Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

Index
1 Counting numbers 2
2 Exponents 51
3 Geometry of straight lines 56
4 Constructions 57
5 Geometry of 2D shapes 60
6 Common fractions 66
7 Decimal fractions 85
8 Functions and relationships 94
9 Area and perimeter of 2D shapes 96
10 Surface area and volume of 3D objects 105
11 Numerical and geometrical patterns 112
12 Algebraic expressions 118
13 Algebraic equations 123
14 Graphs 127
15 Transformation geometry 130
16 Geometry of 3D objects 137
17 Integers 147
18 Collect, organize, and summarize data 151
19 Represent data 155
20 Interpret, analyse, and report data 159
21 Probability 162
22 Calculator 165
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 1: COUNTING NUMBERS

READ NUMBERS

Example
136 131 628
One hundred and thirty-six million one hundred and
thirty-one thousand six hundred and twenty-eight

WRITE NUMBERS
Group in groups of 3:
Million Thousand Units , decimals
HM TM M HT TT T H T U t h t

Example
Write 246 552 698 in words:
Two hundred and forty-six million, five hundred and fifty-
two thousand, six hundred and ninety-eight

Example
Write 56 000 000, 708 in words:
Fifty-six million, comma seven zero eight
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 2: EXPONENTS

EXPONENTS
54
The number 5 is multiplied by itself 4 times:
54 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 625

Squares Cubes
02 = 0 x 0 = 0 03 = 0 x 0 x 0 = 0
12 = 1 x 1 = 1 13 = 1 x 1 x 1 = 1
22 = 2 x 2 = 4 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8
32 = 3 x 3 = 9 33 = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27
42 = 4 x 4 = 16 43 = 4 x 4 x 4 =64
52 = 5 x 5 = 25 53 = 5 x 5 x 5 = 125
62 = 6 x 6 =36
72 = 7 x 7 = 49
82 = 8 x 8 = 64
92 = 9 x 9 = 81
102 = 10 x 10 = 100
112 = 11 x 11 = 121
122 = 12 x 12 = 144

Example
Write in exponential form:
7 x 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 = 75
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 3: GEOMETRY OF STRAIGHT

LINES

LINES
Line
Ray

PERPENDICULAR AND PARALLEL LINES

Sketch Name Remember
Lines are parallel
when they are the
same distance from
each other at any
Parallel lines
point. It’s like the
road. The road can’t
get smaller, cars will
crash.
Perpendicular lines
Perpendicular are like the wall and
lines the floor with a 90˚
angle.
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTIONS

CLASSIFY ANGLES
Sketch Name Remember
it has an acute
acute angle angle is sharp and
can sting!

this angle is obtuse

obtuse angle
and cannot sting.

it’s a right angle,

right angle just like in your
home.
extended like open extended
angle arms.
indented jump into the
angle indented pool!

revolution all the way round.

Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 5: GEOMETRY OF 2D SHAPES

TRIANGLES
Classify according to angles

There are different types of triangles:

1. Acute angled triangle – all the angles are acute.
2. Right angled triangle – one right angle.
3. Obtuse angled triangle – one obtuse angle.

Classify according to sides

There are different types of triangles:

1. Equilateral triangle – all the sides are the same
length
2. Isosceles triangle – two sides are the same length
3. Scalene triangle - all the sides are different
lengths
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 6: COMMON FRACTIONS

COMMON FRACTIONS

4 numerator
5 fraction line
denominator

Smaller than (<) or greater than (>)

A smaller than sign has two sides. A small point (at
the hippo’s little ear) at one side and a large hippo’s
mouth on the other side. The large mouth bites the
biggest number. The small ear shows to the small
number.
smaller than greater
than

Example
Multiply the bottom and the top with the same number to
get the bottoms the same. Now see which one is the biggest.
1 1
>
2 4
2 1
>
4 4
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 7: DECIMAL FRACTIONS

FRACTIONS TO DECIMALS
The bottom of the fraction must change to 10, 100 or
1000. With what do you need to multiply to get 10,
100 or 1000 at the bottom. Now multiply the top with
the same number. When the number is on 10 is, there
must be ONE digit after the comma, on 100 there must
be TWO digits after the comma and on 1 000 there
must be THREE digits after the comma.

Example
1 5 5
× = = 0,5
2 5 10

Example
2 2 4
× = = 0,4
5 2 10

Example
8 4 32
× = = 0,32
25 4 100

Example
9 5 45
× = = 0,45
20 5 100

Example
1 8 8
× =
125 8 1 000
= 0,008
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 8: FUNCTIONS AND

RELATIONSHIPS
FLOW DIAGRAMS
To go right, follow instructions normally.

Example
Input Rule Output
2 121 4 248
3 131 +3 x2 6 268
4 141 8 288
5 151 10 308

To go left (back), do the opposite.

Example
Input Rule Output
6 161 12 328
7 171 +3 x2 14 348
8 181 -3 ÷2 16 368
9 191 18 388
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 9: AREA AND PERIMETER OF

2D SHAPES

PERIMETER
Perimeter is the distance around a shape. Imagine the
shape is a farm. How many fences do you need to put
up? You must put up a fence all the way round your
farm, otherwise the sheep will run away.

Example

Perimeter = 4 cm + 5 cm + 4 cm + 5 cm
= 18 cm

Example
Perimeter = 4 cm + 5 cm + 6 cm + 5 cm
= 20 cm
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 10: VOLUME AND SURFACE

AREA
VOLUME
Volume means how many blocks can fit into a 3D
shape.

Example

height = 3 cm
breadth = 4 cm
length = 5 cm
Count or the blocks or calculate as following:
Volume = length x breadth x height
=5x4x3
= 60 cm3

Example

Volume = l x b x h
= 10 x 5 x 4
= 200 m3
Math help book © Nienke Nieuwenhuizen 2023 Grade 7

CHAPTER 11: NUMERICAL AND

GEOMETRICAL PATTERNS
COMPLETE THE PATTERN
Count forward
If you count forward it’s a + or x.
To determine what we are counting in, take the 2nd
number minus the 1st number. Make sure the 3rd
number minus the 2nd number gives the same answer.

Example
Write the following 3 numbers in each row:
2 7 12 17
2nd – 1st = 7 – 2 = 5
3rd – 2nd = 12 – 7 = 5
It means we are counting in 5’s: 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32…

Example
Write the following 3 numbers in each row:
102 203 304 405
2nd – 1st = 203 – 102 = 101
3rd – 2nd = 304 – 203 = 101
It means we are counting in 101’s: 102, 203, 304, 405, 506,
607, 708…