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Java OOP Concepts Explained

The document provides a concise overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in Java, including objects, classes, encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance, and exception handling. It covers Java basics such as compilation, execution, data types, and input-output operations, as well as advanced topics like interfaces, multithreading, and garbage collection. Key features like method overloading, constructors, access modifiers, and the use of collections are also highlighted.

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11 views2 pages

Java OOP Concepts Explained

The document provides a concise overview of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in Java, including objects, classes, encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance, and exception handling. It covers Java basics such as compilation, execution, data types, and input-output operations, as well as advanced topics like interfaces, multithreading, and garbage collection. Key features like method overloading, constructors, access modifiers, and the use of collections are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

paragdell27
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

**OOPS in Java – Short Notes**

**1. Objects & Classes**


- Object: Instance of a class with state and behavior.
*Example:* Car c = new Car();
- Class: Blueprint/template to create objects.

**2. Encapsulation**
- Binding data + methods.
- Achieved using private fields + public getters/setters.

**3. Polymorphism**
- Many forms of a method.
- Types: Compile-time (overloading), Runtime (overriding).

**4. Inheritance**
- One class acquiring features of another.
- Uses 'extends'.
*Example:* class Dog extends Animal.

**5. Java Basics**


- Compilation: javac [Link]
- Execution: java ClassName
- Compiler converts to bytecode; JVM interpreter executes bytecode.
- Data Types: int, float, double, char, boolean, byte, short, long.

**6. Class & Object**


- Instance fields: object-level variables.
- Methods: behavior.
- Access Modifiers: public, private, protected, default.
- Constructors: Special method to initialize object.
- Static: Shared by all objects.
- Final: Constant values; final class cannot be inherited.

**7. Type Conversion & Promotion**


- Widening: automatic (int → long)
- Narrowing: explicit.

**8. Polymorphic Forms**


- Method Overloading: Same method name, different parameters.
- Objects as parameters/return types.

**9. Input-Output**
- Input: Scanner class.
- Output: [Link]().

**10. Object Class**


- toString(): returns string form.
- equals(): compares two objects.

**11. Arrays & Strings**


- 1D, 2D arrays.
- ArrayList: dynamic array.
- Strings: Immutable.
- StringBuilder: Mutable string.
- StringTokenizer: Splits strings.

**12. Inheritance in Detail**


- Extending classes.
- Abstract class: cannot be instantiated; contains abstract methods.
- Final class: cannot be extended.
- Method Overriding: redefining method in subclass.
- Runtime Polymorphism: dynamic binding.
- Inner Classes:
- Static nested
- Non-static
- Local classes

**13. Interfaces**
- Multiple inheritance supported.
- Comparable: natural order.
- Comparator: custom sorting.
- Iterators: iterate through collections.
- LinkedList: doubly linked list implementation.

**14. Exception Handling**


- Exception: runtime error.
- Try-catch-finally.
- Creating custom exceptions.

**15. Packages**
- Organize classes.
- Use 'package' and 'import'.

**16. Garbage Collector**


- Frees unused memory.
- Can request using [Link]().

**17. Multithreading**
- Thread class / Runnable interface.
- Life cycle: New → Runnable → Running → Blocked → Terminated.
- Synchronization: prevents race conditions.
- Thread priority: affects scheduling.

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