FLAGELLUM
D
2
The Prokaryote: Basic Structure
Cell Wall
Plasma Membrane
Capsule
Cytoplasm Pili
Flagellum
Ribosomes
DNA
3
Prokaryotic cell does not have
A. Plasma membrane
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. cytoplasm
4
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Shown below is a drawing of an animal cell.
The structure indicated by the arrow is:
A. Mitochondrion
B. Ribosome
C. Lysosome
D. Centriole
E. Nucleus
F. Vesicle
6
Which of the following organelles originated
from membrane invagination?
1. Nucleus
A. 1, 3, 5
2. Mitochondria
B. 1, 3, 6
3. Ribosome
C. 1, 5, 6
4. Chloroplast
D. 2, 3, 5
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. 2, 4, 5
6. Lysosome
9
Menu
Ancestor to Eukaryotes
DNA
Plasma Membrane
Membrane-
Invagination
1. Plasma membrane
folds in on itself.
Rough
endoplasmic Nucleus
reticulum
2. Inner compartments
(organelles) are formed.
Membrane-Invagination
• 4.2 Cells – Part I > 4.2.3 General Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
Endosymbiosis Membrane invagination
• Mitochondrion • Nucleus
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Chloroplast • Golgi apparatus
• Lysosome
• Vacuole/vesicles
Which of the following organelles originated
from membrane invagination?
1. Nucleus
A. 1, 3, 5
2. Mitochondria
B. 1, 3, 6
3. Ribosome
C. 1, 5, 6
4. Chloroplast
D. 2, 3, 5
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
E. 2, 4, 5
6. Lysosome
12
Plasma membrane is mostly made of
A B C
13
Plasma membrane is mostly made of
Phospholipid triglyceride (fat) Cholesterol
This diagram is showing a membrane protein embedded in
the phospholipid bilayer.
Which arrow is pointing the hydrophobic region?
15
How do red blood cells incorporate oxygen?
A. Using osmosis
B. Using simple diffusion
[Link] active transport
[Link] facilitated diffusion
16
Na+
Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Ion
Plasma
membrane
Charged molecules cannot
pass the hydrophobic
layer of the plasma membrane.
Oxygen Dissolved in Blood Move by Simple Diffusion
Red blood cell
Oxygen
• 5.1 Cells – Part II > 5.1.2 Movement of Molecules: Diffusion
When a cell moves substances
against a concentration gradient, the cell
A. Releases energy
B. Uses energy
C. Loses water
D. Creates ATP
19
Active Transport
H+ pump moves H+ ions
against the concentration
gradient
ATP is used as energy source
for H+ pump
ATP
ATP
• 5.1 Cells – Part II > 5.1.4 Movement of Molecules: Active Transport
The secretion of proteins to
the outside of the cell is mediated by
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Phagocytosis
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
E. Osmosis
Secretion: release of materials from a cell
21
How synthesized materials are
shipped out of the cell
Exocytosis
Neurons maintain a low concentration of Na+ in the cell and a high
concentration of Na+ outside of the cell. This means there is always a
concentration gradient across the plasma membrane. The Na+ channel
protein facilitates the movement of Na+ down the concentration gradient.
This is an example of:
Na+
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+
A. Facilitated diffusion Na+ Na+
B. Active transport Na+ Na+
C. Endocytosis Na+ Na+
D. Osmosis Na+ Na+
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+
Neurons maintain a low concentration of Na+ and a high concentration of
K+ in the cells. This concentration gradient is maintained by Na+/K+
pump, which pumps out Na+ from the cell and pumps in K+ into the cell.
This is an example of:
K+
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+
Na+ Na+
K+ K+ K+ K+ K+
A. Active transport K+ K+ Na+
Na+
K+ Na
+
F. Facilitated diffusion Na+
K+
Na+
K+ K+
Na+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+
Chapter 5 Energy
25
Raw materials (input) used for
photosynthesis are
A. Carbon dioxide and glucose
B. Oxygen and glucose
C. Water and carbon dioxide
D. Water and glucose
26
Summary chemical
reaction of photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen
The products of the light reaction are
A. Water, ATP and NADPH
B. ATP, NADPH and oxygen
C. Oxygen and glucose
[Link] and ATP
28
From Light Reaction to Calvin Cycle
The two most
important
products of
Light reaction
is ATP and
NADPH
• 6.2 Photosynthesis > 6.2.4 Calvin Cycle
How many carbon dioxide molecules are
used to make one glucose molecule?
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen
30
Which process generates
carbon dioxide?
A. Light reaction
B. Calvin cycle
C. Krebs cycle
D. Glycolysis
31
Cellular Respiration Summary
• 6.3 Cellular Respiration > 6.3.3 Electron Transport Chain
Which molecule is produced in the cytoplasm
and enters into the mitochondria?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Lactic acid
C. Pyruvate
D. Ethanol
33
Cellular Respiration Summary
• 6.3 Cellular Respiration > 6.3.3 Electron Transport Chain
Which process produces most ATPs?
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Light reaction
D. Electron transport chain
35
ATP synthase is found in ___ of mitochondrion.
A. Stroma
B. Inner membrane
C. Thylakoid
D. Matrix
36
ATP synthase is found in ___ of mitochondrion.
A. Stroma (fluid portion of chloroplast)
B. Cristae (inner membranes of mitochondrion)
C. Thylakoid (inner membranes of chloroplast) Also
D. Matrix (fluid portion of mitochondrion) contains
ATP
synthase
ATP Synthase in mitochondria
H+ H+ H+ ATP
Matrix ETC ATP Synthase
H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
H+
H+ H+
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+ H+ H+
Inter-membrane H+
H+ H+ H+
space H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
– One ATP is created for every proton that
passes through
ATP synthase
• 6.3 Cellular Respiration > 6.3.3 Electron Transport Chain
ATP Synthase in chloroplast
ATP
H+
Proton pump ATP synthase
Thylakoid lumen
H+ H+
H+ H+
H+ H+
H+
H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
H+
H+
H+ H+ H+
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+ H+ H+
H+
• 6.2 Photosynthesis > 6.2.3 Light Reaction: Electron Transport Chain
Electron carriers of cellular respiration are
A. NADH and FADH2
B. ATP and ADP
C. NADPH
D. Water
40
Electron Carriers
Low energy High energy
NADP+ Photosynthesis
NADPH
NAD+ NADH
Cellular
Respiration
FAD+ FADH2
• 6.3 Cellular Respiration > 6.3.1 Cellular Respiration Overview
Oxygen is consumed during
which stage of cellular respiration?
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain
42
Review: Movement of Electrons O2 + 4e– + 4H+→ 2H2O
– Oxygen receives electrons at the final stage of electron transport chain
– If there is no oxygen, it will stall electron movement
Matrix
e-
Inner membrane
e-
Inter-membrane space
Electron Carrier Complexes
• 6.3 Cellular Respiration > 6.3.3 Electron Transport Chain
Which structure is DNA?
A CELL WALL
B E
C
FLAGELLUM
D
44
The Prokaryote: Basic Structure
Cell Wall
Plasma Membrane
Capsule
Cytoplasm Pili
Flagellum
Ribosomes
DNA
45
Prokaryotic cell does not have
A. Plasma membrane
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. cytoplasm
46
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Shown below is a drawing of an animal cell.
The structure indicated by the arrow is:
A. Mitochondrion
B. Ribosome
C. Lysosome
D. Centriole
E. Nucleus
F. Vesicle
48
Cells cannot produce ATP without oxygen
A. True
B. False
51
Lactic Acid Fermentation
ATP
Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid
NAD+ NADH NAD+
NADH
• 6.3 Cellular Respiration > 6.3.4 Energy Acquisition without Oxygen
Ethanol Fermentation
CO2
ATP
Glucose Pyruvate Ethanol
NAD+ NADH NAD+
NADH
• 6.3 Cellular Respiration > 6.3.4 Energy Acquisition without Oxygen
Good luck!