I E LTS

GRAMMAR
WORKBOOK
Febraury - March 2023
TARGET SERIES
 A Note from the Editor

Grammar plays a vital role in understanding English as a secondary

language. In IELTS grammatical range is covered as a scoring parameter of

writing but what is to be understood is that for all 4 modules, grammar is a

common denominator. A Complete Guide to Grammar for IELTS aims to

develop grammar skills with language proficiency to help you achieve a high

IELTS score.

It contains all the necessary grammatical tools in the English language and

also has specific conversational cards to help improve your speaking as

well. When using this book, you can learn about Adjectives, Articles, Linkers

as well as have a well-rounded grasp of the language by the time you finish

this book. The Editors are convinced that you will find Complete Grammar

for IELTS extremely helpful on your path to success with the International

English Language Testing System.

Best Wishes,

IELTS Material

[Link] |

For any queries write to: [Link]@[Link]

 Table of Contents
Why is Grammar important in IELTS? 1

Conversation Cards: Spoken English B1 - B2 3

Articles 14

Conjunctions 19

Adverbs and Conjunctions 23

Scrambled Sentences - SVA 29

Tense Forms 31

Mixed Tenses 35

Future Tense 39

Subject - Verb Agreement 48

Labeling with Questions 59

Linkers: Multiple Choice 61

Linkers: Rephrasing 64

Linker and Connector 66

Linker and Connector Words 70

Connectors: Showing Opposition 74

Complex Sentence 77

Complex Sentence With Letter 79

Complex Sentences - II 83

Reported Speech 89
Direct Speech 94

Phrasal Verbs 96

Phrasal Verb Review 99

Idioms 112

Writing Practice 119

Converversation Cards - To Practice Speaking 120

Grammar Meets Conversation: Where's my pencil? 125

Grammar Meets Conversation: How often do you...? 128

Improving Your English Through Reading (Basic) 131

Improving Your English Through Reading (Intermediate) 135

Improving Your English Through Reading (Advanced) 138

Learning Through Story Making: Vocabulary Based (Basic) 143

Learning Through Paintings: Vocabulary Based (Intermediate) 145

Learning Through Movies: Vocabulary Based (Advanced) 148

Answer Keys 152

0
1
 1

Why is Grammar important in IELTS?

The role of grammar in IELTS is extremely important since the test assesses

the language abilities of individuals. IELTS being an English language

proficiency test, test takers must ensure that the responses they provide

are written or stated with correct grammar.

How to make use of the [Link] Grammar Book?

1. You can use our Grammar book to practice and gain

knowledge about various grammar rules.

2. As a result, post these sessions, and use them to enhance

your language skills according to the feedback of your
Trainer.

3. Moreover, you can also correct your answers independently with

the help of the answers to the exercises provided towards the end
of the

Ebook.

4. Also, you are given lifetime access to these ebooks as a token of

love from our side, so that you will have your current updated books

as well as our past ebooks for your practice.

 2

Tips to improve your Grammar knowledge!

1. Read:

Reading is one of the secret weapons to improve your grammar skills.

When you read, you will come across different grammar rules, and then
you will naturally reinforce correct grammar usage in your mind. You will
then start to use these proper grammar rules in your writing. Interestingly,
extensive reading will help you know what grammar rules are effective and
which common grammar mistakes to avoid.

2. Practice

If you know that grammar is an area you struggle with, set aside a few
minutes each day to complete particular grammar exercises. Watch
movies, songs, or even web series in English.

3. Use the [Link]’s Grammar book

This is a fun way of learning all levels of grammar. With a lot of practice
exercises and activities, you will be able to improve your understanding of
framing error free sentences in English!

Buckle up! Let’s have fun learning grammar with [Link]’s Grammar
book!

All the best!

 3

Conversation Cards: Spoken English B1 - B2

Spoken English: Let’s talk about FOOD

Q1 What's your favorite

food? How often do you
eat it?

Q2 Which country do you think has the best food?

Q3 Describe an everyday meal from your country and explain

how to prepare it

Q4 What are the most popular dishes in your country?

What do people usually eat on a special holiday (like New
Year)?

Q5 Can you cook? What is the last dish you cooked?

Q6 Who usually does the cooking in your family?

Q7 Can you give some examples of fast food (also: junk food)?
How often do you eat fast food?

Q8 What food do you refuse to eat? Why?

Q9 What's the strangest food you have ever eaten?

Q10 If you visited a country where people ate snakes or dogs,

would you try it?

Q11 Have you ever eaten Japanese food? Did you like it?
 4

Q12 What's the strangest food you have ever eaten?

Q13 Have you ever eaten insects or snails? Would you like to try

them?

Q14 When did you last go to a nice restaurant? What did you

order?

Q15 Is there a pet in your family? What does it eat?

Tick the foods you have tried

● Baked potato ● Soup

● Frog's legs ● Fried insects
● Cake ● Ostrich
● Fruit salad ● Fried rice
● Dog ● Pancake
● Hamburger ● Pizza
● Horse ● Rabbit
● Duck ● Sausage
● Lasagna ● Seafood
● Escargots ● Snake
● Mashed potatoes ● Spaghetti
● Fish & chips ● Steak
● Monkey ● Sushi
● Fondue ● Tortilla
 5

Spoken English Learning - Let’s talk about FAMILY

Q1 How many people are there in your family? Who are they?

Q2 Do you have any brothers or sisters? Talk about them.

Q3 How many grandparents have you got? How often do you

see them?

Q4 How do your parents earn a living? (= what are their jobs),

Talk about it.

Q5 What does your family usually do on Sundays? Talk about it.

Q6 Who’s the oldest in your family? Who’s the youngest? Talk

about them.

Q7 Do you have any family living or working abroad? Talk about

them.

Q8 How many cousins do you have? What do you do when you

see them?

Q9 Do you have any great-grandparents? If so, how old are

they?
 6

Q10 Pick a family member. Describe looks (= outside) and

character (= inside).

Q11 Does your family eat meals together? What else do you do
together

Q12 Would you live with your parents after getting married? Why
or why not?

Q13 Who does the housework in your family? (e.g. cooking,

cleaning, washing)

Q14 Talk about the relative you like most. Say why you like him or
her.

Q15 What do your parents look like? Do you take after them? (=
look like them)

Q16 Are there any rules in your family? What are they? Do you
think they are fair?

Q17 Do you ever hold a family reunion?

Q18 Is family important to you? Explain why.

 7

Let's talk about Experiences

Q1 Have you ever been abroad? Where have you been?

Which country would you like to visit and why?

Q2 Have you ever seen a ghost? Do you believe in ghosts?

Talk about it.

Q3 Have you ever been camping? Where did you go? Did you
like it? Talk about it.

Q4 Have you ever ridden a horse? An elephant? A camel? A

motorbike? Anything else? Talk about it.

Q5 Have you traveled by plane or ship? Which do you prefer?

Explain.

Q6 Have you ever bought a lottery or lotto ticket? Have you

ever won anything?

Q7 Have you ever cheated on an exam? How did you do it?

Talk about it.

Q8 Have you ever visited a fortune-teller? talk about it.

Q9 Have you ever been to an amusement park? What were

your favorite rides? Talk about it.
 8

Q10
Have you ever broken a bone or been in hospital? Talk
about it.

Q11
Have you ever done anything that you really regretted?
(= to be sorry or sad about something) What was it?

Q12 Have you ever done anything that you really regretted? (=
to be sorry or sad about something) What was it?

Let's talk about Experiences

Q1 Have you ever met a celebrity? Who was it? Talk about it.

Q2 Have you ever performed in public? (sing on stage, play

music, act in a play, speak in public, etc.) Talk about it.

Q3 Have you ever seen a tornado or another natural disaster?

What other natural disasters do you know about? Make a list.

Q4 Have you ever been on the radio or TV? Talk about it.

Q5 Have you ever called a woman ‘sir’ or a man ‘madam’? What

happened?
 9

Q6 Have you ever told a big lie to someone close to you? Tell the

class if you want.

Food for thought - Discuss

➔ Experience is a great teacher.

➔ Experience is simply the name we give our mistakes.

➔ Good judgment comes from experience and experience comes from

bad judgment.

➔ The only source of knowledge is experience.

➔ If we could sell our experiences for what they cost us, we'd all be

millionaires.

Let's talk about FUTURE

Q1 What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? Give your

prediction.

Q2 Where do you see yourself ten years from now?

Explain.

Q3 Do you think scientists will find a cure for AIDS and cancer?
 10

Q4 What are you going to do tomorrow? Describe your plans to

the

class.
Q5 Do you think doctors will clone people in the future?

If so, do you agree? Explain.

Q6 Do you think people will live longer? What is positive or negative

about it?

Q7 What are you doing tonight?

What fixed appointments do you have?

Q8 Will pollution make the Earth uninhabitable?

Discuss.

Q9 Will robots ever replace humans?

If so, in what way?

Q10 Do you think the world will be better or worse for future

generations? Explain.

Q11 How will transportation and travel change in the future?

Give your views.

Q12 Do you believe in fortune tellers or horoscopes? Why or why not?

Q13 How do you think your country will change in the future?

Q14 Do you think aliens will ever visit the Earth? When?

What will happen?

Q15 If you’re single, when are you going to get married?

 11

Q16 What kind of job would you like to do in the future? How much
will

you earn?
Q17 What new inventions would you like to see in the future? Give

reasons

Q18 Do you think you will ever travel, live or work abroad? Talk about

it.

Do you think this will happen? Discuss.

Here are some statements for you to read, ponder and discuss in detail
about. Take efforts to speak about the points that hit your mind
immediately after reading each statement.

➔ A nuclear war will destroy the Earth

➔ Aliens will invade the Earth.

➔ Flying cars will solve the problem of traffic jams.

➔ Global warming will wipe out many animal species.

➔ People will live for 150 years or more.

➔ Robots will take over routine household tasks.

➔ Scientists will invent the time machine.

➔ There will be a friendly alien encounter.

➔ Tourists will go on space holidays

➔ Transporters (like in Star Trek) will be us

 12

Let’s talk about ‘WHAT IF’

Q1 What would you do if you won the lottery?

Explain in detail.

Q2 What would you do if you found a fat wallet on the street?

Q3 If you could travel in time, where would you go?

Explain why.

Q4 If you could start over your life, what would you change?

Q5 If you had the chance to be born again, in which country

would you like to be born?

Q6 If you received one million dollars which you couldn’t spend

on yourself, what would you spend it on?

Q7 What would you do if you won the lottery? Explain in detail.

Q8 What would you do if you were stranded on a desert island?

Which 3 things would you like to have with you?

Q9 If you could be an animal for one day, what would it be?

Explain why.

Q10 How long would you like to live if you had the choice? Explain.

Q11 If you had divine (= godlike) powers, how would you change
the world?

Q12 What would you do if your dog ate your homework just before
going to school?
 13

Q13 What would you do if you had only one day to live?

Q14 If you had three wishes, what would you wish for?Why?

Q15 If an alien spaceship invited you for a ride, would you go? Why
or why not?

Q16 If you were born 50 years earlier, how would your life be
different?

Q17 If you were the leader of your country, what would you do or
change?

Q18 If you could commit any crime and get away with it, what
would you do?

Q19 How would you feel if you found out that you were adopted?

What would you do if …

➔ another student asked to copy your homework?

➔ got lost in the forest at night?

➔ Someone stole your bicycle?

➔ you saw a friend stealing something?

➔ a friend or relative stole money from your wallet?

➔ you were stuck in a lift?

➔ your mobile phone fell in the toilet

 14

Articles

An Article is a word used to modify a noun, which is a person, place,

object, or idea. Articles are words that define a noun as specific or
unspecific. The, a, an - Articles of English.

Eg. After the long day, the cup of tea tasted particularly good.

By using the article the, we’ve shown that it was one specific day that was
long and one specific cup of tea that tasted good.

Eg. After a long day, a cup of tea tastes particularly good.

By using article a, we’ve created a general statement, implying that any

cup of tea would taste good after any long day.

Activity

1. I want__________apple from that basket.

2________church on the corner is progressive.

3. Miss Lin speaks________Chinese.

4. I borrowed________pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.

5. One of the students said, "_______professor is late today."

 15

Answers & Explanation

1. I want an apple from that basket.

Explanation: “An” apple is correct because “apple” begins with a vowel

sound.

2. The church on the corner is progressive.

Explanation: “The” is used to describe a specific noun (Church).

.3 Miss Lin speaks Chinese. (no article needed)

4. I borrowed a pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.

Explanation: Use a when the noun or adjective that comes next begins with
a consonant sound.
The definite article (the) is used before a noun to indicate that the identity
of the noun is known to the reader. The indefinite article (a, an) is used
before a noun that is general or when its identity is not known.

5. One of the students said, "The professor is late today."

Explanation: Words referring to members of a profession are naturally

countable, so you need either “the” or “a” (or one of a handful of other
words that effectively contain them, e.g., “my teacher” = “the teacher of
me”).
 16

Fill in the blanks with A/AN/THE/NO Article

1. _______ couple were sitting on ______ bench.________________man

was reading ______ book while___________woman was knitting.

2. ________ cheetah is______________fastest land animal.

3. What___________nice view!

4. We went to ________ cinema and saw _______ very funny

movie. We really had___good time !

5. You should take_____________umbrella, it’s going to rain.

6. My father is ______ vet and my mum is__________teacher.

7.I need___________new pair of shoes.

8. What________________lovely pair of shoes you have!

9. I am against___________________vivisection.

10_______________banana I ate this morning was ripe.

11. _________ dog is ________ pet she prefers; she thinks it is _____

faithful animal. I prefer cats.

12._____________________________________________He went to ______ theater to

watch_______________________________________movie.
13._________________Put oil in the pan.

14.______________________Go past school and then it’s on your right. You can’t
miss it!
15___________prices have gone up lately.

16.____________________________Would you like cup of tea?

17._________________________________They play tennis twice week.

 17

18.____________________She has shower every morning.

19.__________________________________________Ann and Rob met by chance on

___________________________________________train.
20. ________ boy who is sitting in____________last row is my brother.

21.________________________________Will you pass me salt, please?

22____________French are said to be presumptuous people.

[Link] live in Belgium but they were born in__________USA.

24. _______ Mount Everest is ________ highest mountain in

__________world.

25. We had _______ romantic dinner cruise on_____________Seine.

26. _______ Himalayas form _____ border between India and _____

rest of______________Indian continent.

27.I want to know______________truth.

28. Paul plays soccer better than he plays______________guitar.

29. I heard on _______ radio that there had been_______________terrible

earthquake in _____ California___________last night.

30. Lynn goes to ________ university by car; it takes her__________hour to

get there.

31. Rahul likes to play football.

32.I bought umbrella yesterday.

33. My sister is learning to play piano in school

34. Please give me a sandwich from your tiffin.

35. I lived on most busy street in the city.

36. Mumbai is the capital of the state of Maharashtra.

 18

[Link] mother's family speaks English.

38. hour of exercise once a day is more than enough.

39. wall paint in my bedroom is pink.

40. Our neighbors have son and daughter.

41. I need coffee before work.

42. school in the city is very progressive.

43. Miss Sharma speaks NO ARTICLE Hindi.

44. I borrowed ruler from your pencil box.

45. One of the students waiting for the bus said, " driver is late
today."

Student Space:
 19

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together.

Conjunctions allow you to form complex, elegant sentences and avoid the

choppiness of multiple short sentences.

Eg. I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like washing dishes afterwards.

Sophie is clearly exhausted, yet she insists on dancing till dawn.

“And”, “but”, “yet” are the words that connect the sentences.

Activity

1.____________________________He is intelligent hardworking.

2. I have always been weak in mathematics,_____________I have never failed

a test.

3. He said___________he was catching fish in the river

Answers and Explanations

1. and

Explanation: Since the conjunction “and” connect similar ideas, it

should be used in the above sentence.
 20

2. but

Explanation: But is more appropriately used because the two

sentences above have opposite ideas.

3. That

Explanation: The word that as a conjunction to introduce a

subordinate clause to make a statement or provide more

information. In many instances, the conjunction may be left out

without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

Exercise

1.I visit the Grand Canyon _________ I go to Arizona. (once, whenever,

wherever)

2. This is the place _________ we stayed last time we visited. (where,

when, how)

3. _________ you win first place, you will receive a prize. (wherever, if,
unless)

4. You won’t pass the test________________you study. (when, if, unless)

5. I could not get a seat,_______________I came early. (as, though, when)

 21

Answers:

1. Whenever

2. Where

3. If

4. Unless

5. though

Here are the conjunctions you need to write in the blank space:

However, and, although, or, because, but, unless, therefore, in spite of,

and, nor, if, therefore, but, although, anyway, yet, of course

1. My sister___________I will go there next week.

2. I like you______________________you are so kind to me.

3. Peter turns back at me_________________chuckles.

4. Would you like a Coca-Cola____________a Fanta?

5. She broke her leg________________she managed to walk 2o kilometers.

6. He is not well today__________________he is not going to show up.

7._____________you ever come to Denmark, I really want you to visit me.

8. ________ the fact that she is scared of snakes, she plans to go to

Australia for her next holiday.

9. This is a very nice shirt,____________________also very expensive.

 22

10. I have more than 2500 tracks on my iPod __________ I never have
time to listen to any of them.

11______________________, being here isn’t bad after all.

[Link] is fond of traveling. ____________ she always wants books on

traveling for her birthday.

13.__________________________________Why do you ask? you sound as if you

are bored!

14.______________________________________________I don’t want to be late for

school,_______________________________________I really have to go now.

15.______________________________________I love chocolate, I know it isn’t good for

me.

16.________________________________________They decided to get a dog their son is

allergic to animals.

17.___________________________________He is neither rich poor.

18._________________________________________John is a good skier, he prefers to

play hockey.

19____________we do something about it today, it will all be lost.

20___________________he trusts you. Does he have reasons not to?

Student Space:
 23

Adverbs and Conjunctions

Adverbs: An adverb can be defined as a word that modifies or gives more

information about a verb, an adjective or another adverb. They describe

when, where, why, how and how often an action takes place. According to

its function,

Adverbs can be classified into different types like adverb of time, adverb of

place, adverb of manner, adverb of degree and adverb of frequency.

Eg. My friend and I ran quickly to get the bus.

Here, the adverb “quickly” explains how the action of running took place.

Activity

out quickly forward pretty too

before often once somewhat so

1. Riya ran to her mother ____.

2. The scores are ____.

3. We have met ____.

4. I know him________well.

5. The baby is______sleepy.

 24

Answers

[Link]

2. Out

3. Before

4. Pretty

5. Too

Conjunctions:

➔ A conjunction is used to combine two or more objects, phrases or

clauses. It can also be termed as connectors as they are employed

in sentences to make connections.

➔ Conjunctions can be found in the latter part of a sentence if they are

used to connect clauses. If conjunctions are used to connect objects

or phrases, they can appear in the beginning, middle or end of the

sentence according to the position of the objects or phrases.

➔ Eg. Do you have a rough notebook or at least a rough sheet of

paper? (Here, the word “or” connects both the sentences.)
 25

Write the Words in the List Below in the Correct Column:

● Also ● Consequently ● On the other

● Although ● Despite hand
● And ● Due to ● Owing to
● As a result of ● Even though ● Since
● As well as ● Furthermore ● So as (not) to
● At first ● However ● So that
● Because ● In addition ● Therefore
● Because of ● In order to ● Moreover
● But ● In spite of ● Nevertheless
● Next

ADDITION CONTRAST CAUSE RESULT PURPOSE SEQUENCE

 26

Circle the correct option:

[Link] wasn’t very clever ....…, she used to pass all the subjects at high
school.

Nevertheless/ in addition

2. I knew she didn’t feel very well.........., I tried to cheer her up.

On the one hand/ therefore

3. I was absolutely exhausted.........I had been walking all day.

Since/ so that

4. Our flight was delayed...........the airlines strike.

In spite of/ due to

5. I’m angry with you. You didn’t turn up to my birthday party…….… , you
didn’t even apologize.

Moreover/ consequently

6. I spent all Saturday night cooking...........have everything ready for Sunday

dinner.

Although/ in order to

[Link] couldn’t enjoy our holiday..............the torrential rain.

Despite/ because of

8. We sell our products to European countries...............the USA.

As well as/ on the other hand

 27

9. The country is going through a very difficult period …...… the economic
crisis.

Although/ as a result of

10................................................This is a very useful tool, quite cheap.

So that/ also

11..........................................He quite liked his job having to work long hours.

In spite of/ as well as

12...................................................We tiptoed into the house wake up our

parents.
Therefore/ so as not to

13....................................................................She took up yoga a few months

ago,.............................................................................she always looks so relaxed.
So/ finally

14.I had a very bad Maths teacher at school.........., I’ve never understood it.

As well as/ as a result

Complete the following sentences with your own words.

1. Our hotel room didn’t have a view of the beach as they said in the
brochure. Furthermore … _____________

2. First, I didn’t hear my alarm clock this morning, then … __________

3. You should keep the dog on a leash so that …

4. On the one hand, he is a very successful businessman. On the other

hand, ___________
 28

5. The roads are all blocked because of….. ____________

6. He has decided to go to his ex-girlfriend's wedding even though …

_____________

7. If you take part in the marathon, you’ll do a lot of exercise. In addition, …

_____________

8. They had arguments almost every day. Finally, … ________

9. This candidate’s qualifications are not up to our requirements.

Consequently, _______

10. Everyone was eager to get the latest Apple tablet despite …

______________

11.A lot of money was invested in the making of that film. However, …

__________

12. We heard it was his birthday. So … _____________

13. Harry is always broke. Nevertheless, … ________

14. I had to accept to become the chairman since … __________

[Link] have to use public transport and leave our cars parked owing to …

____________

16. The two countries had endless meetings in order to …

_____________
 29

Scrambled Sentences - SVA

(Subject-Verb Agreement)

Tips:

➔ A sentence's standard word order is Subject + Verb + Object (SVO).

Remember, the subject is what a sentence is about; so, it comes
first. For example: The dog (subject) + eats (verb) + popcorn (object).
➔ Don’t forget to conjugate the verb.

Unscramble the sentences using the Present Simple tense.

1. does / bus driver / a / drive / not / race cars _____________

2. children / in / morning / school / the / go / to________________.

3. does / sister / downtown / not /work / my _____________

4. at / dinner / he / night / eats _______________

5. baked /she / cakes / the / weekend / on _______________

6. have / Wednesday /we /on /class / afternoons _________

[Link] / at / he / to work / 7 am ___________

8. in / she / homework / evening / does / the /her _________

 30

9 .dishes / he / lunch / not / wash / at / does _________

10. movies / the /you / in / watch /evenings ___________

Student Space:
 31

Tense Forms

➔ Past tense: The Past tense describes a completed activity that

happened in the past. In other words, the activity started in the past

and ended in the past.

Eg. My brother entered a hula hoop contest. He won the silver medal.

➔ Present tense: We use the Present tense when an action is happening

right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why

it's sometimes called present indefinite). Depending on the person,

the simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by

adding -s or -es to the end.

Eg. I go to college everyday.

➔ Future tense: The Future is a verb tense that's used to talk about
things that haven't happened yet.

Eg. This year, Jen will read War and Peace. It will be hard, but she's
determined to do it.

1. Write the –ing form of the verbs below.

1. swim …………….

2. shine …………….

3. make …………….
 32

4. run ………………

5. decorate ………………

6. lie ………………………

7. Pack………………….

8. Choose………………

9. read …………………

10. do ……………………

11. have …………………

12. wear ………………

13. study …………..

14. play …………..

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of be.

1..............I working.

2. You....................smiling.

3. Tom..................eating a pizza.

4. It....................raining.

5. We.....................writing.

6. Kate and Julia........................watching a film.

 33

3. Choose the correct item.

1.......................Ann at the moment.

A. am sleeping B. is sleeping

C. is sleeping D. are sleeping

2 The sun …………….…

A. is shining B. is shining

C. am shining D. am shining

3 The boys..............in the park.

A. are running B. is running

C. is running D. are running

4. Write negative sentences.

1 I’m sitting at the desk. __________

2 They are playing football. _____________

3 She is eating dinner. _____________

4 You are writing a letter. ____________

 34

5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of be and the –ing

forms from exercise 1.

1.............I a skirt

2. We...................gymnastics.

3. My mum.............a cake in the kitchen.

4. Brenda...............the Christmas tree.

5. Joe’s at university. He.................French.

6. Jake and Judy...............in the pool.

[Link]...............a shower.

8. The cat...............by the fire.

9. They................chess.

10..................Mark in the park.

6. Put the words in the correct order to write questions.

1. Kate / is / tea / drinking /? ____________

2. eating / friends / are / what/ your /? _____________

3. Dave / playing / and / are / Sue / tennis/? __________

4. you / going to / bed / why / are /? _________________

5. you / what / doing / are/? ________________

6. Sally / the Net / surfing/ is/? __________________

 35

Mixed Tenses

The passive voice is a way of structuring a sentence so that the

grammatical subject is the person or thing which experiences the effect

of an action, rather than the person or thing which causes the effect:

➔ The cat was chased by the dog.

➔ The house will be built shortly.

➔ This book was written by Jane Austen.

➔ The cake has been eaten. (No agent)

An active verb or sentence is one in which the subject is the person or

thing which performs the stated action:

➔ The dog chased the cat.

➔ The builders will build the house shortly.

➔ Jane Austen wrote this book.

➔ They have eaten the cake.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb

1. Where is the bread? (bake)

2. I’ve just heard that Bob_____________________(sell) his car, did you know?
 36

3. The police __________________ (stop) him because he was

driving too fast.

4____________________________(that jacket/wear) recently?

5. Mary and David_________________________(buy) their house in 2006.

6. The company_________________(create) by two brothers in the early 80s.

7. Can I have details of your laptop which _______________

(advertise) in your latest catalog, please?

8. My mother____________________(cleaned) the windows when I arrived.

9. I____________________________________(repair) the car, you can use it now.

10. He____________________(delay) because of the traffic and arrived too late

for the meeting.

11.___________________________________The invoices (check), so you can send

them now.

12.___________________________________People (not/smoke) so much these days.

13._______________________________Who (invent) the telephone?

14. She (go) to Brussels last week for a meeting

15._______________________________________A lot of damage (cause) by the storm

last month.
 37

[Link] men _______________ (arrest) last night. They are in prison

now.

17.___________________________________Our products (sell) all over the world

18._______________________They (bake) the bread every morning.

19._________________________She (wear) a beautiful green dress when I saw

her.

20. Normally the streets___________________(clean) every day.

21.___________________________Smoking (prohibited) in all bars in France.

22. The car ________(repair) at the moment, but it should be ready

tomorrow.

Write the correct present tense form of the verb on the line.

1.___________________________________Everyone in this class wearing jeans. (be)

2. Many students____________________for five or six years. (study)

3. Factories economically these years. (suffer)

4. Somebody________________________do something about it. (have to)

5. Either you or I______________________to do it. (need)

 38

6. Everyone_____________________time off. (enjoy)

7. Neither the man nor the woman_____________________older than 60. (be)

8. Today I_______________going to make a speech. (be)

9. Either my dad or mom_______________us to the game. (take)

10.________________________Peter in his room. (study)

11.____________________________The teacher her bike to school every day.

(ride)

12._____________________________________________________Neither the student nor

the parent___________________________________________present. (is)

[Link] the teacher nor the students __________ it is a good idea.

(think)

14.____________________________Someone to wear sandals in early spring.

(prefer)

15.__________________________Everybody a right to a good life. (have)

16._______________________________________Neither cats nor dogs allowed at the

exhibition. (be)

17._____________________________________________Neither Denmark nor Germany

_____________________________________________the European championship.

(is)
 39

Future Tense

A tense expressing an action that has not yet happened or a state that

does not yet exist is future tense.

Eg. "The party will be so fun!"

This “will be” is in the future tense. Whenever you write or talk about things

that you expect to happen later, you use the future tense.

This exercise is just for you!

Read the sentences and choose the best answer

1)At the airport, you see that the plane is coming closer and closer. You say:

a) The plane is going to land.

b) The plane is taking-off.

c) The plane will land.

2) You are invited to a big party and you are very excited. You say:

a) I am sure I am going to have so much fun tonight!

b) I am sure I am having so much fun tonight!

c) I am sure I will have so much fun tonight!

 40

3) You know that you don’t have enough food at home and you have
decided to go shopping. You say:

a) I am going shopping soon.

b) I am going to go shopping soon.

c) I will leave my purse at home soon.

4) According to Mike’s schedule, he ………. his business partner at 9 o’clock

on Wednesday.

a) will meet

b) is meeting

c) is going to meet

5) My carpets need some cleaning. I............them to the dry cleaner’s.

a) am going to take

b) am not going to take

c) won’t take

6) You have bought your tickets and reserved your room in a hotel. When
you see your friends, you say:

a) I am going to go to Italy next week!

b) I will go to Italy next week!

c) I am going to Italy next week!

 41

7) Mr Jones is the only candidate so he ………………….. .

a) is going to win.

b) is winning.

c) will win.

8) A: Oh, I have cut my finger!

B: …………………………….

a) Don’t worry! I am going to bring you a plaster.

b) Don’t worry! I am bringing you a plaster.

c) Don’t worry! I will bring you a plaster.

9) You are arguing with your friend. Your friend says something really bad
and you say:

a) I am not going to talk to you again!

b) I won’t talk to you again!

c) I am not talking to you again!

10) The score is 3:0 at the match and only two minutes left. You say to
your friends:

a) Our team is going to win!

b) Our team will win!

c) Our team will going to win!

 42

11) Did you get the wedding invitation? They ……………

a) will get married next Saturday.

b) are getting married next Saturday.

c) are going to get married next Saturday.

12)You are having a conversation with a scientist. You say:

a) I think that robots will do the housework in 2100.

b) I think that robots are doing the housework in 2100

c) I think that robots are going to do the housework in 2100.

13)I am filling the bucket with water, I …………………… .

a) am going to wash the windows.

b) will wash the windows.

c) am washing the windows.

14) A: Why are you turning on the TV?

B: I ……………………………………………..

a) am watching Being Human.

b) will watch Being Human.

c) am going to watch Being Human.

 43

15) Irem and her friends go to a fortune-teller. The fortune-teller opens the
tarot cards and says:

a) You are meeting a handsome guy in a couple of day.

b) You will meet a handsome guy in a couple of days.

c) You’re going to meet a handsome guy in a couple of days.

16)Adam...............42 years old next week.

a) is going to be

b) will be

c) is being

17) A: Why did you buy a new

paintbox? B:
………………………………………………….. .

a) I am going to paint a picture.

b) I will paint a picture.

c) I am painting a picture.

18) Your friend has bought a new mobile phone but he doesn’t know how
to use it. You say:

a) I know how to use it. I am helping you!

b) I know how to use it. I am going to help you!

c) I know how to use it. I will help you!

 44

19) Look at that girl! She looks very pale and she can hardly stand on her
feet. She ……………………… .

a) will faint.

b) is going to faint.

c) is fainting.

20) Everything is planned. We.................at 6 o’clock in the morning.

a) are leaving

b) will leave

c) are going to leave

21)A: What would you like to eat?

B: I……………………………………………………… .

a) I am having fish and chips, please.

b) I am going to have fish and chips, please.

c) I will have fish and chips, please.

22) Child: I want a new toy!

Mom: OK! I promise ………………………….. .

a) I won’t buy you one.

b) I am going to buy you one.

c) I will buy you one.

 45

23) I have made up my mind. I................this semester.

a) I will take Spanish and Turkish lessons

b) I am going to take Spanish and Turkish lessons

c) I am taking Spanish and Turkish lessons

24) My girlfriend and I............dinner at 9 o’clock this evening.

a) are eating

b) will eat

c) are going to eat

25) Liz has taken her phone and closed the door. She…………………… a
secret phone call.

a) is making

b) is going to make

c) will make

26) Oh, I forgot to take my keys. I.....................them.

a) am going and getting

b) will go and get

c) am going to go and get

 46

27) A: What is your plan for

tonight? B:
………………………………………………….. .

a) I am going to go to the cinema with my friends.

b) I will go to the cinema with my friends.

c) I am going to the cinema with my friends.

28) Wait!...................you carry those boxes.

a) I am going to help

b) I will help

c) I am helping

29) Dad.........................tired after work.

a) will probably be

b) is probably be going to be

c) is probably being

30) The man is carrying a toolbox. He................the chair.

a) is mending

b) will mend

c) is going to mend
 47

31)A: I am thirsty!

B: I ……………………………………………………… .

a) I am bringing you a glass of water.

b) I am going to bring you a glass of water.

c) I will bring you a glass of water.

32) My daughter is a smart girl. I believe that she………. very successful at

college.

a) will be

b) is going to be

c) is being

33) As soon as I arrive at home, I.......................you.

a) will call

b) am going to call

c) am calling

34) I..............to London at 1pm on Sunday.

a) am going to fly

b) am flying

c) will fly
 48

Subject - Verb Agreement

1. A singular subject takes a singular verb (The cat drinks milk).

2. A plural subject takes a plural verb (They drive very fast).

3. A compound subject (2 subjects) connected by and takes a plural

verb (Mom and Dad play cards).

4. A compound subject (2 subjects) connected by either/or and

neither/nor, the verb agrees with the subject closer to it. (Either my sister or

my brother takes me to the stadium)(Neither my family nor my friends

are supporting me).

5. A singular indefinite pronoun as the subject always takes a singular

verb. (anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, no one, somebody,

someone, something) (Everybody loves Saturday nights).

Exercise 1:

1.A number of my friends __________ (loves/love) riding bicycles, but

neither my brother nor my sister________________(owns/own) a bicycle. At 4

o’clock, either my mother or father__________________(is/are) coming. to pick

me up.
 49

2. The pair of shoes on the floor __________ (is/are) mine. The shoes

_________ (was/were) made in Italy. The 300 dollars I spent on them

_____________(was/were) worth it.

3. Finding a job where you can learn new skills_______________(takes/take) a

lot of effort. I have been looking for six months. Six months

_________(is/are) a long time. Not even one company that I applied to

______________(has/have) responded.

4. Everyone (has/have) problems in life. Countries also

_________ (has/have) problems, and so ________(does/do) the

world. One of the greatest problems ________ (is/are) the growing
population. The population in some countries ________ (is/are) huge.
Both India and China ________(has/have) populations of over one
billion people. Both (is/are) growing, too

5. A few of my friends _________(owns/own) cars. One of my friends

_______(is/are) rich. Much of his money_______________(comes/come)

from his parents. His parents _________(runs/run) three

companies that __________ (sells/sell) products. I don’t know what
kind of products the companies ____________ (deals/deal) with or
who their customers______(is/are).
 50

6. A lot of chicken _________(is/are) eaten in America. As a

consequence, a lot of chickens ___________(is/are) raised on farms. I
know this because I study agriculture and economics. In fact,
economics

_________(is/are) my favorite subject. I think that it, along with

agriculture,________________(is/are) fascinating.

7. A photograph of two children __________(sits/sit) on the desk.

Outside, there____________(is/are) people and a cat on the street. Sitting
on

the roof of a building______________(is/are) a big crow.

8. How useful this website and many other free ones for studying English

__________(is/are) ! This website (which I think is better than some

others)________________(was/were) founded in 2011.

9. My teacher ________(is/are) funny. He_______________(likes/like) to tell

jokes. I think his jokes ________(is/are) funny, and my friends

_________(agrees/agree). Most of the students in my class

_________(is/are) boys. There_____________(is/are) not many girls in my

school who _________(is/are) my age. It______________(is/are) weird. My

friend _________(has/have) a girlfriend. My parents always

__________(asks/ask) me if I have a girlfriend, but my answer

______________(is/are) always “No.”

 51

Exercise 2: Use the singular or the plural form of the verbs given in
brackets to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

1.____________________________________Twenty miles (be) a long distance.

2. The police ________________ (pay) a lot of attention to juvenile

delinquency.

3. Five pounds of potatoes___________________________(be) too heavy for one

servant to carry.

4. Ten minutes_________________________(seem) to be a long time to wait.

5. Two thousand dollars______________________________(be) an unreasonable

price for that second-hand lorry.

6. None of this meat ______________ (be) fresh. I’m not going to buy
any from this shop.

7. It ____________ (be) these boys who __________ (have) made

so many mistakes.

8. The rich and the poor_______________(be) equal in the eyes of the law.

9. It______________________(be) I who should be blamed.

 52

10.__________________________________________None of your models (be)

carefully labeled.

11._____________________________________________Gold, as well as iron, (be) found

in Mexico.

12.___________________________________________None of the boys here (be)

known to me.

13._____________________________________________________The jewel, together with

my passport,________________________________________(have) been stolen.

14.______________________She who (be) beautiful will have a head-start in life.

[Link] principal, with all the teachers,_________________________(be) present

at the meeting.

16.____________________________________________________The building, with its

contents,___________________________________________(be) insured.

17._____________________________________________________________Mr Wong,
accompanied by his wife,____________________________________(attend) the

social gathering.

18. Tom, together with David, ____________ (be) going to visit us on

Sunday morning.

19. It _______________ (be) my mother who ______________

(cook) food for us.

20. He who______________________(work) hard will succeed in life.

 53

Exercise 3: In each of the following questions, decide which one of the four
choices would most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place
marked.

1. One thousand dollars…too much for that bicycle.

A. is B. are C. has been D. have been

2. Neither Mr. Wong nor his brothers…to Ocean Park yet.

A. has been B. are C. is D. have been

3. We bought four detective novels but none of them…cheap.

A. is B. being C. was D. were

4. Many men … see the importance of home education for children.

A. have not B. has not C. does not D. do not

5. Only one or two athletes … chosen for the Joint School Sports Day last
month.

A. was B. were C. is D. are

6. One of the excuses given by the lazy student … ridiculous.

A. sounds B. sound C. has sounded D. have sounded

 54

7. It is Paul who … the expedition.

A. are leading B. lead C. is leading D. have led

8. Mary, it … wrong of you to interfere in this matter.

A. is B. are C. am D. were

9. When I was young, reading comedies … my favorite pastime.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

10. The luggage … just been checked.

A. are B. have C. has D. is

11. The police …looking for a young coolie who is believed to have
murdered Mrs White.

A. am B. was C. is D. are

12. A group of ten members … chosen to investigate the theft last month.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

13. Too much moisture in the air … metal things to rust.

A. cause B. causes C. causing D. are causing

 55

14. A pair of scissors … a useful tool for a tailor.

A. is B. are C. are being D. were

15. The prisoner who … sick has been sent to the hospital.

A. was B. were C. are being D. are

16. In Elizabethan times a lot of people …jobless.

A. is B. was C. are D. were

17. The rich …. often look down on the poor.

A. has not B. have not C. does not D. do not

18. The theme of the story … been clearly expressed by the author.

A. has B. have C. is D. are

19. Their results … not satisfactory and more effort … needed.

A. is/is B. is/are C. are/are D. are/is

20. To take payment and then not to put any effort into one’s work

…dishonest.

A. is B. am C. are D. were
 56

21. Homer was one of the greatest poets that … ever lived.

A. have B. has C. is D. are

[Link] of them … chosen for the coming competition.

A. am B. were C. will be D. have been

[Link] … reared for wool in Australia.

A. is B. are C. was D. am

24. Two.. six… twelve.

A. times/equals B. time/equal C. times/equal D. time/equals

25. At the present moment, our favorite subject … Geography.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

26. I won’t choose one because neither of them … me.

A. suit B. suits C. suited D. have suited

27. Although there … an explanation for these exercises, I still don’t know
how to do them.

A. is B. are C. am D. were
 57

28. News of the strike of the Government workers …rapidly through Hong
Kong.

A. were spreading B. is spreading C. are spreading D have spread

29.A strong spirit of nationalism … among these youths.

A. exist B. exists C. were existing D. have existed

30. To err … human, to forgive divine.

A. is B. are C. were being D. were

31. A little knowledge … a dangerous thing.

A. is B. are C. am D. were

[Link]’s teachings … us to build a new democratic society.

A. inspire B. inspires C. was inspiring D. has inspired

33. More freedom … been given to students in our school.

A. has B. have C. are D. is

33. Steak and chips … my favorite dish when I was in England.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

 58

34. A flock of sheep … grazing in the field.

A. is B. are C. were D. were being

Student Space:
 59

Labeling with Questions

Label completion questions test your ability to understand a detailed

description and relate it to information presented in the form of a diagram.

The diagram may be of some type of machine, part of a building, or

anything else that can be represented by a diagram. Try this simple

labeling diagram question given below.

Label the parts of the house:

 60

Complete the question and answers. Use

Is there... ?/ Are there...?

E.g. Is there a fridge in the garage? No, there isn’t.

1. ..............................two sofas in the living room? No,.............

2. .............................. a mirror in the bathroom? Yes, ..............

3. .................................. two beds in the bedroom? Yes ................

4. .................................. a fridge in the kitchen? Yes................

5. .................................. six lamps in the bathroom? No..............

Student Space:
 61

Linkers: Multiple Choice

Linkers are words or phrases that we use to link (i.e. connect or join) ideas.

Eg. It was raining. I stayed at home.

In this example, we can see that the first idea, 'It was raining.' is the reason

for the second idea, 'I stayed at home.' Or, 'I stayed at home' is a result of

'It was raining.' We can use linkers such as so or therefore to make the

relationship between the two ideas clear.

It was raining, so I stayed at home.

It was raining. Therefore, I stayed at home.

I. Choose the correct linker to fill in the sentences.

1. I’ll lend you my car ……… you promise to drive carefully.

a. provided that b. although c. in case

2. Pam took a day off ……… she could go to the dentist.

a. unless b. in order to c. so that

3..........I asked Sue for help, she refused to help me.

a. Despite b. Even though c. Since

 62

4. The new secretary didn’t give Mr. Smith the message ……… she didn’t
know who he was.

a. because of b. as c. due to

5. Sally works really hard at school. ………, her brother is the laziest student
I’ve ever known.

a. In spite of b. On the whole c. On the contrary

6. The Ambassador was dismissed ……… his lack of diplomacy.

a. owing to b. despite c. since

7. We packed some thick clothes.................it got cold in the mountains.

a. because of b. unless c. in case

8...............his weakness, Dr Brown advised Tom to take some pills.

a. Though b. However c. Due to

9. Pass me the dictionary................check the meaning of this word.

a. so as to b. not to c. owing to
 63

10....................................................................Peter didn’t sleep well last night

....................................................................................., he looked fresh and in shape

this morning.

a. Although b. Nevertheless c. Because

11. ……………… Having very little in common, Mary and Sam have been
going out for a long time.

a. As b. In spite of c. As a result

12............................Phone me you are late for dinner!

a. despite b. because c. if

13....................................................Charles proposed to Meg , she didn’t

accept the engagement.
a. Despite b. However c. On the whole

14............................................................Mandy has lost a lot of weight a

strict diet.
a. in spite of b. because c. because of

15..............................................................I sent a text message to Mike he

doesn't forget our date.
a. so to b. so that c. so as to

16...................................................................Dan plays the flute and the piano

...................................................................................., he writes songs.
a. Moreover b. However c. Too
 64

Linkers: Rephrasing

I. Join the sentences with the linker in brackets.

1. The students didn’t behave, so the teacher got angry (because)

…………………………

2. If you aren’t 18, you aren’t allowed to buy or drink alcohol (unless)

…………………………

3. There weren’t enough children to play, thus the football match was
canceled (as) …………………………

4. There was heavy snow but some skiers didn’t stop skiing (despite)

……………………

5. We have installed an alarm. We want to prevent thieves from breaking in

(so as to)……………………………

6. He couldn’t participate in the marathon. Patrick broke his leg last week
(as a result)…………………………………

7. They didn’t go on holiday. My friends hadn’t saved enough money (since)

…………………………..…
 65

8. Buy some salmon, Pete. I want to prepare your mum’s favorite dish (so
that)…………………………………..…

9. We missed the bus. We ran for it (however)…………………………...

10. I made a big dinner. The children might show up (in case)………………………

11. They moved to a new house. The Jones hadn’t bought the furniture
yet (although)…………………………

12. His sister is mad about sport. Paul enjoys painting (whereas)

…………………………

Student Space:
 66

Linker and Connector

Join the sentences with the linking words in brackets. Make the
necessary changes.

[Link] fans were really disappointed. The actor didn’t sign any autographs
(since)……………………………………

2. The harvest couldn’t start. It rained heavily the previous day (due to).

…………………………………

3. She hasn’t had much time after school. Our teacher hasn’t marked the
exams yet (because).……………………………..

4. It didn’t suit Mary. She didn’t buy the dress (since)……………………………………

5. Our neighbors were having a party last night. We couldn’t sleep well
(owing to).………………………………………

6. They had to put some warm clothes on. The weather got terribly cold at
night (because of).……………………………

7. Tom didn’t know Mary was coming to London. She didn’t phone Tom
(since).……………………………………
 67

8. The play was boring and difficult to understand. The audience didn’t like
it (because).……………………………………

9. Some strikers complained. The police acted violently (due

to).………………………………

10. The tour guide has changed today’s schedule without prior warning.
Most travelers are angry (since)…………………………………………

11. Nobody could solve it. It was such a difficult math problem! (owing to).

………………………………………

12. The teacher wasn’t watching them. Most students cheated in the
exam (as).………………………………..

13. The number of robberies has increased dramatically. A new law has
been implemented (due to).

……………………………………..……

14. People don’t spend so much money nowadays. Toy shops haven’t sold
as many toys as they expected (because).………………………………………..

15. The rate of unemployment will rise. Lots of factories are closing down
(since).………………………………..
 68

16. The government has passed too strict anti-crisis laws. The popularity
of the government has fallen (due to).

………………………………………

17. Mother won’t forgive him. Peter lied about his school marks (because).

………………………………………

18. There’s an underground strike today. We’re walking to work (owing

to).……………………………………

19. He swallowed a fishbone. Granddad had to go to the hospital

(since)……………………………………

20. Prices are higher and higher. It’s hard for people to save money
(because)………………………………

22. Our flight was canceled. We missed Thanksgiving dinner (because

of).……………………………………………

23. Most of the shopping Mary had done was useless to make the dish I
wanted. We had to phone for a pizza (as)…………………………………………

24. The passengers had to leave the airport terminal. There was a bomb
threat (due to).……………………………………
 69

25. Anti-smoking laws don’t allow people to smoke in pubs. Bartenders say
they have fewer customers (because).……………………………………………

26. Most seaside resorts in Spain are spoiled. There’s been a lack of urban
planning in these areas (owing to) ……………………………………………

[Link] Managing Director was dismissed. The company made a great

loss (since)…………………………

Student Space:
 70

Linker and Connector Words

Connectors / Linking words are very important because they indicate the

relationship between ideas in sentences and paragraphs. They have

different functions and positions in the sentences. Subordinators are linking

words that join clauses together and are used at the beginning or middle of

a sentence. Sentence connectors are placed at the beginning of a

sentence.

Fill in the gaps with one of the linking words given below. Some can be
repeated.

➔ Neither...nor

➔ Whereas

➔ Besides

➔ Therefore

➔ Both...and

➔ Due to

➔ As

➔ As long as

➔ Even if

➔ Because

➔ If
 71

➔ Not only...but

➔ also

➔ So that

➔ Since

➔ Although

➔ Despite

➔ In case

➔ Nonetheless

➔ Unless

➔ in order to

➔ Because of

1. She does her best at work,________ most of her workmates are very
lazy.

2.___________her salary was so high, she bought a new car every year.

3. ______does telework increase productivity.____ it ______ cuts the

costs of commuting every day.

4. _______ the position you applied for has been filled, we are going to
keep your CV for future reference.
 72

5. Some professionals post their work on the Net,_________people all over the

world can have access to it

6.___________I had a lot of money, I wouldn't invest in this country now.

7._____________she starts coming on time, she will be fired.

8. She wanted to apply for a job in Australia, _____ she studied English
hard.

9.___________he was very tired, he stayed in his office till late to finish his work.

10.____________________________Applicants for this job should speak at

least two other European Languages German.

11.______________________________She refused the job the payment wasn't

satisfactory.

12.______________________________________She arrives early every day, help her

coworkers.

13______________being late, he was able to finish his work in time.

14____________the rise of unemployment, families have worse living conditions.

 73

15. Some employers believe in incentive schemes, ______ they want

their employees to be more productive.

Student Space:
 74

Connectors: Showing Opposition

➔ Although John had a terrible cold, he didn’t miss a single lesson. John
didn’t miss a single lesson although he had a terrible cold.
(Although just connects sentences).

➔ John had a terrible cold. However/Nevertheless, he didn’t miss a

single lesson. (However and nevertheless are always between full

stop and comma or semicolon and Comma).

➔ In spite of having a terrible cold, John didn’t miss a single lesson.

Despite his terrible cold, John didn’t miss a single lesson. (In spite of

may be followed by a noun or a verb+ing / Despitemust be followed

by a noun only and is more formal).

Transform The Sentences Below Using The Words in Brackets:

1. It rained yesterday, but they played a football match. (despite)

_______________

2. Susan often plays tennis, but she never wants to play with me. (in
spite of) _____________
 75

3. Filter coffee tastes much better, but instant coffee is more

convenient. (however) ______________

4. I have help at home but I’m still overworked. (although) ________

5. Judy is interested in modern pop music, but sometimes she listens to

classical music. (however) _______________

6. Mick believes that exams are a matter of luck but he admits he has to do
them. (however) _________

7. Harry is top of the class, but he’s not very popular at school. (although)

______________

8. Mick read the book for the exam, but he failed the test. (in spite of)

____________

9. John lost the match, but he played well. (in spite of) ____________

10. Sally admired Robert, but she was too shy to talk to him. (however)

_____________
 76

11. Joan doesn’t like Tom at all. But she admits he’s a better student than
the rest. (although) ____________

[Link] is essential to a writer, but he needs to master a

technique as well. (although) ___________

13. Examinations are a nuisance for students, but they provide teachers
with valuable information. (however) _________

[Link] people have complained about the refuse collection system.

But the Council won’t consider changing it. (despite) __________

15. People know a seat belt may save their lives, but many of them don’t
wear it. (in spite of) __________

16. I like to ask him for advice, but most of the time I don’t follow it.
(however) _____________

17. Stan is prejudiced against pop singers, but he realizes that most
people like them. (despite) ___________

[Link] had had a bitter argument a few years before, but she invited
him to her wedding. (despite)_________.
 77

Complex Sentence

A complex sentence is a combination of an independent clause (simple

sentence) and a dependent clause. The dependent clause starts with a

subordinating conjunction.

Some of the most common ones can be seen below:

● after

● although

● as soon as

● because

● before

● if

● since

● though

● unless

● until

● when

● whereas

● while

Look at the examples, and then write some complex sentences yourself.

● I’m learning English because I think it is important.

 78

● Although John didn’t study hard, he did very well on the test.

● I always eat local food when I’m on holiday.

● We had lunch at KFC before visiting the museum.

● I’ll tell Jane the good news as soon as I see her.

Now use your imagination and write a few more complex sentences.
Examples :

1. ………………………………...

2. …………………………………

3. ……………………………….

4. …………………………………

5. …………………………………
 79

Complex Sentence With Letter

1. Definition:

A complex sentence has two clauses that are of different significance in the

sentence.

The more important clause is an independent clause; it can stand alone as

a sentence.

The less important clause is a dependent clause; it cannot stand alone as a

sentence.

E.g.: Before he makes a decision , he always asks his parents’ opinion.

Dependent clause Independent clause

2. Forming Complex Sentences with Subordinators:

Subordinators join 2 simple sentences by making one sentence a

dependent clause. If a subordinator stands at the beginning of a sentence,

place a comma between the 2 clauses. If a subordinator stands in the

middle of a sentence, do NOT use a comma.

 80

N Relationship Subordinator Example

1. Time After, before, since, When I came home, dinner

until, when was ready.

2. Cause As, because I like English because it is

interesting.

3. Effect So that, in order She prepares dinner so that

that her mom can rest.

4. Condition If, even if, unless If I win the competition, my

parents will be proud.

5. Contrast Although, even Though he didn’t go to college,

though, though he was successful.

6. Location Where, wherever The wedding was held where

they first met.

3. Forming Complex Sentences with Relative Pronouns:

A relative pronoun introduces a dependent clause that describes a

pronoun that goes before it.

Relative Refer to Example

Pron.

7. Who People as He is the man who bought the car.

subjects
 81

8. Whom People as She is the woman whom he loves.

objects

9. Whose Possessive form He is the boy whose father passed

away a few years ago.

10. Which Things, We spent our summer at the

situations beach, which was wonderful.

11. That Things or The big blue building is the house

people that is haunted.

12. What The thing which This present is exactly what I hoped

for on my birthday.

Activity 2:

● Work for 15 minutes.

● Imagine that you are members of a family. You have a neighbor

named Edward who lives next door. He is a single man, plays very

loud rock music and often throws overnight parties. Due to this, your

family is unable to sleep and the children cannot concentrate on their

studies. You have talked to him several times, but nothing’s changed.

You decide to write him a letter to complain about his behavior and to

ask him to end it.

 82

● Write the first draft of your letter in simple sentences. The letter should

be no longer than 8 sentences.

● Now work as a group to combine as many sentences as you can with

subordinators and relative pronouns.

Dear Edward,

I am writing to

...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………..
 83

Complex Sentences - II

1. Conditionals:

Choose the correct alternatives

1. As soon as / If you arrive, will you call me?

2. If / Unless you eat better food, you won’t get sick.

3. As soon as / Unless you work harder, you won’t pass the exam.

4. If / when you wake up tomorrow, you will see snow.

5. As soon as / If she liked that book, she will love this one!

6. If / Unless we find a taxi right now, we’ll miss the plane.

7. Unless/if I see Dave, I will tell him you called.

8. When / Unless you go on holiday, will you send me a postcard?

9. If / Unless you take an umbrella, you won’t get wet.

10. When / Unless you get home we’ll watch a DVD

2. Conditionals:

Match the two halves

1. If the student gets under

50% in the final exam,
2. We won’t give you a refund,
 84

3. If you have a problem remembering names,

4. We will continue to deliver the magazine,

5. The committee will inform you, When you subscribe to [Link],

6. The taxi will pick you up,

a. as soon as it makes its decision

b. we will email you a secret password

c. when you finish work

d. unless you tell us that you no longer wish to receive it

e. unless you bring the receipt

f. they won’t be able to move to the next level of the class

g. you will benefit from the course in Memory Development

3. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. U two
to four words.

1. Unless we eat early, there won’t be any food left. (if)___________________eat

early, there won’t be any food left.

2. Immediately after you arrive, you will receive a ticket. (as) You will receive a
ticket______________you arrive.

3. It’s not necessary for us to book a place on the course. (have)

 85

We____________________book a place on the course.

4. If I drink too much coffee, I will be awake all night (be)________________able to

sleep if I drink too much coffee.

5. It’s a good idea to call the office first. (phone) We______________________the

office first.

6. Playing ball games is forbidden here. (mustn’t)

You____________________ball games here.

7. She can take the test if she wants to, but it isn’t obligatory. (have)She

__________________the test.

8. He won’t come to the meeting unless it’s really necessary. (come)He

___________________to the meeting if it’s really necessary.

9. You should wash your hands before you eat (eat) You ____________

before washing your hands.

10._____________________________When I leave university, I’ll

go abroad immediately. (soon) I’ll go abroad I leave
university.
 86

4. Conditional

Match the sentence halves to make correct conditional sentences.

1. If we hadn’t missed the plane, a. I’d take a six-month holiday.

2. If you don’t like Coldplay, b. We wouldn’t have se

Coldplay.

3. Provided you pay for the tickets, c. We will be on holiday now.

4. If I had plenty of money d. I’ll go to the concert with

you.
5. If we’d gone to the concert e. I can have an extra week

holiday.

6. As long as I work overtime, f. You shouldn’t have boug

tickets for their show.

7. Unless you pay for it, g. We would have seen the ban

8. If we hadn’t managed to get t h. I won’t go to the concert wi

tickets, you.

5. Complete the sentences with the correct words.

1.____________________________________________I’ll go to the party you agree to

come with me.
a. Unless b. As long as c. If not
 87

2. If we___________________________stuck in this traffic jam, we would be there by

now.

a. Didn’t get b. Don’t get c. Hadn’t got

3. If the film hadn’t ended so late, we_______________________the last bus home.

a. Would miss b. Wouldn’t have missed c. Don’t miss

4. We’ll give you a refund___________________back the receipt

a. If you bring b. If you brought c. Unless you bring

5. If she isn’t at home, ______________ the invitation through the letter

box.

a. You would put b. Put c. You have put

6. If I___________________________to a part-time job, I’d have a lot more time with

the children.

a. Changed b. Will change c. Had changed

7. If you’ve lived there all your life, you__________________________how beautiful it

is.

a. Will already knowb. Had already known c. Already knew

8. If we’d arrived earlier, we________________________the film starts arriving.

 88

a. Might see b. Saw c. Might have seen

9. You mustn’t use that expensive mobile phone ___________ it’s a real
emergency.

a. If b. When c. Unless

10._________________________Darren in the winning team if he hadn’t broken

his leg.
a. Wasn’t b. Could have been c. Can be

Student Space:
 89

Reported Speech

ORDERS AND REQUESTS - Introducing verbs: order, tell, ask.

● The teacher ordered the children to look at the blackboard.

● Her mother told Sue not to leave her things all over the place

● My little brother asked me to take him out to the park.

● The boy told his mother to give him something to eat

● The dentist asked Mr. Jones not to close his mouth.

Exercise 1

1. ‘Kevin, don’t touch my things again’ – his brother said _____________

2. ‘Can you lend me your car for the weekend, Mum?’ – Cathy
Said______________

3.- ‘Leave your umbrellas outside the museum, please’ – the guide said

______________

4. ‘Don’t park here, sir’ – the policeman said ____________

5. ‘Could you show me that blue sweater in the shop window, please?’ –
the woman said ___________
 90

6. ‘Will you come with me to Susan’s party, John?’ – Mary said

__________

7. ‘Will you please not come with your dog into the restaurant?’ – the waiter
said _________________

8. ‘Don’t say anything to your parents, ok?’ – she said ____________

9. ‘Send me a copy of the contract, will you?’ – the lawyer told Mr. Smith

______________

10. ‘Please, show me the photographs’ – she said ______________

11. ‘Stop smoking’ – the doctor told him _____________

12. ‘Never unlock this

door!’ – he told his assistant ______________

STATEMENTS- Introducing verbs: say, tell, explain, think, etc.

● The secretary told me that Mr. Jones was out that morning.

● The clerk explained to me that I had to fill in that form and submit it in

the office upstairs.

● The clerk told his wife that he had been promoted

● The girl said that she knew the answer

 91

Exercise 2

1. ‘I think there is a bus at five o’clock’ – my brother said ___________

2. ‘She broke the glasses when she was washing them’ – he said

______________

3. ‘They can’t come because they are busy’ – Susan said

_______________

4. ‘I’ll do my homework tomorrow’ – the child told his mother

______________

5. ‘We have been to Paris twice’ – she said _______________

6. ‘The boys are playing in the garden now’ – she said ____________

7. ‘I don’t know your new boyfriend’ – she told Sheila ____________

8. ‘Someone brought a parcel for you last week’ – she told me

____________

9. ‘Mary, your glasses are on the table’ – her mother said

___________

10. ‘Tom is having dinner with us next Saturday’ – he said __________

 92

QUESTIONS - Introducing verbs: ask, wonder, want to know.

● “ What’s your name and address, sir? “

The policeman wanted to know what my name and address were.

● “Where’s my coffee? “

He wondered where his coffee was.

● “Are you coming to my party next Friday, Susan? “

She asked Susan if she was coming to her party the following Friday.

● “Did you see the match last night?“

He asked me if I had seen the match the night before.

● “How many miles have we run? “

She wanted to know how many miles they had run.

Exercise 3

1. ‘Where do you live, Mr. Sallies?’ – the policeman asked __________

2. ‘Are you busy, Tom?’ – Mary asked _____________

3. ‘Have you seen my brother?’ – she asked me ____________

4. ‘How are you going to Italy?’ – he asked me ____________

 93

5. ‘Do you like classical music, Sue?’ – I asked___________

6. ‘How much did you pay for that car?’ – he asked me ___________

7. ‘When are you going on holiday?’ – she asked her brother

________________

8. ‘Did you close the windows last night, Terry?’ – his mother asked

___________

9. ‘Why are you still in bed?’ – I asked her _____________

10. ‘Who is that man?’ – she wondered

______________

11. ‘Did you buy those flowers, Mum?’ – the girl asked _____________

12. Whose CDs are these? – he wondered ________

 94

Direct Speech

Anna told us that she had finished.

‘I’ve finished’ – Anna told us

The little girl asked Susan if she was staying there all summer.

‘Are you staying here all summer, Susan? – the little girl asked

The teacher told the children not to write on the blackboard.

‘Don’t write on the blackboard, children’ – the teacher said

Exercise 4

1. Mary asked me where exactly I lived______________

2. Bill said he was going to be late._____________

3. David said he had to be back by 3.30.______________

4. Carol asked Ann what she had done the day before.___________
 95

5. Kate asked me how many books I had read. _________

6. My teacher asked me if I would go to school the following day.

7. Helen said she was going shopping ._________

8. Paul said that he wanted to make a phone call.___________

9. Tina told the teacher she had forgotten to do her homework

.___________

10. She said she liked swimming but she didn’t go very often.

______________

Student Space:
 96

Phrasal Verbs

● Complete the sentences using one of the words below.

● You may need to make some changes to the sentences.

● Choose from the following words

1. after

2. apart

3. around

4. away

5. back

6. down

7. for

8. into

9. off

10. on

11. out

12. over

13. through

14. to

15. up
 97

1.__________________________________________________Thanks for buying my ticket.

I'll pay you________________________________________on Friday.

2. One day that bully will pay___________being mean to my little brother.

3. I’ve picked_________three sweaters for you to try on.

4. I'll point to my boyfriend___________when he runs by.

5. You can put the groceries____________on the kitchen table.

6. We are putting__________our trip until January because of the weather.

7. The neighbors managed to put _____ the fire before the firemen
arrived.

8. I don't think I can put _____ with three small children in the car for an
hour.

9. Don't forget to put_________your new earrings on for the party.

10._______________I ranan old school-friend in town yesterday.

11._____________________________I accidentally ran your bicycle in the driveway.

12.________________________Let's run these lines one more time before the show.

13.________________________The child ran from home and has been missing for
three days.

14.____________________We ran of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with

soap.
 98

15.____________________________My letter got sent to me because I used the

wrong stamp.

16._________________________________Our boss set a meeting with the president of

the company.

17.__________________________I want to shop a little before I decide on these

boots.

18. He likes showing ______ in front of girls especially when he’s driving
his new car.

19. You should sleep ______ tonight if the weather is too bad to drive
home.

20. In the winter I usually sort my cupboards ______ and throw away
what I don’t need.

21.________________________________________You will lose weight if you stick the

diet.

[Link] light's too bright. Could you switch it___________, please?

[Link] heard the news as soon as we switched__________the car radio.

24. I take___________my mother. We are both impatient.

25. He took the car brakes____________and found what the problem was.
 99

Phrasal Verb Review

A – Choose The Best Option For Each Of The Following Sentences:

1._________________________________________________That was a difficult test to ,

wasn’t it?

a) Get by b) get through c) get on

2. The thief____________________from the police.

a) Got by b) got out c) got away

3. He___________________his operation very quickly.

a) Got over b) got through c) got on

4. Sally____________________on £500 A MONTH.

a) Gets on with b) gets off c) gets by

5. I really _________well___________________Janet.

a) Get on with b) get on along c) get together

6, I_______________of class at 3:30.

a) Got off b) get out c) get away

7. Come on,_______________! Let’s go!

a) Get through b) get in c) get by

8. Jerry_______________________at 29TH street.

a) Got off b) got on c) got back

9. I____________________at ten this morning.

a) Got up b) got in c) got away

 100

10._______________________________________________I ____________ my books

_______________________________________________from Tom.

a) Got, over b) got, along c) got, back

B - Complete The Sentences Using The Phrasal Verbs From The Box:

Get Away – Get By – Get In – Get Off – Get Out – Get On With –

Get Over – Get Through – Get Back – Get Up

1. How do you______________________________your cousins?

2. You will_______________________________your ex boyfriend.

3. Hurry,____________the car, the fire traffic light has just turned to green.

4. It’s difficult to_______________________________with only10 dollars a day.

5. Stand up! We have to________________________at the next bus stop.

6. My mother helped me_______________________the examination.

7. The criminal robbed the bank but he won’t____________________easily.

8. She usually__________________________________of bed at seven.

9. What time do you__________________________at weekends?

10._________________________________________________________________If you lend

him money, you will never __________ it______________________.
 101
Holidays and Travel

Exercise 1:

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from
below

The best way to learn new phrasal verbs is to learn them in context rather

than memorizing a long list with definitions. It is important to practice using

phrasal verbs in context as much as possible.

Instruction: use the phrases below and complete the sentences, but

remember to change the form of the phrase. The 1st one has been done for

you.

● check-in/ into

● drop off

● TAKE OFF

● getaway

● take in

● see off

● hold up

● eat out

● set off
 102

● book up/out

● pack up

● check out

● touch down

● stop off

● chill out

● come back

● look around

● pick up

● go back

● stopover

Example:

1.I have a fear of flying, so I get very nervous when the plane TAKES
OFF and lands.

Example explained: See how the word TAKE OFF has been changed to TAKES
OFF? Continue to do the following exercise in the same manner.

2. I hope you're having a great time, but when are you____________________? I

miss you!
 103

3. I cannot wait to go on holiday and to just_____________________by the pool

and sip a cocktail.

4. They ___________ on their journey at 7am and arrived at their

destination at 10pm.

5. I haven't had a break in months, I'm dying to __________________

even just for a weekend.

6. Let's climb to the top of the hill and______________________________the view.

7. We had to_______________________________in Dubai for 1 night on the way to

Australia.

8. I love sampling the local cuisine when I travel, so I__________________in

traditional restaurants a lot.

9. My mum came to the airport to _______ me_________before I flew here. I

won't see her for a year.

10. I enjoyed New York City when I visited, but I wouldn't

_____________________________as it was too busy for me.

 104

11. You'd better your bags

tonight. Our flight leaves very early in the morning.

12._________________________________________________________________Let's spend
the first day of our trip___________________________________________the town

and sightseeing.

13._____________________________________We can the hotel early for no extra

charge.

14. The airport shuttle bus will __________________ you

__________________________outside the hotel at 3pm tomorrow.

15. I tried to reserve a table at Ciao Bella restaurant, but it was all

__________________

[Link] we ____________________for lunch on the way to break up

the journey?

17. I asked the bus driver to__________________________________us

_____________________________at the nearest stop to the hostel.

18. We have until 2pm to __________________ of the hostel, so we

have time to pack up tomorrow.
 105

19. Sorry we're late. The plane __________________ at 2pm as

scheduled, but we were __________________ in traffic on the
motorway.

Exercise 3:

Remember your experiences. Choose at least 8 questions. Spend 30

seconds on each question and talk to your trainer about it.

1. Where was the last hotel/hostel you checked into?

2. Have you ever been charged extra for checking out of a hotel/hostel late?

3. Have you ever wanted to stay somewhere, but all the hotels/hostels
were booked up/out?

4. Have you ever traveled to a far-away destination? Did you have to stop
over in another country on the way? How long did you have to wait for the

next flight?

5. When you were younger, did your parents used to drop you off and pick
you up at school, or did you take public transport?

6. How far in advance do you pack up before you go on holiday?

[Link] you get nervous when your plane takes off or touches down?

8. Has a flight you have taken ever been delayed? How long were you held
up?
 106

9. Do you take a lot of photos while traveling, or do you prefer to relax and
take in the views?

10. Is there anywhere you have visited before that you would go back to?
Where?

11. Do you spend a lot of time looking around the local area when you go
on holiday, or do you prefer to spend your time at the beach?

[Link] you usually eat out while on holiday? Do you like to try the typical
local dishes?

[Link] you planning to get away for a holiday or a city break this year?
Where are you going?

[Link] you prefer doing activities and sports on holiday, or would you rather
chill out on the beach?

15. When did you first travel without your family? Did they see you off at
an airport or train/bus station? Were you scared or excited?
 107

Exercise 4:

Complete the phrasal verbs in the sentences with the missing

prepositions.

1._________________________________________________When we checked the hotel,

the receptionist

gave us a map of the local area.

2. The plane was held __________________ because of the bad

weather.

3. The weather was lovely when we set________________________________but

when we arrived at the beach it started to rain.

4. I stopped_________________on the way home to buy milk and bread.

5. The train leaves in an hour and you haven't packed _____________

your things yet. Hurry up!

6. I couldn't get a direct flight, so I had to stop_______________________in Paris

for one night.

 108

7. There was no oven in the apartment, so we had to eat ____________

every night.

8. The hostel was filthy, and the beach was too crowded. I definitely
wouldn't go_____________________________ .

9. We're not going out later. We're just going to chill__________________the

terrace and take______________________________the views.

10.I was so relieved when the plane finally touched____________. It had been

such a turbulent flight.

11. Don't forget to leave the key for the room at reception when you are
checking __________________

12. We need to organize accommodation now, or all the hotels will be

booked as July is very busy.

13. We spent
the last day looking the old
town, shopping for souvenirs.

14. I'm coming __________________ on Sunday. Can you pick me

______________________________from the station?

 109

15. Let's get __________________ for a few days. I really need a

change of scenery.

16. My friend is moving to London. I'm going to the airport to see her

_____________________________tomorrow.

[Link] air hostess told me to fasten my seatbelt because the plane was
about to take_____________________________ .

Exercise 5-A:

Match the phrasal verb to their definitions

1. check in/ into

2. book out/up

3. see off

4. stop over

5. drop off

6. check out

7. hold up

8. touch down

9. take in
 110

10. eat out

A. enjoy/spend time looking at a scenic view

B. sell all tickets to an event or fill all rooms in a hotel/hostel

C. eat in a restaurant/cafe

D. to delay /make someone wait

E. when a plane lands at its destination

F. inform reception of your departure at your hotel

G. go to say goodbye to sb and watch them leave

H. drive sb/sth to a place and leave them there

I. inform a hotel reception/airline of your arrival

J. stay at a place for a short time,on the way to your destination/home.

Exercise 5-B:

Match the phrasal verb to their definitions

1. come back

2. take off

3. pick up

4. look around

5. chill out

6. stop off
 111

7. get away

8. go back

9. set off

10. pac

A. collect sb/sth

B. fill your suitcase with your clothes for a trip

C. return to a place you have been before

D. return from a trip

E. relax and avoid any stressful tasks

F. start a journey

G. when a plane departs and flies into the air

H. take a break and go on holidays

I. stop briefly, in a place on the way to your destination

J. explore a new town/city by walking around its street

 112
Idioms

1. John is a couch potato. Do not disturb while he's resting!

2. I'm an early bird. I love to get up early in the morning

3. Bill is a fair-weather friend. Just ask for help and he's gone

4. Patrick is a daredevil, he's always doing dangerous stunts.

5. What a crybaby your brother is! He cries for no reason at all!

6. You know what they say, jack of all trades master of none.

7.I'm a night owl, I hate to go to bed!

8. She's got a heart of gold, she's really a great person

9. Oh that's Jake all right! He's a real troublemaker and he thinks he's the
class clown.

10. His grandfather is as old as the hills!

11. That Mary is a real pain in the neck. I wish she hadn't come with us

[Link] children were as good as gold with the new babysitter - believe it
or not!

[Link] Susie is a real whizz kid. She could use a mobile phone at 2 and a
computer at 2.

14 Peter is a barrel of laughs, he never stops telling jokes!

[Link] is the black sheep of the family; he's always getting into trouble.

16. That's Mrs. McFly, the neighborhood busybody, always spying on

everyone!

17. Mr. Everton is a fat cat! He's really rich and powerful
 113

18. That Cathy! What a chatterbox! She never stops talking

19. My chemistry teacher is nutty as a fruitcake. Some days he dresses

and talks like Einstein

20. What a cheapskate. He won't even order a coffee at a café, he drinks

water!

21. Never get in a car with Uncle Harry. He's a backseat driver and will
keep giving you orders.

[Link]'s a real worrywart, he worries about every little thing

23. Watch out! Your new boss is a slimeball! He treats everyone badly and
can't be trusted

24. He's not a good choice for a friend, he's a real cold fish and not much
fun either.

25. You're going to the dance with Stan!? He's such an oddball and he
can't dance either.

26. My little brother is a real copycat! Everything you do or say, he copies

27. His uncle is an armchair critic. He has an opinion on subjects he knows

nothing about.

Meaning:

1. couch potato -someone who is lazy and watches a lot of TV

2 early bird - someone who likes getting up early in the morning

3. fair-weather friend -someone who is a good friend when everything is

fine

4 daredevil - someone who takes unnecessary risks

 114

5. crybaby - someone who cries a lot and for no good reason-not a real
baby

6. jack of all trades - someone who can do many things 192 very well

[Link] owl - someone who loves to stay up late

8. heart of gold - a really good person

9. troublemaker/class clown - the first causes trouble and the second

makes everyone laugh

10 old as the hills - someone who is very old

11 pain in the neck - someone who is really annoying and causes you a lot
of aggravation.

12. good as gold - children who are very well behaved

13.A whizz - someone who is really good at something like computers or

math

14. barrel of laughs - someone who is very funny

15. black sheep - the bad egg in the family the one who is always in trouble

16. busybody - someone who has his/her nose in everyone else's business

17. fat cat - someone who is rich and Successful-usually old

18. chatterbox - someone who talks nonstop

19. nutty as a fruitcake - someone who is a bit crazy

20. cheapskate - someone who hates to spend money

21 backseat driver - someone who gives orders when you are driving

[Link] - someone who worries about every little thing

[Link] - an awful person who is also untrustworthy

 115

24. cold fish - a cold-hearted person

25. oddball - a weirdo, a strange person

26. copycat - someone who copies others

27 armchair critic - someone who criticizes others usually without knowing

anything.

Write True or False:

1. Daredevils are terrified of everything

2. A fair-weather friend is a good friend

3. A fat cat is rich and powerful

4. A cheapskate is stingy

5. A backseat driver is helpful

6. A slimeball is someone to avoid

7.A whizz kid is very smart.

8. A chatterbox is the silent type,

9. An armchair critic writes reviews

10. A busybody minds his own business.

11. A couch potato loves watching TV.

12. A cold fish is very emotional

 116

Circle the correct option:

1. Someone who causes you a lot of problems.

a whizz kid b. pain in the neck c. early bird

2. The person you'd like to take to a party

a. a cold fish b. early bird c. barrel of laughs

3. The member of your family who's always in trouble.

a black sheep b. crybaby c. worrywart

4. What mothers often are.

a. daredevils b. worrywarts c. couch potatoes

5. What teenagers often are,

a. cold fish b. couch potatoes c. carly birds

6. Take this person clubbing

a. an early bird b. a fat cat c. night owl

7. Not a good idea to take this person to the library.

a. chatterbox b. night owl [Link]

 117

8. The last person you'd expect to buy you coffee

a couch potato b. worrywart [Link]

Weather Idioms

● see which way the wind blows

● come rain or shine

● under the weather

● take a rain check

● save up for a rainy day

● the lull before the storm

● be snowed under

● steal someone’s thunder

1. Complete The Sentences Using One The Idioms From Above:

a. She seems to be a little __________________. She looks rather

pale.

b. The farmer is always working on his farm________________________!

c. I really don’t want to go to the cinema. Can I_______________________on it?

d. It’s going to be a terrible week of work. This week is just__________________.

 118

e. Don’t ask your father to go out!_______________________before asking him!

f. I can’t waste money on useless things. I will_____________________________.

g. My friend is_____________________________________at work.

h. I really don’t like her attitude! She will ______________ if you wear
that skirt tonight at the party.

Student Space:
 119
Writing Practice

You are going to write about your last big holiday when you went on a trip.

Think about the following before you start writing:

● Where did you go? When did you go? Who did you go with?

● How did you get there? How long did you stay?

● What was the weather like? Where did you stay?

● What did you do during the day? In the evening?

● Have you been there before?

● Did you enjoy the holiday? Why (not)?

● Would you go back or recommend it to others?

Now it’s time to write. Use the ideas from above and write about your last

trip. You can illustrate your story with pictures or drawings if you want.
 120
Converversation Cards - To Practice Speaking

Let’s talk about you

What's your name?/ What's your surname? / What's your

Q1 nickname?

Q2 What do you do?/ Why do you like doing it?

What's your favorite kind of music?/ Which bands do you

Q3 like?

Q4 What's your favorite day of the week? Why?

Q5 What do you do in your free time?

How often do you eat out? What's your favorite

Q6 restaurant?

Q7 Do you have any brothers or sisters? Talk about them.

Q8 Do you have a pet? Talk about it.

Q9 What's your phone number? /What's your email address?

Q10 What's your favorite month of the year? Why?

Q11 What do you usually do on Saturdays?

How often do you go to the cinema? / What's your

Q12 favorite kind of movie?
 121

Q13 Where do you live? / How did you get here?

Q14 What's your favorite food? / What's your favorite drink?

When is your birthday? / What do you usually do on your

Q15 birthday?

Q16 What's your favorite sport? / How often do you play it?

How often do you go on holiday? / Where do you like

Q17 going?

Let’s talk about SPORTS

Q1 What's your favorite sport?/ How often do you play it?

Q2 Which sport would you like to try? Explain why.

Playing sports or computer games? / Which do you

Q3 prefer? Why?

Q4 Have you ever been to a sports match? Talk about it.

Q5 Do you prefer individual or team sports? Explain why.

Do you think famous sports players are overpaid?

Q6 Explain.

How many hours of sports do (did) you have in school?

Q7 Is (was) this enough?
 122

Which sports have you played? Which one did you enjoy
Q8 the most?

Is there a sports center near your home? How often do

Q9 you go there?

Q10 Do you prefer playing or watching sports? Explain.

Name 3 sports played with a ball. Explain the rules for

Q11 one.

Q12 Name 3 winter sports. Have you tried any?

Name 3 team sports and 3 individual sports. Explain the

Q13 rules for one.

Q14 Which sports do you think are dangerous? Why?

Which sports are popular in your country? Talk about

Q15 them.

Have you ever won an award or medal in a sports

Q16 competition? Talk about it.

Q17 Who is your favorite sports personality? Why?

Which sports is your country good at? Name the most

Q18 famous players.
 123

Let’s talk about SUPERLATIVES

What is the biggest country in the world? Where is it?

Q1 What are its neighbors?

What's the longest river in the world? In Asia? In North

Q2 and South America? In Europe?

Which is the biggest bird in the world? Where does it

Q3 live? Describe it.

What's the biggest city in the world? What's the biggest

Q4 city in your country?

Q5 What's the smallest country in the world? Where is it?

What's the hardest substance on Earth? What is it used

Q6 for?

Q7 Which is the most populous country in the world?

What's the biggest animal in the world? Where does it

Q8 live? What does it eat?

Which is the fastest animal on land? Describe it. Which

Q9 is the fastest in the sky?

What's the largest desert in the world? Where is it? What

Q10 animals live there?

Which country is the most popular tourist destination in

Q11 the world? Guess. Say why.
 124

What's the biggest continent? What's the coldest?

Q12 What's the driest?

Which is the highest mountain in the world? In Europe?

Q13 In South America? In Africa?

What's the biggest land animal? Where does it live?

Q14 What does it eat?

Q15 Which is the biggest ocean in the world? Where is it?

What's the highest building in the world? What's the

Q16 highest one in your country?

Who's the richest person on Earth? How much money

Q17 does he have? Guess.

What's the best-paid job? What's the worst-paid job?

Q18 Brainstorm and discuss.

Student Space:
 125

Grammar Meets Conversation: Where's my

pencil?

Complete the questions with the correct question words.

1.........................................Does your father like job?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

2. Why do dogs wag.............tails?

a. your b. its c. our d. their

3. Where does your mother get............hair done?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

4. Do your grandparents still live in..........own house?

a. my b. your c. our d. their

5. Have you seen..............pencil? I can't find it.

a. my b. your c. her d. his

6. Do you like......English teacher?

a. my b. her C. our d. their

[Link]'s the most important person in......life?

a. my b. your C. its d. their

 126

8. Do you ever copy.............homework?

a. my b. your c. our d. their

9. What would you do if...........house burnt down?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

10..............................................................Do you think the Prime Minister likes

..............................................................................job?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

11..................................................................What do you call a boy who has lost

....................................................................................parents?

a. my b. your c. her d. His

12...........................................Have you ever broken leg?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

13..............................................................Does your grandmother ever lose false

teeth?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

14.............................................................Can your government still pay

............................................................................debts?

a. my b. your c. its d. his

15...................................................................What would the teacher do if we

hid...............................................................................bag?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

16.......................................................What's the biggest planet in solar

system?

a. my b. your C. our d. their

17.................................................Is there anything stuck in teeth?

a. my b. our c. its d. their

18........................................................How long has your father had car?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

 127

19.............................................How often do you polish shoes?

a. my b. your c. her d. his

20. How can you try to improve.........English?

a. my b. your c. our d. Their

Student Space:
 128

Grammar Meets Conversation: How often do you...?

Complete the questions with the correct question words.

1.....................................How often do you to the cinema?

a. go b. see c. visit d. watch

2. How often do you............shopping?

a. buy b. do c. go d. go to

3. How often do you............eggs for breakfast?

a. cooks b. eaten c. have d. swallow

4. How often do you.............your teeth?

a cleaned b. brush c. polish d. whitening

5. How often do you...........aerobics?

a. do b. go c. play d. dance

6. How often do you........the Internet?

a. connect b. play c. surf d. watch

[Link] often do you...........your bicycle?

a. cycle b. play c. practise d. ride

8. How often do you..........volleyball?

a. do b. go c. play d. practise
 129

9. How often do you.......by train?

a. drive [Link] c. move d. travel

10.......................................How often do you your email?

a. check b. log on c. reply d. send

11..................................How often do you to Facebook?

a. check b. log on c. play d. sign up

12....................................How often do you for viruses?

a. delete b. detect c. scan d. watch

13.....................................How often do you online games?

a. log on b. play C. surf d. sign up

14 How often do you..........a computer?

a. check b. play C. Surf d. use

15......................................How often do you fast food?

a. go b. order с. рау. d. eating

16....................................How often do you your grandparents?

a. meeting b. saw c. visit d. wrote a letter

17...................................How often do you a horse?

a. drive b. eat c. ride d. sail

18. How often do you…… your shoes?

a. brush b. polish c. sweep d. wash

19.......................................How often do you before 6 AM?

a. get up b. stay up c. stand up d. woke up

 130

20. How often do you...........your parents?

a. argue with b. disagree for c. fight on d. go under

Student Space:
 131

Improving Your English Through Reading (Basic)

Passage 1:

Opera refers to a dramatic art form originating in Europe. Both vocal and

instrumental music, as well as words, are used in opera to express the

emotional content to the audience. In contrast, the actor's dramatic

performance is what matters most in musical theater, while the music is

generally considered secondary. The fundamental components of theater,

such as scenery, costumes, and acting, are used to depict the drama in

opera. The opera's libretto, or words, are sung as opposed to spoken. A

musical group that can range in size from a small instrumental group to a

big symphonic orchestra plays in tandem with the singers.

I. Answer the following questions using information from the above

passage.

1. Where did opera originate?

2. What are the basic components of theater?

 132

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The two types of music in an opera include______________.

2. The______________is considered the most important in musical theater.

3. The libreatto is sung rather than__________________.

III. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text passage.

1. Arise

2. Verbal

3. Convey

4. Distinction

5. Display

6. Coupled

Passage 2:

While it is never claimed by naval architects that a ship is invulnerable, the

Estonia, a passenger and automobile ferry, should have never sunk in the

Baltic. It had been carefully constructed and maintained. The right number

of lifeboats were on board. The day before its tragic departure, a full
 133

inspection had taken place. However, the Estonia turned over and

drowned in a chilly night time storm hours later. The majority of those on

the ferry, trapped in their dark, overflowing cabins, had no time to run to

safety as it went down so quickly. Only 139 people managed to make it on

the lifeboat and survived. Before the rescuers could pull the rest from the

chilly sea, they all passed away from hypothermia. 912 individuals were

ultimately counted as dead.

I. Answer the following questions using information from the above

passage.

1. Where did Estonia sink?

2. What condition did the inspection find Estonia in?

3. How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

III. Find the blanks:

1. The Estonia was a ferry.

2. Estonia was turned over due to a .

3. 139 people managed to the sinking.

 134

III. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text passage.

1. Unassailable

2. Drown

3. Cautiously

4. Sad

5. Correct

6. Freezing

Student Space:
 135

Improving Your English Through Reading

(Intermediate)

King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette ruled France from 1774 to 1789, a

time when the country was fighting bankruptcy. The royal couple did not let

France’s insecure financial situation limit their immoderate spending,

however. Even though the minister of finance repeatedly warned the king

and queen against wasting money, they continued to spend great fortunes

on their personal pleasure. This lavish spending greatly enraged the

people of France. They felt that the royal couple bought its luxurious

lifestyle at the poor people’s expense.

Marie Antoinette, the beautiful but exceedingly impractical queen, seemed

uncaring about her subjects’ misery. While French citizens begged for

lower taxes, the queen embellished her palace with extravagant works of

art. She also surrounded herself with artists, writers, and musicians, who

encourage the queen to spend money even more profusely.

While the queen’s favorites glutted themselves on huge feasts at the royal

table, many people in France were starving.

 136

The French government taxed the citizens outrageously. These high taxes

paid for the entertainment the queen and her court enjoyed. When the

minister of finance tried to stop these royal spendthrifts, the queen

replaced him. The intense hatred that the people felt for Louis XVI and

Marie Antoinette kept building until it led to the French Revolution. During

this time of struggle and violence (1789-1799), thousands of aristocrats, as

well as the king and queen themselves, lost their lives at the guillotine.

Perhaps if Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had reined in their extravagant

spending, the events that rocked France would not have occurred.

1. The people surrounding the queen encouraged her to spend money

______.

A. wisely

B. abundantly

C. carefully

D. foolishly

E. joyfully

2. The minister of finance tried to curb these royal__________.

A. aristocrats

B. money wasters

C. enemies

D. individuals

E. spenders
 137

3. France’s main problem during this time was__________.

A. famine

B. financial

C. war

D. shipwrecks

E. drought

4. The Royal couple lived in luxury at the expense of____________.

A. poor people

B. merchants

C. soldiers

D. royalty

E. sailors

5. The events described led to the_____________.

A. Independence Movement

B. French Revolution

C. Modernist Movement

D. Civil Rights Movement

E. Women’s Suffrage
 138

Improving Your English Through Reading

(Advanced)

Passage:

The Empty Quarter – An Unexplored Sand Desert

The Arabic name Rub al Khali means “empty quarter.” The name was

given to it because it’s a huge stretch of unbroken sand desert that has

bested kings, adventurers, and nomads for thousands of years. In a region

defined by deserts, the Rub al Khali came to be known for being especially

daunting and inhospitable.

The desert is 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) long, and 500 kilometers (310

miles) wide. Its surface elevation varies from 800 meters (2,600 ft) in the

southwest to around sea level in the northeast. The terrain is covered with

sand dunes with heights up to 250 meters (820 ft), interspersed with gravel

and gypsum plains.

The sand is of a reddish-orange color due to the presence of feldspar.

There are also brackish salt flats in some areas, such as the Umm al

Samim area on the desert’s eastern edge. Sand blows off the surface, of

course, but the

 139

essential shape of the dunes remains intact, probably due to the moisture

leaching up into the base of the dunes from the surrounding sabkhas.

Along the middle length of the desert, there are a number of raised,

hardened areas of calcium carbonate, gypsum, marl, or clay that were

once the site of shallow lakes. These lakes existed during periods from

6,000 to 5,000 years ago and 3,000 to 2,000 years ago. The lakes are

thought to have formed as a result of “cataclysmic rainfall” similar to

present-day monsoon rains and most probably lasted for only a few

years.

Evidence suggests that the lakes were home to a variety of flora and

fauna. Fossil remains indicate the presence of several animal species,

such as hippopotamus, water buffalo, and long-horned cattle. The lakes

also contained small snails, ostracods, and when conditions were suitable,

freshwater clams. Deposits of calcium carbonate and opal phytoliths

indicate the presence of plants and algae. There is also evidence of human

activity dating from 3,000 to 2,000 years ago, including chipped flint tools,

but no actual human remains have been found.

The Empty Quarter receives just 1.2 inches of rain a year. This is a desert that

makes Death Valley and its annual 2.4 inches of rainfall look positively wet!

The area is one of the driest places you can find on earth and subsequently

one of the most sparsely populated. Despite the severe environment of the
 140

Al Rub’ Al Khali desert, several tribes from the Arabian Peninsula have

managed to establish life on its sands. Most tribes that live there do so

close to the edge of the desert. Few roads exist to help settlers find

water spots and oil production centers.

The region is classified as “hyper-arid”, which means that it lacks water for

the growth of plants or the survival of animals. Rainfall is less than 3 cm (1.2

in) every year. The daily temperatures are between 47 °C (117 °F) and 51 °C

(124 °F). Anyone visiting the Rub Al Khali needs to remember to bring plenty

of water. Visitors can enjoy a 4×4 drive in the desert or a camel ride, or

camp out on the dunes.

One of the best experiences in the Empty Quarter is to spend some time

with the Bedouins of the desert. Visitors can enjoy listening to old stories

about Oman, its culture and the desert. This makes it the perfect place to

be if you want to find peace.

 141

Exercises:

I. Determine if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE based on the

information given in the Reading Passage.

1) Rub al Khali is translated as “Empty Quarter” in Arabic.

2) The Umm al Samim contains brackish salt flats.

3) The middle of the desert was once home to shallow lakes.

4) These ancient lakes contained no flora or fauna.

5) The Empty Quarter is sparsely populated.

6) Over 2 inches of rainfall is recorded in the Empty Quarter every year.

7) Human remains have been found in the Empty Quarter.

8) Tribes live close to the desert’s edge.

9) The desert has water spots and oil production centers.

10) The region is harder than the Death valley.

11) Due to high temperatures, visitors need not bring their own
water supplies.

12) Tourists are regaled with the stories of Oman’s past.

 142

II. Complete the following sentences.

1. The sand dunes can reach a height of______________________.

2. The presence of feldspar causes the sand to turn__________________.

3. The dimensions of the desert are___________________________.

4._____________________indicates the presence of animals.

5. There is evidence of ____________ two to three thousand years

ago.

6. The region is home to tribes from____________________.

III. Answer the following questions with a short sentence.

1. What are some suggested tourist activities in the area?

2. Why did the desert come to be called The Empty Quarter?

3. How were the ancient lakes formed?

 143

Learning Through Story Making: Vocabulary Based

(Basic)

I. Describe the events in the following image:

 144

II. Describe the events in the following image:

 145

Learning Through Paintings: Vocabulary Based

(Intermediate)

I. Describe the scene in the painting with the following Vocabulary words:

Winter, Hunter, Pack, Villagers, Skating, Overcast, Exhausted, Glad, Home

 146

II. Describe the scene in the painting with the following Vocabulary words:

Beautiful, White, Ballet, Music, Weather, Sunlight, Window, Practice, Whisper,

Gaze, Longing.
 147

Learning Through Movies: Vocabulary Based

(Advanced)

I. Use the following image sequences to narrate the events of the movie in a
short paragraph.
148
149
150
 151
Answer Keys

1. Articles

1. The couple was sitting on a bench. The man was reading a book
while the woman was knitting.

2. The cheetah is the fastest land animal.

3. What a nice view!

4. We went to the cinema and saw a very funny movie. We really

had a good time!

5. You should take an umbrella, it’s going to rain.

6. My father is a vet and my mum is a teacher.

7. I need a new pair of shoes.

8. What a lovely pair of shoes you have!

9. I am against No article vivisection.

10. The banana I ate this morning was ripe.

11. A dog is a pet she prefers; she thinks it is a faithful animal. I prefer

cats.

12. He went to the theatre to watch a movie.

13. Put the oil in the pan.

14. Go past the school and then it’s on your right. You can’t miss it!

15. The prices have gone up lately.

 152

16. Would you like a cup of tea?

17. They play tennis twice a week.

18. She has a shower every morning.

19. Ann and Rob met by chance on a train.

20. The boy who is sitting in the last row is my brother.

21. Will you pass me the salt, please?

22. The French are said to be presumptuous people.

23. They live in Belgium but they were born in the USA.

24. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

25. We had a romantic dinner cruise on the Seine.

26. The Himalayas form the border between India and the rest of the

Indian the continent.

27. I want to know the truth.

28. Paul plays soccer better than he plays the guitar.

29. I heard on the radio that there had been a terrible earthquake in

California last night.

30. Lynn goes to the university by car; it takes her an hour to get there.

31. Rahul likes to play No Article football.

32. I bought an umbrella yesterday.

33. My sister is learning to play No Article piano in school

34. Please give me a sandwich from your tiffin.

35. I lived on the most busy street in the city.

36. Mumbai is the capital of the state of Maharashtra.

 153

37. My mother's family speaks NO ARTICLE English.

38. An hour of exercise once a day is more than enough.

39. The wall paint in my bedroom is pink.

40. Our neighbors have a son and a daughter.

41. I need a coffee before work.

42. The school in the city is very progressive.

43. Miss Sharma speaks NO ARTICLE Hindi.

44. I borrowed the/a ruler from your pencil box.

45. One of the students waiting for the bus said, "the driver is late

today."

2. Conjunctions

1. My sister and I will go there next week.

2. I like you because you are so kind to me.

3. Peter turns back at me and chuckles.

4. Would you like a Coca-Cola or a Fanta?

5. She broke her leg. yet she managed to walk 2 kilometers.

6. He is not well today therefore he is not going to show up.

7. If you ever come to Denmark, I really want you to visit me.

8. In spite of the fact that she is scared of snakes, she plans to go to

Australia for her next holiday.

 154

9. This is a very nice shirt, but also very expensive.

10. I have more than 2500 tracks on my iPod however I never have time

to listen to any of them.

11. Anyway, being here isn’t bad after all.

12. She is fond of travelling. Therefore she always wants books on

travelling for her birthday.

13. Why do you ask? because you sound as if you are bored!

14. I don’t want to be late for school, therefore I really have to go now.

15. I love chocolate, although I know it isn’t good for me.

16. They decided to get a dog but their son is allergic to animals.

17. He is neither rich nor poor.

18. John is a good skier, but he prefers to play hockey.

19. Unless we do something about it today, it will all be lost.

20. Of course he trusts you. Does he have reasons not to?

21. People liked Rahul because he was truthful.

22. I will call you when I reach home.

23. Of course he trusts you. Does he have reasons not to?

24. Mary brought the food for the party while Shiv supplied the drinks.

25. Unless we do something about it today, it will all be lost.

26. John smokes but his brother doesn’t.

27. Though he worked hard, he did not win.

28. Jane works hard whereas her sister is lazy.

29. You must leave at once; otherwise you will be late.

 155

30. The piper played and the children danced.

31. I like him because he is sincere.

32. She is ill yet she is cheerful.

33. I visit the Louvre whenever I go to Paris.

34. This is the hotel where we stayed the last time we visited.

35. You won’t pass the exam unless you study.

36. The actors delivered a moving performance as they had rehearsed

well.

37. Write this down lest you forget.

38. Pay attention to your work or you will make mistakes.

39. She’s honest so everyone trusts her.

40. I will return her book when I meet her on Sunday.

41. Suresh is clever but proud

42. I cannot trust you unless you tell me the full story.

43. This is the village where my grandfather grew up.

44. I cannot attend the party as I am unwell.

45. She was unhappy although she was rich.

 156

3. Adverbs and Conjunctions

1. WRITE THE WORDS IN THE LIST BELOW IN THE CORRECT COLUMN:

ADDITION CONTRAS CAUSE RESULT PURPOSE SEQUE

T NCE

Also Although As As a result In order At first

to
And But Because As a result Finally
of So as
As well as Despite Because of Next
(not) to
Consequen
Furthermor Even Due to Then
tly So that
e though
For this
So
In addition However reason

Moreover In spite of Owing to

Neverthel Since
ess
Therefore
On the
one hand/

On the
other
hand
 157

2. Circle the correct option:

1. Nevertheless
2. Therefore
3. Since
4. Due to
5. Moreover
6. In order to
7. Because of
8. As well as
9. As a result of
10. Also
11. In spite of
12. So as not to
13. So
14. As a result

15. At first

16. As a result

17. However

18. Despite

19. In addition

20. As well as
 158

3. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH YOUR OWN WORDS

1. It looked filthy

2. I missed the bus and was late for work

3. It won’t attack other dogs

4. he doesn’t have time to enjoy life

5. the snow

6. He hadn’t been invited

7. You might win, who knows?

8. They split up

9. we cannot accept him for the job

10. Its high price

11. It wasn’t very successful

12. We bought him a present

13. He is always buying new things

14. Nobody else wanted the responsibility

15. The increase in oil prices

16. Make an agreement on their commercial treaty.

4. Scrambled Sentences

1. A bus driver does not drive race cars.

2. Children go to school in the morning.

 159

3. My sister does not work downtown.

4. He eats dinner at night.

5. She baked cakes on the weekend.

6. We have class on Wednesday afternoons.

7. He goes to work at 7 am.

8. In the evening she does her homework

9. He does not wash dishes at lunch.

10. You watch movies in the evenings.

11. Priyanka goes to the gym every day

12. I make pancakes for breakfast

13. The bus leaves in the morning.

14. Tom goes for piano lessons every Friday.

15. The nurse takes care of my grandfather.

16. The baby cries every day.

17. We decorate the house during festivals.

18. Tina goes shopping on weekends.

19. The serial starts at six every evening

20. I wake up at eight every morning.

5. Tense Forms

1. Write the –ing form of the verbs below.

1. Swimming
 160

2. Shining

3. Making

4. Running

5. Decorating

6. Lying

[Link]

8. Choosing

9. Reading

10. Doing

11. Having

12. Wearing

13. Studying

14. Playing

15. Staying

16. Prying

17. Blinking

18. Thinking

19. Locking

20. Shocking
 161

21. Building

[Link]

[Link]

24. Willing

25. Filling

26. Sleeping

[Link]

28. Rotating

[Link]

30. Jumping

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of be.

1. I am working.

2. You are smiling.

3. Tom is eating a pizza.

4. It is raining.

5. We are writing.

6. Kate and Julia are watching a film.

3. Choose the correct item.

1. B
 162

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. A

6. B

4. Write negative sentences.

1. I’m not sitting at the desk.

2. They aren’t playing football.

3. She isn’t eating dinner.

4. You aren’t writing a letter.

5. He isn’t making pizza.

6. Alba isn’t reading a book.

[Link] aren’t discussing the news.

8. She isn’t painting a picture.

9. They aren’t waiting at the bus stop.

10. I’m not driving my car.

5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of be and the –ing forms
from exercise 1.

1. I’m wearing a skirt

 163

2. We are doing gymnastics.

3. My mum is making a cake in the kitchen.

4. Brenda is decorating the Christmas tree.

5. Joe’s at university. He is studying French.

6. Jake and Judy are swimming in the pool.

[Link] is having a shower.

8. The cat is lying by the fire.

9. They are playing chess.

10. Mark is running in the park.

6. Put the words in the correct order to write questions.

1. Is Kate drinking tea?

2. What are your friends eating?

3. Are Dave and Sue playing tennis?

4. Why are you going to bed?

5. What are you doing?

6. Is Sally surfing the Net?

[Link] you cooking dinner?

8. Is he playing football this weekend?

 164

9. Are your friends coming over?

10. Is she traveling by train?

6. Mixed Tenses

1. Where is the baked bread?

2. I’ve just heard that Bob sold his car, did you know?

3. The police stopped him because he was driving too fast.

4. Has that jacket been worn recently?

5. Mary and David bought their house in 2006.

6. The company was created by two brothers in the early 80s.

7. Can I have details of your laptop which was/is advertised in your

latest catalog, please?

8. My mother was cleaning the windows when I arrived.

9. I have repaired the car, you can use it now.

10. He was delayed because of the traffic and arrived too late for the

meeting.

11. The invoices have been checked, so you can send them now.

12. People don’t smoke so much these days.

13. Who invented the telephone?

14. She went to Brussels last week for a meeting.

15. A lot of damage was caused by the storm last month.

16. Two men were arrested last night. They are in prison now.

17. Our products are sold all over the world.

 165

18. They bake the bread every morning.

19. She was wearing a beautiful green dress when I saw her.

20. Normally the streets are cleaned every day.

21. Smoking is prohibited in all bars in France.

22. The car is being repaired at the moment, but it should be ready

tomorrow.

23. Tom was working at this firm as a lawyer before he left.

24. The children were enjoying the zoo trip.

Write the correct present tense form of the verb on the line.

1. Everyone in this class is wearing jeans.

2. Many students study for five or six years.

3. Factories are suffering economically these years.

4. Somebody has to do something about it.

5. Either you or I need to do it.

6. Everyone is enjoying time off.

7. Neither the man nor the woman are older than 60.

8. Today I am going to make a speech.

 166

9. Either my dad or mom is taking us to the game.

10. Peter is studying in his room.

11. The teacher rides her bike to school every day.

[Link] the student nor the parent are present.

13. Neither the teacher nor the students think it is a good idea.

14. Someone prefers to wear sandals in early spring.

15. Everybody has a right to a good life.

16. Neither cats nor dogs are allowed at the exhibition.

17. Neither Denmark nor Germany are winning the European championship.

[Link] Tense

1. A

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. A

6. B

7. A

8. C

9. C
 167

10. A

11. B

12. A

13. A

14. C

15. C

16. B

17. A

18. C

19. B

20. B

21. C

22.C

23.A

24. B

25. B

26.B

27. C

28. B

29.A

30. C

31. C

32.B
 168

33.A

34. C

8. Subject- Verb Agreement

Exercise 1:

1. Love, owns, is

2. Is, were, was

3. Takes, is, has

4. Has, have, does, is, is, have, are

5. Own, is, comes, run, sell, deal, are

6. Is, are, is, is

[Link], are, is

8. are, was

9. is, likes, are, agree, are, are, are, is, has, ask, is

Exercise 1. Use the singular or the plural form of the verbs given in brackets to fill
in the blanks in the following sentences.

1. Twenty miles is a long distance.

2. The police pay a lot of attention to juvenile delinquency.

3. Five pounds of potatoes is too heavy for one servant to carry.

 169

4. Ten minutes seems to be a long time to wait.

5. Two thousand dollars is an unreasonable price for that second-hand

lorry.

6. None of this meat is fresh. I’m not going to buy any from this shop.

[Link] is these boys who have made so many mistakes.

8. The rich and the poor are equal in the eyes of the law.

9. It is I who should be blamed.

10. None of your models are carefully labeled.

11. Gold, as well as iron, is found in Mexico.

12. None of the boys here are known to me.

13. The jewel, together with my passport, had been stolen.

14. She who is beautiful will have a head-start in life.

15. The principal, with all the teachers, is present at the meeting.

16. The building, with its contents, is insured.

17. Mr Wong, accompanied by his wife, is attending the social gathering.

18. Tom, together with David, is going to visit us on Sunday morning.

 170

19. It is my mother who cooks food for us.

20. He who works hard will succeed in life.

[Link] the cat or the dog is outside.

22. One of my sisters is going to France on holiday.

[Link] and her brothers are at college.

24. Neither George nor Tammy want to see the movie.

25. A movie ticket costs eight dollars these days.

26. The Prime Minister, along with his wife greet the press cordially.

[Link] of the CDs are damaged.

28. The tweezers are in this drawer.

[Link] committee meets once a month.

30. There were fifteen candies in the bag when I brought it home.

31. What time is the news aired?

32. Each of those books belongs to the children’s section.

33. Either my coat or your scarf is at their place.

34. His trousers were torn in the fight.

35. Aaron, together with his family, greets the guests.

36. The jury is not convinced by the evidence produced.

37.A number of soldiers were injured during the war

38. A pack of lions approaches the camp.

 171

39. Either she or friends is responsible for this incident.

40. Each of these phones costs above ten thousand rupees.

Exercise 2 In each of the following questions, decide which one of the four
choices would most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place
marked.

1. A. is

2. D. have been

3. D. were

4. A. have not

5. B. were

6. A. sounds

7.B. lead

8. A. is

9. C. was

10. C. has

11. C. is

12. D. were
 172

13. B. causes

14. A. is

15. A. was

16. D. were

17. D. do not

18. A. has

19. D. are/is

20. A. is

21. B. has

22.D. have been

23.A. is

24. A. times/equals

25. A. is

26. B. suits

27.A. is

28. B. is spreading
 173

29.B. exists

30. A. is

31. A. is

32.D. has inspired

33. C. was

34. B. are

9. Labelling with Questions

label parts of the house

1. Bathroom

2. Bedroom

3. Living room

4. Kitchen

5. Garage

Complete the questions below

1. Are there two sofas in the living room? No, there aren’t

2. Is there a mirror in the bathroom? Yes, there is

3. Are there two beds in the bedroom? Yes, there are

4. Is there a fridge in the kitchen? Yes, there is

5. Are there six lamps in the bathroom? No, there aren't

 174

10. Linkers: Multiple Choice

I. Choose the correct linker to fill in the sentences.

1. a. Provided that

2. c. So that

3. b. Even though

4. b. As

5. c. On the contrary

6. a. Owing to

7.c. In case

8. c. Due to

9. a. So as to

10. a. Although

11. b. In spite of

12. c. If

13. b. However

14. c. Because of
 175

15. b. So that

16. a. Moreover

11. Linkers: Rephrasing

I. Join the sentences with the linker in brackets. Make the necessary changes.

1. The teacher got angry because the students didn’t behave.

2. Unless you are 18, you aren’t allowed to buy or drink alcohol.

3. The football match was canceled as there weren’t enough children to

play.

4. Some skiers didn’t stop skiing despite the heavy snow.

5. We have installed an alarm so as to prevent thieves from breaking in

6. Patrick broke his leg last week. As a result, he couldn’t participate in the
marathon.

[Link] friends didn’t go on holiday since they hadn’t saved enough money.

8. Buy some salmon Pete, so that I can prepare your mum’s favorite dish.

9. We ran for the bus. However, we missed it.

10. I made a big dinner in case the children showed up.

 176

11. The Jones moved to a new house although they hadn’t bought
the furniture yet.

12. Paul enjoys painting whereas his sister is mad about sport.

12. Linkers and Connectors

Join the sentences with the linking words in brackets. Make the necessary changes.

1. The fans were really disappointed since the actor didn’t sign any
autographs.

2. The harvest couldn’t start due to the previous day’s heavy rain..

3. Our teacher hasn’t marked the exams yet because she hasn’t had much
time after school.

4. Since the dress didn’t suit Mary. She didn’t buy the dress.

5. Our neighbors were having a party last night. We couldn’t sleep well last
night, owing to our neighbors’ party last night..

6. They had to put some warm clothes on because of the terribly cold
weather at night

[Link] didn’t know Mary was coming to London since she didn’t phone him.

8. The audience didn’t like the play because it was boring and difficult to
understand.
 177

9. Some strikers complained due to the police’s violent action.

10. Most travelers are angry since the tour guide has changed today’s
schedule without prior warning.

11. Nobody could solve the math problem, owing to its difficulty.

12. As the teacher wasn’t watching the students, most of them cheated
in the exam

13. A new law has been implemented due to the dramatic increase in
robberies.

[Link] shops haven’t sold as many toys as they expected because people
don’t spend so much money nowadays.

15. The rate of unemployment will rise since lots of factories are closing
down

[Link] popularity of the government has fallen down due to the too strict
anti-crisis laws.

17. Mother won’t forgive Peter because he lied about his school marks

18. We’re walking to work owing to the underground strike.

19. Since granddad swallowed a fish bone, he had to go to the hospital.

20. It’s hard for people to save money because prices are higher and
higher.
 178

[Link] missed Thanksgiving dinner because of our flight’s cancellation.

23. As most of the shopping Mary had done was useless to make the dish I
wanted, we had to phone for a pizza.

24. The passengers had to leave the airport terminal due to the bomb
threat.

25. Bartenders say they have fewer customers because anti-smoking laws
don’t allow people to smoke in pubs.

26. Most seaside resorts in Spain are spoiled, owing to the lack of urban
planning in these areas.

[Link] Managing Director was dismissed since the company made a great
loss.

13. Linkers and Connector words

Fill in the gaps with one of the linking words on the right. Some can be repeated.

1. She does her best at work, whereas most of her workmates are very lazy.

2. As/since her salary was so high, she bought a new car every year.

3. Not only does telework increase productivity, but it also cuts the costs of

commuting every day.

4. Although the position you applied for has been filled, we are going to

keep your CV for future reference.

 179

5. Some professionals post their work on the Net so that people all over

the world can have access to it.

6. Even if I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t invest in this country now.

7. Unless she starts coming on time, she will be fired.

8. She wanted to apply for a job in Australia, therefore she studied English

hard.

9. Although he was very tired, he stayed in his office till late to finish his

work.

[Link] for this job should speak at least two other European

languages besides German.

[Link] refused the job as/since the payment wasn't satisfactory.

[Link] arrives early every day, in order to help her coworkers.

[Link] being late, he was able to finish his work in time.

[Link] to the rise of unemployment, families have worse living conditions.

[Link] employers believe in incentive schemes because they want their

employees to be more productive.

14. Connector : Showing Opposition

TRANSFORM THE SENTENCES BELOW USING THE WORDS IN BRACKETS

1. Despite the rain, they played the match yesterday

 180

2. In spite of often playing tennis, Susan never wants to play with me

3. Instant coffee is more convenient. However, filter coffee tastes

better.

4. Although I have help at home, I’m still overworked

5. Judy is interested in modern pop music. However, she sometimes

listens to classical music.

6. Mick believes exams are a matter of luck; however, he admits he

has to do them.

7. Although Harry is top of the class, he’s not very popular at school.

8. In spite of reading/having read the book for the exam, Mick

failed the test.

9. In Spite of playing/having played well, John lost the match.

10. Sally admired Robert. However, she was too shy to talk to him.
 181

11. Although Joan doesn’t like Tom, she admits he’s a better

student than the rest.

12. Although imagination is essential to a writer, he needs to master a

technique as well.

13. Examinations are a nuisance for students. However, they provide

teachers with valuable information.

14. Despite many people’s complaints about the refuse collection

system, the Council won’t consider changing it.

15. Many people don’t wear a seatbelt in spite of knowing it can

save their lives.

16. I like to ask him for advice; however, most of the time I don’t

follow it.

17. Despite John’s prejudice against pop singers, he realizes most

people like them.

18. Despite their bitter argument a few years before, she invited him

to her wedding.
 182

15. Complex Sentence

1. Peter and Tina are in a wheelchair although they are not

handicapped.

2. They’ll get punished if their parents find out about their antics.

3. I heated my coffee in the microwave because it was too cold.

4. She returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged.

5. Mary ran fast but she couldn’t catch John.

16. Complex Sentences with Letter Writing

Dear Edward,

Re: Noise from overnight parties and music

I live next door. I am writing in relation to the noise from your [Link]

noise specifically is:

● Loud drumming

● Drunken slurs

● Shouting / loud voices

● Loud music
 183

You may have previously been unaware of this noise. However, it affects

me and my family because it can be clearly heard in the habitable areas of

my house and prevents me from sleeping.

The Noise Act 1996 means that the local authority must take steps to

investigate any complaints of noise at night time. I am, however, keen to

resolve this amicably and do not want to report this to the council at this

stage; we are after all neighbors! I would therefore be grateful if you could

try to reduce any noise between 11pm and 7am.

Thank you in advance for your

cooperation. Kind regards

17. Complex Sentences - II

1. Conditionals Choose the correct alternatives

1. As soon as

2. If

3. Unless

4. When

5. If

6. Unless

[Link]
 184

8. When

9. If

10. When

2. Conditionals Match the two halves

1. G

2. F

3. H

4. D

5. A

6. B

7. C

3. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use
two to four words.

1. If we don’t eat early, there won’t be any food left.

2. You will receive a ticket as soon as you arrive.

3. We don’t have to book a place on the course.

4. I won’t be able to sleep if I drink too much coffee.

5. We should phone the office first.

6. You mustn't play ball games here.

 185

[Link] doesn’t have to take the test.

8. He will come to the meeting if it’s really necessary.

9. You shouldn’t eat before washing your hands.

10. I’ll go abroad as soon as I leave university.

4. CONDITIONAL - Match the sentence halves to make correct conditional

sentences.

1. F

2. E

3. G

4. D

5. A

6. B

7. C

5. Complete the sentences with the correct words.

1. I’ll go to the party as long as you agree to come with me.

2. If we hadn’t got stuck in this traffic jam, we would be there by now.

3. If the film hadn’t ended so late, we wouldn’t have missed the last bus
home.

4. We’ll give you a refund if you bring back the receipt

5. If she isn’t at home, put the invitation through the letterbox.

 186

6. If I had changed to a part-time job, I’d have a lot more time with the
children.

7. If you’ve lived there all your life, you will already know how beautiful it is.

8. If we’d arrived earlier, we might have seen the film start.

9. You mustn’t use that expensive mobile phone unless it’s a real
emergency.

10. Darren could have been in the winning team if he hadn’t broken his
leg.
11. If I was stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.

12. If you can change the light tomorrow, that would be perfect.

13. You can drop the car at the station.

14. She will be arriving tomorrow.

15. The flowers are starting to wilt.

16. The train is delayed again.

17. Turn on the radio so we can listen to the news.

18. The audience members are starting to leave.

19. We should not be out so late.

20. The vase was already broken when I saw it.

21. She is going to tell him a secret.

22. The bus arrived late today.

23. He could be the secret shopper.

24. Roses will grow anywhere.

25. She found the right door.

 187

18. Reported Speech

EXERCISE 1

1. His brother ordered Kevin not to touch his things again

2. Cathy asked her mother to lend her car for the weekend

3. The guide told us to leave our umbrellas outside the museum

4. The policeman told the man not to park there

5. The woman asked the shop-assistant to show her the blue sweater

in the shop window

6. Mary asked John to go with her to Susan’s party

7. The waiter told me not to go with my dog into the restaurant

8. She told me not to say anything to my parents

9. The lawyer asked Mr. Smith to send him a copy of the contract

10. She asked me to show her the photographs

11. The doctor told him to stop smoking

12. He told his assistant not to unlock that door

EXERCISE 2

1. My brother said (that) he thought there was a bus at five o’clock

2. He said she had broken the glasses when she was washing them.

3. Susan said they couldn’t come because they were busy

4. The child told his mother he would do his homework the following day

5. She said they had been to Paris twice

 188

6. She said the boys were playing in the garden then

7. She told Sheila she didn’t know her new boyfriend

8. She told me someone had brought a parcel for me the week before

9. Mary’s mother told her that her glasses were on the table

[Link] said Tom was having dinner with them the following Saturday

EXERCISE 3

1. The policeman asked Mr. Sallies where he lived

2. Mary asked Tom if he was busy

3. She asked me if I had seen her brother

4. He asked me how I was going to Italy

5. I asked Sue if she liked classical music

6. He asked me how much I had paid for that car

7. She asked her brother when he was going on holiday

8. Terry’s mother asked him if he had closed the windows the night

before

9. I asked her why she was still in bed

[Link] wondered who that man was

[Link] girl asked her mother if she had bought those flowers

[Link] wondered whose CDs those were.

EXERCISE 4

1. ‘Where do you live exactly?’, asked Mary

 189

2. ‘I’m going to be late’, said Bill.

3. ‘I have to be back by 3.30’, said David

4. ‘Ann, what did you do yesterday?’, asked Carol.

5. ‘How many books have you read?’, asked Kate

6. ‘Will you come to school tomorrow?’, asked my teacher.

7. ‘I’m going shopping’, said Helen

8. ‘I want to make a phone call’, said Paul.

9. ‘Mam, I forgot to do my homework,’ said Tina.

10. ‘I like swimming, but I don’t go very often,’ she said.

19. Phrasal Verbs

Complete the sentences using one of the words below. You may need to make
some changes to the sentences.

1. Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll pay you back on Friday

2. .One day that bully will pay for being mean to my little brother.

3. I’ve picked out three sweaters for you to try on.

4. I'll point my boyfriend out when he runs by.

5. You can put the groceries down on the kitchen table.

6. We are putting off our trip until January because of the weather.

7. The neighbors managed to put out the fire before the firemen arrived.

8. I don't think I can put up with three small children in the car for an
hour.

9. Don't forget to put on your new earrings for the party.

 190

10. I ran into an old school-friend in town.

11. I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the driveway.

12. Let's run over/through these lines one more time before the show.

13. The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days.

14. We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap.

15. My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp.

16. Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company.

17. I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots.

18. He likes showing off in front of girls especially when he’s driving
his new car.

19. You should sleep over tonight if the weather is too bad to drive home.

20. In the winter I usually sort my cupboards out and throw away
what I don’t need.

21. You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.

22. The light's too bright. Could you switch it off, please?

23. We heard the news as soon as we switched on the car radio.

24. I take after my mother. We are both impatient.

25. He took the car brakes apart and found what the problem was.

20. Phrasal Verb Review

A – CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:

1. b) get through
 191

2. c) got away

3. a) got over

4. c) gets by

5. a) get on with

6. b) get out

7. b) get in

8. a) get off

9. a) got up

10. c) got back

B – COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE PHRASAL VERBS FROM THE BOX:

11. Get on with

12. Get over

13. Get in

14. Get by

15. Get off

16. Get through

17. Get away

18. Gets out of

19. Get up

20. Get, back

HOLIDAYS AND TRAVEL

Exercise 1:
 192

1. Coming back

2. Chill out

3. Started off

4. Getaway

5. Look around

6. Stop off

7. Eat out

8. Drop off

9. Go back

10. Pack up

11. Looking around

12. Check into

13. Pick up

14. Booked out

15. Stop off

16. Drop off

17. Check out

18. Took off

19. Held up

Exercise 4:

1. Into

2. Up
 193

3. Out

4. Over

5. Up

6. Over

7. Out

8. Back

9. On, in

10. Down

11. Out

12. Up

13. Around

14. Back, up

15. Away

16. Off

17. Off

Exercise 5-A

A. Take in

B. Book out/up

C. Eat out

D. Hold up

[Link] down

F. Check out
 194

G. See off

H. Drop off

I. Check in/into

J. Stop over

Exercise 5-B

A. Pick up

B. Pack up

C. Come back

D. Go back

[Link] out

F. Start off

G. Take off

H. Getaway

I. Stop off

J. Look around

21. Idioms

Write True or False

1. false

2. false

3. true

4. true

5. false
 195

6. true

7. true

8. false

9. false

10. false

11. true

12. false

13. true

14. false

15. false

16. true

Circle the correct option

1. b. pain in the neck

2. c. barrel of laughs

3. a. black sheep

4. b. worrywarts

5. b. couch potatoes

6. c. night owl

7.a. chatterbox
 196

8. c. cheapskate

9. c. fair-weather friend

10. a. backseat driver

Weather Idioms

1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE PHRASAL VERBS FROM THE BOX:

A. Under the weather

B. Come rain or shine

C. Take a rain check

D. The lull before the storm

E. See which way the wind blows

F. Save up for a rainy day

G. Snowed under

H. Steal your thunder

I. Breath of fresh air

J. Face like thunder

K. Raining cats and dog

[Link] Practice
 197

During most of my holidays, I go to visit my family members in my

hometown. For my job, I am currently residing in the capital city of my

country but my parents, siblings, grandparents, uncle and aunts are living

in our hometown. So during most of my holidays, I go to visit my family

members. My typical holidays last for 4-5 days most of the time and

sometimes I get longer holidays.

When I was a university student, I had some friends studying in the same

faculty who were from my hometown. During my university study, we used

to go to our hometown together on our vacations but nowadays I go to my

hometown mostly alone. The journey takes about 6-7 hours by bus.

Sometimes we travel by train and these train journeys usually take 8-9

hours including the stoppage. Though the journey is tiresome sometimes,

the thought of meeting my family members and the excitement of being in

the place I really love, wash away the tiresomeness and monotonous

feeling of the journey.

The time I stay with my family members and local friends, I enjoy the

moments very much. This is the town where I grew up and naturally all of

my childhood & adolescence memories are related to this place. I do lots of

interesting things there during my holidays: I swim in the river, take care of
 198

the garden and firm we have, collect vegetables and fruits from our garden

and then make arrangements to sell those to the local sellers, sometimes I

catch fish, play with my friends both indoor and outdoor games, visit

different places and do lots of other stuff.

In my city life, I have to follow a strict timeline and stay at my office most of

the time, but in my hometown where I mostly go during my holidays, I am

quite free and do whatever I feel like doing and spend time with the people

I care most. That's why I prefer to go to my hometown during my holidays

rather than going to other places.

23. Grammar Meets Conversation: Where's my pencil?

Complete the questions with the correct question words.

1. Does your father like his job?

2. Why do dogs wag their tails?

3. Where does your mother get her hair done?

4. Do your grandparents still live in their own house?

5. Have you seen my pencil? I can't find it.

6. Do you like our English teacher?

[Link]'s the most important person in your life?

8. Do you ever copy your homework?

9. What would you do if your house burnt down?

 199

10. Do you think the Prime Minister likes his job?

11. What do you call a boy who has lost his parents?

12. Have you ever broken your leg?

13. Does your grandmother ever lose her false teeth?

14. Can your government still pay its debts?

15. What would the teacher do if we hid her bag?

16. What's the biggest planet in our solar system?

17. Is there anything stuck in my teeth?

18. How long has your father had his car?

19. How often do you polish your shoes?

20. How can you try to improve your English?

Grammar Meets Conversation: How often do you...? Complete

the questions with the correct question words.

1. How often do you go to the cinema?

2. How often do you go shopping?

3. How often do you have eggs for breakfast?

4. How often do you brush your teeth?

5. How often do you do aerobics?

6. How often do you surf the Internet?

[Link] often do you ride your bicycle?

8. How often do you play volleyball?

9. How often do you travel by train?

 200

10. How often do you check your email?

11. How often do you log on to Facebook?

12. How often do you scan for viruses?

13. How often do you play online games?

14 How often do you use a computer?

15. How often do you order fast food?

16. How often do you visit your grandparents?

17. How often do you ride a horse?

18. How often do you wash your shoes?

19. How often do you get up before 6 AM?

20. How often do you argue with your parents?

[Link] Your English Through Reading (Basic)

I. Answer the following questions using information from the above

passage.

1. Where did opera originate?

The opera originated in Europe.

2. What are the basic components of theater?

scenery, costumes, and acting are the basic components of theater.

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The two types of music in an opera include vocal and instrumental.

 201

2. The actor's dramatic performance is considered the most important

in musical theater.

3. The libretto is sung rather than spoken.

III. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text passage.

1. Arise - Originate

2. Verbal - Spoken

3. Convey - Express

4. Distinction - Contrast

5. Display - Depict

6. Coupled - In Tandem

PASSAGE 2:

I. Answer the following questions using information from the above

passage.
1. Where did Estonia sink?
Estonia sank in the Baltic.

2. What condition did the inspection find Estonia in?

It had been built and kept up with great care. There were enough

lifeboats on board.

3. How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

912 individuals perished in the sinking.

 202

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. Estonia was a passenger and automobile ferry.

2. Estonia was turned over due to a nighttime storm.

3. 139 people managed to survive the sinking.

III. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text passage.

1. Unassailable - invulnerable

2. Drown - sunk

3. Cautiously - carefully

4. Sad - tragic

5. Correct - right

6. Freezing - chilly

26. Improving Your English Through Reading (Intermediate)

1. `a. Wisely

2. b. money wasters

3. b. financial

4. a. poor people

5. b. French revolution

28. Improving Your English Through Reading (Advanced)

 203

I. Determine if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE based on the

information given in the Reading Passage.

1) Rub al Khali is translated as “Empty Quarter” in Arabic.

TRUE

2) The Umm al Samim contains brackish salt flats.

TRUE

3) The middle of the desert was once home to shallow lakes.

TRUE

4) These ancient lakes contained no flora or fauna.

FALSE

5) The Empty Quarter is sparsely populated.

TRUE

6) Over 2 inches of rainfall is recorded in the Empty Quarter every year.

FALSE

7) Human remains have been found in the Empty Quarter.

FALSE

8) Tribes live close to the desert’s edge.

TRUE

9) The desert has water spots and oil production centers.

TRUE

10) The region is harder than the Death

valley. TRUE
 204

11) Due to high temperatures, visitors need not bring their own
water supplies.

FALSE

12) Tourists are regaled with the stories of Oman’s past.

TRUE

II. Complete the following sentences.

1. The sand dunes can reach a height of 250 meters.

2. The presence of feldspar causes the sand to turn a reddish-orange

color.

3. The dimensions of the desert are 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) long,

and 500 kilometers (310 miles) wide.

4. Fossil remains indicate the presence of animals.

5. There is evidence of human activity two to three thousand years ago.

6. The region is home to tribes from the Arabian Peninsula.

III. Answer the following questions with a short sentence.

1. What are some suggested tourist activities in the area?

Visitors can take a 4x4 desert drive, go on a camel ride, or set up a

tent on the dunes. Spending time with desert Bedouins is among the

best experiences in the Empty Quarter. Old tales of Oman, its

people, and the desert can be listened to by visitors who are

interested.

2. Why did the desert come to be called The Empty Quarter?

 205

Its enormous, unbroken length of sand desert, which has for

thousands of years defeated kings, explorers, and nomads, earned it

the title. The Rub al Khali came to be regarded as being particularly

intimidating and hostile in a region characterized by deserts.

3. How were the ancient lakes formed?

The lakes most likely only existed for a short period of time and are

believed to have formed as a result of "cataclysmic rainfall" akin to

today's monsoon rains.

[Link] Through Story Making: Vocabulary Based (Basic)

I. Write a story to go along with the picture.

The scene portrays a happy family baking together. They are wearing

aprons and the children have donned chef hats.

II. Write a story to go along with the picture.

The scene portrays a wedding celebration. The bride and groom are

surrounded by their friends and family as confetti rains over the happy

couple.

30. Learning Through Paintings: Vocabulary Based (Intermediate)

 206

I. In the winter, a group of hunters return to their village. A pack of hunting

dogs accompanies them. On the way, they see the villagers skating on an

ice lake. The sky is overcast and the hunters are exhausted, but seem glad

to be returning home.

II. In a beautiful room, young women in white tulle dresses are

practicing ballet. They are accompanied by a band playing music.

Outside, the weather is pleasant with sunlight streaming in through the

windows. A few of the dancers seem to whisper to each other and gaze

outside with longing.

31. Learning Through Movies: Vocabulary Based (Advanced)

Use the following image sequences to narrate the events of the movie in a
short paragraph.

In the old Wild West, a beautiful girl meets a handsome cowboy who stops

to help her pick up a fallen can in the busy town street. They spend some

time together - riding horses and getting close. The cowboy teaches her to

shoot so that she can protect herself. A group of mysterious and

dangerous strangers arrive in town. The story ends tragically with the both

of them being shot. The twist you can’t tell here is that they are both robots

and the entire story is happening inside of a theme park in the future!
207
 208

A Letter from Your Editor

Greetings Aspiring Learner,

Hoping you have finished all the exercises and been able to climb up the

ladder. A kudos to you and your teacher, don't you think? Pat yourself on

the back for a job well done!

Now it's only onward and upward. Hope this helped you launch into IELTS in

confidence with better reading, writing, and speaking skills.

Wishing you all the very best for your journey ahead with English and
IELTS.

Best Wishes,

Editor | IELTSMaterial
 Fulfilling Dreams Beyond Boundaries!

Now meet IELTS and Immigration experts at

one place

Scan the QR code to book a

Free
consultation with our PR
experts

Since you have purchased this Book, you

can avail an Extra Discount when you opt
for our PR services

Helpline Number: +91 8929053019

Pride Hulkul 6th floor no 116

Lalbagh Road, Bangalore,
Karnataka 560027