Sampling distribution:

1. A coin was tossed 400 times and the head turned up 216 times. Test the
hypothesis that the coin is unbiased at 5% level of significance.

2. A die was thrown 9000 times and a throw of 5 or 6 was obtained 3240 times. On
the assumption of random throwing, do the data indicate an unbiased die?

3. A die is tossed 960 times and it falls with 5 upwards 184 times. Is the die biased?

4. 12 dice are thrown 3086 times and a throw of 2, 3, 4, is reckoned as a success.

Suppose that 19142 throws of 2, 3, 4 have been made out. Do you think that this
observed value deviates from the expected value? If so, can the deviation from the
expected value be due to fluctuation of simple sampling?

5. Balls are drawn from a bag containing equal number of black and white balls,
each ball bearing replaced before drawing another. In 2250 drawings 1018 black
and 1232 white balls have been drawn. Do you suspect some bias on the part of
the drawer?

6. In a group of 50 first cousins there were found to be 27 males and 23 females.

Ascertain if the observed proportions are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the
sexes should be in equal proportions.

7. In a sample of 500 people from a state 280 take tea and rest take coffee. Can we
assume that tea and coffee are equally popular in the state at 5% level of
significance?

8. In a sample of 600 men from a certain city, 450 are found smokers. In another
sample of 900 men from another city, 450 are smokers. Do the data indicate that
the cities are significantly different with respect to the habit of smoking among
men?

9. One type of aircraft is found to develop engine trouble in 5 flights out of a total of
100 and another type in 7 flights out of a total of 200flights. Is there a significant
difference in the two types of aircraft so far as engine defects are concerned?

10. In a city A 20% of a random sample of 900 school boys had a certain slight
physical defect. In another city B, 18.5% of a random sample of 1600 school boys
had the same defect. Is the difference between the proportions significant?

11. In two large populations there are 30% and 25% respectively of fair haired
people. Is this difference likely to be hidden in samples of 1200 and 900
respectively from the two populations?
 12. The means of simple samples of sizes 1000 and 2000 are 67.5 and 68.0cm
respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the same population of
S.D. 2.5 cm.

13. A sample of 100 electric bulbs produced by manufacture A showed a mean life
time of 1190 hours and a standard deviation of 90 hours. A sample of 75 bulbs
produced by manufacturer B showed a mean life time of 1230 hours, with a
standard deviation of 120 hours. Is there a difference between the mean life time
of two brands at a significance level of i) 0.05 ii) 0.01

14. A sample of 900 members is found to have a mean of 3.4 cm. Can it be
reasonably regarded as a truly random sample from a large population with mean
3.25 cm and standard deviation 1.61cm.

15. The means of two large samples of 1000 and 2000 members are 168.75 cms and
170 cm. respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the same
population of standard deviation 6.25 cm.

Problems on confident intervals

1. A sample of 1000 days is taken from meteorological records of a certain district

and 120 of them are found to be foggy. What are the probable limits to the
percentage of foggy days in the district?

2. A random sample of 500 apples was taken from a large consignment and 65 were
found to be bad. Estimate the proportion of the bad apples in the consignment as
well as the standard error of the estimate. Deduce that the percentage of bad apples
in the consignment almost certainly lies between 8.5 and 17.5.

3. 400 children are chosen in an industrial town and 150 are found to be under
weight. Assuming the conditions of simple sampling, estimate the percentage of
children who are under weight in the industrial town and assign limits within
which the percentage probably lies?

4. To know the mean weights of all 10-year old boys in Delhi, a sample of 225 is
taken. The mean weight of the sample is found to be 67 pounds with a standard
deviation of 12 pounds. Can you draw any inference from it about the mean weight
of the population?

5. An unbiased coin is thrown n times. It is desired that the relative frequency of the
appearance of heads should lie between 0.49 and 0.51. Find the smallest value of n
that will ensure this result with 90% confidence.
6. The mean of a certain normal population is equal to the standards error of the
mean of the samples of 100 from that distribution. Find the probability that the
mean of the sample of 25 from the distribution will be negative.

7. If the mean breaking strength of copper wire is 575 lbs. with a standard deviation
of 8.3 lbs. how large a sample must be used in order that there be one chance in
100 that the mean breaking strength of the sample is less than 572lbs?

8. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and a standard deviation 2.1. Find the
probability that the mean of simple sample of 900members will be negative.

9. In a locality containing 18000 families, a sample of 840 families was selected at

random. Of these 840 families, 206 families were found to have a monthly income
of Rs.250 or less. It is desire to estimate how many out of 18000 families have a
monthly income of Rs.250 or less. Within what limits would you place your
estimate.

10. A research worker wishes to estimate mean of a population by using sufficiently

large sample. The probability is 95% that sample mean will not differ from the true
mean by more than 25% of the standard deviation. How large a sample should be
taken?

Problems on t-distribution

1. A certain stimulus administered to each of 12 patients resulted in the

following increases of blood pressure: 5,2, 8, -1,3, 0,-2, 1,5,0,4,[Link] it be
concluded that the stimulus will in general be accompanied by an increase in
blood pressure.

2. The nine items of a sample have the following values: 45, 47, 50,52,
48,47,49,53,51. Does the mean of these differ significantly from the assumed
mean 0f 47.5?

3. A mechanist is making engine parts with axle diameter of 0.7 inch. A random
sample of 10 parts shows mean diameter 0.742 inch with a standard deviation
of 0.04 inch. On the basis of this sample, would you say that the work is
inferior?

4. Find the student’s t for the following variable values in a sample of eight:
-4, -2, -2, 0,2 ,2 ,3, 3 taking the mean of the universe to be zero.

5. A random sample of 10 boys had the following I.Q.:

70, 120,110,101,88,83,95,98,107,100.
Do these data support the assumption of a population mean I.Q of
100 (at 5% level of significance)?
6. A sample of 10 measurements of the diameter of a sphere gave a mean of 12
cm and standard deviation 0.15cm. Find 95% confidence limits for the actual
diameter.
7. A random sample of size 25 from a normal population has the mean 47.5 and
standard deviation 8.4. Does this information refute the claim that the mean of
the population is 42.1?
8. A process for making certain bearings is under control if the diameters of the
bearing have the mean 0.5cm. What can we say about this process if a sample
of 10 of these bearings has a mean diameter of 0.506cm and standard
deviation of 0.004 cm?
9. A mechanist is supposed to produce washers of mean thickness 0.12cm. A
sample of 10 washers was found to have a mean thickness of 0.128cm and
standard deviation 0.008. Test whether the machine is working in proper order
at 5% level of significance.