CHAPTER – 18

MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE OF GROUPED DATA, CUMULATIVE

FREQUENCY GRAPH AND OGIVE
Exercise – 18.1
Page number – 835
Question 1: If the mean of 5 observations x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6 and x +
8 is 11, find the value of x.

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
We know that,

CO N
A
Sum of the given observations
Mean =
Total number of observations

PY
DO U A
Sum of the given observations = x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) + (x + 8)
T
ED PR

=x+x+2+x+4+x+6+x+8
= 5x + 20
C

Total number of observations = 5

©

(5𝑥 + 20)
Therefore, Mean =
5

Also, Mean = 11 (given)

(5𝑥 + 20)
⇨ 11 =
5

⇨ 55 = 5x + 20
or x = 7

Question 2: If the mean of 25 observations is 27 and each observation

is decreased by 7, what will be the new mean?
Solution:
Mean of 25 observations = 27 (given)
Total observations = 25
Sum of the given observations
Mean =
Total number of observations
(sum of 25 observations)
27 =
25

⇨ sum of 25 observations = 27 × 25 = 675

When each observation is decreased by 7, then

T IO S
New Sum is 675 – 25 × 7 = 500

I
NO A D 500

CO N
New Mean = = 20
25
A

PY
DO U A

Question 3: Compute the mean of following data:

T
ED PR

Class 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9

Frequency 12 22 27 19
C
©

Solution:
Class Frequency Mid – value fixi
Interval fi xi
1–3 12 2 24
3–5 22 4 88
5–7 27 6 162
7–9 19 8 152
Sum 80 426
Now,
∑ fixi
Mean = ∑ fi
426
=
80
 = 5.325

Question 4: Find the mean of the following data, using direct method:
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 7 5 6 12 8 2
Solution:
Frequency Mid – value

T IO S
Class fixi
Interval fi xi

I
1 – 10
NO A D 7 5 35

CO N
10 – 20 5 15 75
A
20 – 30 6 25 150

PY
30 – 40 12 35 420
DO U A

40 – 50 8 45 360
T
50 – 60
ED PR

2 55 110
40 1150
C
©

∑ fixi
Mean = ∑ fi
1150
=
40

= 28.75

Question 5: Find the mean of the following data, using direct method:
Class 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75
Frequency 6 10 8 12 4
Solution:
 Class Interval Frequency Mid – value fixi
fi xi
25 – 35 6 30 180
35 – 45 10 40 400
45 – 55 8 50 400
55 – 65 12 60 720
65 – 75 4 70 280
40 1980

T IO S
∑ fixi
Mean =

I
∑ fi

NO A D
CO N
1980
=
A
40

PY
= 49.5
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 6: Compute the mean of the following data, using direct

method:
C
©

Class 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500

Frequency 6 9 15 12 8
Solution:
Class Interval Frequency Mid – value fixi
fi xi
0 – 100 6 50 300
100 – 200 9 150 1350
200 – 300 15 250 3750
300 – 400 12 350 4200
400 – 500 8 450 3600
50 13200
 ∑ fixi
Mean = ∑ fi
13200
=
40

= 264

Question 7: Using an appropriate method, find the mean of following

frequency distribution:

T IO S
Class 84−90 90−96 96−102 102−108 108−114 114−120

I
NO A D
Frequency 8 10 16 23 12 11

CO N
A
Which method did you use, and why?

PY
Solution:
DO U A
T
Class Interval Frequency Mid – value fixi
ED PR

fi xi
84 – 90 8 87 696
C

90 – 96 10 93 930
©

96 – 102 16 99 1584
102 – 108 23 105 2415
108 – 114 12 111 1332
114 – 120 11 117 1287
80 8244

∑ fixi
Mean = ∑ fi
8244
=
80

= 103.05
Used direct method as it is easy to calculate.
Question 8: If the mean of the following frequency distribution is 24,
find the value of p.
Class 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50
Frequency 3 4 p 3 2
Solution:
Class Interval Frequency Mid – value fixi
fi xi

T IO S
0 – 10 3 5 15

I
10 – 20 4 15 60
NO A D
20 – 30

CO N
P 25 25p
A
30 – 40 3 35 105

PY
40 – 50
DO U A
2 45 90
T
12 + p 270 + 25 p
ED PR

∑ fixi
Mean = ∑ fi
C

Mean = 24 (given)
©

(270+25𝑝)
⇨ 24 = (12+𝑝)

⇨ 24(12 + 𝑝) = 270 + 25p

or p = 18

Question 9: The following distribution shows the daily pocket

allowance of children of a locality. If the mean pocket allowance is Rs.
18, find the missing frequency f.
Daily pocket 11−13 13−15 15−17 17−19 19−21 21−23 23−25
allowance (in Rs.)
Number of 7 6 9 13 f 5 4
children
Solution:
Class Interval Frequency Mid – value fixi
fi xi
11 – 13 7 12 84
13 – 15 6 14 84
15 – 17 9 16 144
17 – 19 13 18 234
19 – 21 f 20 20f

T IO S
21 – 23 5 22 110

I
23 – 25 4 24 96
NO A D
CO N
44 + p 752 + 20 p
A

PY
DO U A
∑ fixi
Mean =
T
∑ fi
ED PR

Mean = 18 (given)
(752+20𝑓)
C

18 = (44+𝑓)
©

792 + 18f = 752 + 20f

or f = 20

Question 10: If the mean of the following frequency distribution is 54,

find the value of p.
Class 0−20 20−40 40−60 60−80 80−100
Frequency 7 p 10 9 13
Solution:
 Class Interval Frequency Mid – value fixi
fi xi
0 – 20 7 10 70
20 – 40 P 30 30p
40 – 60 10 50 500
60 – 80 9 70 630
80 – 100 13 90 1170
44 + p 2370 + 30 p

T IO S I
∑ fixi
Mean =
NO A D
CO N
∑ fi
A
Mean = 54 (given)

PY
DO U A
(2370+30𝑝)
⇨ 54 =
T (39+𝑝)
ED PR

⇨ 1053 + 27p = 1185 + 15p

or p = 11
C
©

Question 11 The mean of the following data is 42. Find the missing
frequencies x and y if the sum of frequencies is 100.
10- 20- 30- 40-
Class interval 0-10 50-60 60-70 70-80
20 30 40 50
Frequency 7 10 x 13 y 10 14 9

Solution
We have,
 Class Interval Frequency fi Mid – value fixi
xi
0 – 10 7 5 35
10 – 20 10 15 150
20 – 30 𝑥 25 25x
30 – 40 13 35 455
40 – 50 𝑦 45 45y
50 – 60 10 55 550

T IO S
60 – 70 14 65 910

I
70 – 80 9 75 675
NO A D
CO N
63 + x + y = 100 2775 + 25x + 45y
A
Now,

PY
DO U A
∑ fixi
Mean =
T
∑ fi
ED PR

2775+25𝑥+45𝑦
⇒ 42 =
100
C

⇒ 4200 = 2775 + 25𝑥 + 45𝑦

©

⇒ 25𝑥 + 45𝑦 = 1425

⇒ 5𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 285 …. (i)
Also, 63 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 100
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 37
⇒ 𝑥 = 37 − 𝑦
Substituting in (i), we have
5(37 − 𝑦) + 9𝑦 = 285
⇒ 185 − 5𝑦 + 9𝑦 = 285
⇒ 4𝑦 = 100
⇒ 𝑦 = 25
⇒ 𝑥 = 37 − 𝑦 = 37 − 25 = 12
Hence, 𝑥 = 12 and 𝑦 = 25

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 18.2
Page number: 845

Question 1: In a hospital, the ages of diabetic patients were recorded

as follows. Find the median age.
Age (in years) 0−15 15−30 30−45 45−60 60−75
Number of patients 5 20 40 50 25

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
Class Interval Frequency Cf

CO N
A
0 – 15 5 5
15 – 30 20 25

PY
DO U A
30 – 45 40 5
T
45 – 60 50 115
ED PR

60 – 75 25 140
C

Where cf = cumulative frequency

©

𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Here:
N = 140
𝑁
= 70
2

cf > 70 is 140
Median class = 45 – 60
So, l = 45, h = 15, f = 50 and
cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 65
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get
(70−65)
Median = 45 + {15 × }
50

= 45 + 1.5
= 46.5
Therefore, median age of diabetic patients is 46.5 years.

T IO S
Question 2: Compute the median from the following data:

I
Marks
NO A D 0-7 7-14 14-21 21-28 28-35 35-42 42-49

CO N
A
Number of students 3 4 7 11 0 16 9

PY
Solution:
DO U A
T
Class Interval Frequency Cf
ED PR

0–7 3 3
7 – 14 4 7
14 – 21
C

7 14
©

21 – 28 11 25
28 – 35 0 25
35 – 42 16 41
42 – 49 9 50
Sum = 50

Where cf = cumulative frequency

𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Here:
N = 50
𝑁
= 25
2

Here cumulative frequency is 25

Median class = 21 – 28
So, l = 21, h =7, f = 11 and
cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 14
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get

T IO S
(25−14)
Median = 21 + {7 × }
11

I
NO A D
= 28

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Question 3: The following table shows the daily wages of workers in
T
a factory:
ED PR

Daily wages (in Rs) 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500

C

Number of workers 40 32 48 22 8
©

Find the median daily wage income of the workers.

Solution:
Class Interval Frequency Cf
0 – 100 40 40
100 – 200 32 72
200 – 300 48 120
300 – 400 22 142
400 – 500 8 150
∑ 150

Where cf = cumulative frequency

 𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Here:
N = 150
𝑁
= 75
2

cf just greater than 75 is 120

T IO S
Median class = 200 – 300

I
So, l = 200, h =100, f = 48 and
NO A D
CO N
cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 72
A
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get

PY
DO U A

(75−72)
T
Median = 200 + {100 × }
ED PR

48

= 200 + 6.25
C

= 206.25
©

Median of daily wages is Rs. 206.25.

Question 4: Calculate the median from the following frequency

distribution:
Class 5– 10 – 15 – 20 – 25 – 30 – 35 - 40 -
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Frequency 5 6 15 10 5 4 2 2

Solution:
 Class Interval Frequency Cf
5 – 10 5 5
10 – 15 6 5 + 6 = 11
15 – 20 15 11 + 15 = 26
20 – 25 10 26 + 10 = 36
25 – 30 5 36 + 5 = 41
30 – 35 4 41 + 4 = 45
35 – 40 2 45 + 2 = 47
40 – 45 2 47 + 2 = 49

T IO S
TOTAL 49

I
Where cf = cumulative frequency
NO A D
CO N
𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
A
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

PY
DO U A

Here:
T
ED PR

N = 49
𝑁
= 24.5
C

2
©

cf just greater than 24.5 is 26

Median class = 15-20
So, l = 15, h = 5, f = 15 and
cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 11
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get
(24.5−11)
Median = 15 + {5 × }
15

= 15 + 4.5
= 19.5
Thus, median of frequency distribution is 19.5.
Question 5: Given below is the number of units of electricity
consumed in a week in a certain locality:
Consumption 65-85 85- 105- 125- 145- 165- 185-
(in units) 105 125 145 165 185 205
Number of 4 5 13 20 14 7 4
consumers
Calculate the median.
Solution:

T IO S
Consumption Frequency fi Cf

I
(in units)
65 – 85NO A D 4 4

CO N
85 – 105
A
5 9
105 – 125 13 22

PY
DO U A
125 – 145 20 42
T
145 – 165 14 56
ED PR

165 – 185 7 63
185 – 205 4 67
C

Sum 67
©

Where cf = cumulative frequency

𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Here:
N = 67
𝑁
= 33.5
2

cf just greater than 33.5 is 42

Median class = 125 – 145
So, l = 125, h = 20, f = 20 and
cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 22
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get
(33.5−22)
Median = 125 + {20 × }
20

= 125 + 11.5
= 136.5
Thus, median of electricity consumed is 136.5.

T IO S I
NO A D
Question 6: Calculate the median from the following data:

CO N
Height – 135-
A
140- 145- 150- 155- 160- 165- 170-
(in cm) 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

PY
DO U A

No. of 6 10 18 22 20 15 6 3
T
ED PR

boys
C

Solution:
©

Height Frequency fi Cf
135 – 140 6 6
140 – 145 10 16
145 – 150 18 34
150 – 155 22 56
155 – 160 20 76
160 – 165 15 91
165 – 170 6 97
170 – 175 3 100
Sum = 100

Where cf = cumulative frequency

 𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Here:
N = 100
𝑁
= 50
2

cf just greater than 50 is 56

T IO S
Median class = 150-155

I
So, l = 150, h = 5, f = 22 and
NO A D
CO N
cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 34
A
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get

PY
DO U A

(50−34)
T
Median = 150 + {5 × }
ED PR

22

= 150 + 3.64
C

= 153.64
©

Question 7: Calculate the missing frequency from the following

distribution, it being given that the median of the distribution is 24.
Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
Frequency 5 25 ? 18 7

Solution:
Let the missing frequency be x.
 Class Frequency fi Cf
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 25 30
20 – 30 x 30 + x
30 – 40 18 48 + x
40 – 50 7 55 + x

Median = 24
(55+𝑥)

T IO S
𝑁 𝑥
= = 27.5 +
2 2 2

I
Median class = 20 – 30
NO A D
CO N
A
l = 20, h = 10, f = x and cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 30

PY
Using below formula:
DO U A
T 𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
ED PR

Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

𝑥
C

(27.5+2 – 30)
⇨ 24 = 20 + {10 × }
©

⇨ 24x = 20x + 5x – 25
or x = 25
Missing frequency is 25.

Question 8: The median of the following data is 16. Find the missing
frequencies 𝒂 and b if the total of frequencies is 70.
Class 0− 5−1 10−1 15−2 20−2 25−3 30−3 35−4
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
Frequenc 12 a 12 15 b 6 6 4
y
Solution:
Class Interval Frequency fi cf
0–5 12 12
5 – 10 a 12 + a
10 – 15 12 24 + a
15 – 20 15 39 + a
20 – 25 b 39 + a + b
25 – 30 6 45 + a + b
30 – 35 6 51 + a + b

T IO S
35 – 40 4 55 + a + b = 70

I
NO A D
CO N
Here:
A
N = 70

PY
DO U A
𝑁
= 35
T
2
ED PR

Median = 16, Median class = 15 – 20

So, l = 15, h = 5, f = 15 and
C
©

cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 24 + a

We know,
𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get

(35−24−𝑎)
16 = 15 + {5 × }
15
(11−𝑎)
⇨ 16 = 15 +
3

or a = 8
Now, 70 = 55 + a + b
70 = 55 + 8 + b
⇨b=7
So, missing freqiuncies are 8 and 7.

Question 9: In the following data the median of the runs scored by 60

top batsmen of the world in one-day international cricket matches is
5000. Find the missing frequencies x and y.

T IO S
Runs 2500−35 3500−45 4500−55 5500−65 6500−75 7500−85

I
scored 00 00 00 00 00 00
Numb 5NO A D x y 12 6 2

CO N
A
er of
batsm

PY
DO U A
en
T
Solution:
ED PR

Class Interval Frequency fi cf

25000 – 3500 5 5
C

3500 – 4500 x 5+a

©

4500 – 5500 y 5+x+y

5500 – 6500 12 17 + x + y
6500 – 7500 6 23 + x + y
7500 – 8500 2 25 + x + y = 60

Here:
N = 60
𝑁
= 30
2

Median = 5000, Median class = 4500-5500

So, l = 4500, h = 1000, f = y and
cf = cf of preceding class i.e. 5 + 𝑥
We know,
𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get

(30−5−𝑥)
5000 = 4500 + {1000 × }
𝑦
(25−𝑥)
⇨ 500 = 1000 ×
𝑦

T IO S
(25−𝑥)

I
⇨ 0.5 =
𝑦
NO A D
CO N
⇨ x + 05.y = 25 … (1)
A

PY
Again, from table
DO U A

25 + x + y = 60
T
ED PR

⇨ x + y = 35 … (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we have
C
©

x = 15 and y = 20
Missing frequencies are 15 and 20.

Question 10: If the median of the following frequency distribution is

32.5, find the values of f1 and f2.
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 Total
interval
Frequency f1 5 9 12 f2 3 2 40
Solution:
Sum of all the frequencies = f1+ 5 + 9 +12 + f2 + 3 + 2 = 40 (given)
⇨ f1+ f2 = 9 … (1)
Median is 32.5 lies in 30 – 40, so the median class is 30 – 40
N = 40
𝑁
= 20
2

l = 30, h = 10, f = 12
cf = f1 + 5+9 = f1+14
We know,

T IO S
𝑁
( 2 –𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝐼 + {ℎ × }

I
𝑓

NO A D
CO N
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get
A
(20−𝑓1 −14)

PY
32.5 = 30 + {10 × }
DO U A
12
T
(30−5𝑓1 )
ED PR

⇨ 32.5 = 30 +
6
(30−5𝑓1 )
⇨ 2.5 =
C

6
©

or f1 = 3
From (1)
⇨ 3 + f2 = 9
⇨ f2 = 6
 Exercise 18.3
Page number: 853

Question 1: Find the mode of the following frequency distribution:

Marks 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60

Frequency 12 35 45 25 13

T IO S
Solution:

I
Here:
NO A D
CO N
A
Maximum class frequency is 45.

PY
The class corresponding to Maximum class frequency is the modal class.
DO U A

So, Modal class = 30 – 40

T
ED PR

Lower limit = l = 30
Modal class size = h = 10
C
©

Frequency of class preceding the modal class = f0 = 35

Frequency of the modal class = f1 = 45
Frequency of class succeeding the modal = f2 = 25
Mode formula is given by,
𝑓1 −𝑓0
Mode = 𝐼 + ( )×ℎ
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
45−35
Mode = 30 + ( ) × 10
2×45−35−25
100
= 30 +
30

= 33.33
Question 2: Compute the mode of the following data:
Class 0−20 20−40 40−60 60−80 80−100
Frequency 25 16 28 20 5
Solution:
Here:
Maximum class frequency = 28

T IO S
The class corresponding to Maximum class frequency is the modal class.

I
So, Modal class = 40-60
NO A D
CO N
Lower limit = l = 40
A
Modal class size =h = 20

PY
DO U A

Frequency of class preceding the modal class =f0 = 16

T
ED PR

Frequency of the modal class = f1 = 28

Frequency of class succeeding the modal =f2= 20
C
©

Mode formula is given by,

𝑓1 −𝑓0
Mode = 𝐼 + ( )×ℎ
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
28−16
Mode = 40 + ( ) × 20
2×28−16−20
12
= 40 + × 12
20

= 52

Question 3: Heights of students of Class X are given in the following

frequency distribution:
Height (in cm) 150−155 155−160 160−165 165−170 170−175
Number of students 15 8 20 12 5

Find the modal height. Also, find the mean height. Compare and
interpret the two measures of central tendency.
Solution:
Here:

T IO S
Maximum class frequency = 20

I
NO A D
The class corresponding to Maximum class frequency is the modal class.

CO N
A
So, Modal class = 160-165

PY
DO U A
Lower limit = l = 160
T
ED PR

Modal class size = h = 5

Frequency of class preceding the modal class = f0 = 8
C

Frequency of the modal class= f1 = 20

©

Frequency of class succeeding the modal = f2 = 12

Mode formula is given by,
𝑓1 −𝑓0
Mode = 𝐼 + ( )×ℎ
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
20−8
Mode = 160 + ( )×5
2×20−8−12
12
= 160 + ×5
20

= 163
The modal height is 163 cm, which implies maximum number of students
have model height 163 cm
Use Direct Method to find the mean:
Height Mid-Point (xi) No. of students (fi) fixi
150 – 155 152.5 15 2287.5
155 – 160 157.5 8 1260
160 – 165 162.5 20 3250
165 – 170 167.5 12 2010
170 – 175 172.5 5 862.5

∑ fi = 60

T IO S I
∑ fixi = 9670
NO A D
CO N
We know
A
∑ ifixi
𝑥̅ =

PY
DO U A
∑ ifi
9670
T
=
ED PR

60

= 161.17
C

Mean is 161.17
©

Thus, 161.7 cm is the average height of all the students.

Question 4: Find the mode of the following distribution:

Class 10- 14- 18- 22- 26- 30- 34- 38-
interval 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42
Frequency 8 6 11 20 25 22 10 4
Solution:
Here:
Maximum class frequency = 25
The class corresponding to Maximum class frequency is the modal class.
So, Modal class = 26-30
Lower limit = l = 26
Modal class size =h = 4
Frequency of class preceding the modal class =f0 = 20
Frequency of the modal class= f1 = 25
Frequency of class succeeding the modal =f2= 22
Mode formula is given by,

T IO S I
𝑓1 −𝑓0
Mode = 𝐼 + ( )×ℎ
NO A D 2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2

CO N
A
25−20
Mode = 26 + ( )×4
2×25−20−22

PY
DO U A
5
= 26 + × 4
T 8
ED PR

= 28.5
C
©

Question 5: Given below is the distribution of total household

expenditure of 200 manual workers in a city:
Expenditure 1000- 1500- 2000- 2500- 3000- 3500- 4000- 4500-
(in Rs) 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
No. of 24 40 31 28 32 23 17 5
manual
workers
Find the expenditure done by maximum number of manual workers.
Solution:
Here:
Maximum class frequency = 40
The class corresponding to Maximum class frequency is the modal class.
So, Modal class = 1500-2000
Lower limit = l = 1500
Modal class size = h = 500
Frequency of class preceding the modal class = f0 = 24
Frequency of the modal class = f1 = 40
Frequency of class succeeding the modal = f2 = 31

T IO S I
Mode formula is given by,
NO A D
CO N
𝑓1 −𝑓0
Mode = 𝐼 + ( )×ℎ
A
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2

PY
40−24
DO U A
Mode = 1500 + ( ) × 10
2×40−24−31
T
16
ED PR

= 1500 + × 500
25

= 1820
C
©
 Exercise 18.4
Page number: 857

Question 1: Find the mean, mode and median of the following

frequency distribution.
Class 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60 60−70
Frequency 5 10 18 30 20 12 5

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
Let assumed mean be 35, h = 10.

CO N
A
Class Frequency Mid- 𝒙𝒊 − 𝑨 cf fiui
𝒖𝒊 =

PY
fi Point xi 𝒉
DO U A
T
0 – 10 5 5 -3 5 -15
ED PR

10 – 20 10 15 -2 15 -20
20 – 30 18 25 -1 33 -18
30 – 40
C

30 35 = A 0 63 0
40 – 50
©

20 45 1 83 20
50 – 60 12 55 2 95 24
60 – 70 5 65 3 100 15
N = 100 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖 = 6

(i) Mean
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖
𝑥̅ = 𝐴 + ℎ ( )
𝑁
6
= 35 + 10 ×
100

= 35.6
(ii) Median
Here:
N = 100
𝑁
= 50
2

Cf just after 50 is 63
Median class = 30 – 40
So, I = 30, h = 10, f = 30 and
Cf = Cf of preceding class i.e. 33

T IO S
We know,

I
𝑁

NO A D
Median = 𝑙 + {ℎ ×
( 2 −𝑐𝑓)
}

CO N
𝑓
A
Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get

PY
DO U A

(50−33)
T
Median = 30 + 10{ }
ED PR

30

= 30 + 5.67
C

= 35.67
©

(iii) Mode
We know, Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
= 3 × 35.67 − 2 × 35.6
= 107.01 – 71.2
= 35.81
Answer: Mean = 35.6, Median = 35.67 and Mode = 35.81.

Question 2: Find the mean, mode and median of the following data:
Class 0−20 20−40 40−60 60−80 80−100 100−120 120−140
Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3
Solution:
Class Frequency Mid-Point Fixi cf
fi xi
0 – 20 6 10 60 6
20 – 40 8 30 240 14
40 – 60 10 50 500 24

T IO S
60 – 80 12 70 840 36

I
80 – 100 6 90 540 42
NO A D
100 – 120 5 110 550 47

CO N
120 – 140
A
3 130 390 50
∑ fi = 50 ∑ fixi = 3120

PY
DO U A
(i) Mean
T
ED PR

∑ fixi
𝑥̅ = ∑ fi
3120
C

=
50
©

= 62.4
(ii) Median
Here:
N = 50
𝑁
= 25
2

Cf just after 25 is 36
Median class = 60 – 80
So, I = 60, h = 20, f = 12 and
Cf = Cf of preceding class i.e. 33
We know,
𝑁
( 2 −𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝑙 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

Substitute all the value in the above formula, we get

(25−24)
Median = 60 + 20{ }
12

= 60 + 1.67

T IO S
= 61.67

I
(iii) Mode
NO A D
CO N
We know, Mode = 3 median – 2 Mean
A

PY
= 3 × 61.67 − 2 × 62.4
DO U A

= 60.21
T
ED PR

Question 3: Find the mean, median and mode of the following data:
C
©

Class 0−50 50−100 100−150 150−200 200−250 250−300 300−350

Frequency 2 3 5 6 5 3 1
Solution:
Class Frequency Mid-Point Fixi cf
fi xi
0 – 50 2 25 50 2
50 – 100 3 75 225 5
100 – 150 5 125 625 10
150 – 200 6 175 1050 16
200 – 250 5 225 1125 21
250 – 300 3 275 825 24
300 – 350 1 325 325 25
∑ fi = 25 ∑ fixi = 4225
(i) Mean
∑ fixi
𝑥̅ = ∑ fi
4225
=
50

= 169
(ii) Median
Here:

T IO S
N = 25

I
𝑁
= 12.5NO A D
CO N
2
A
Cf just after 12.5 is 16

PY
DO U A

Median class = 150 – 200

T
ED PR

So, I = 150, h = 50, f = 6 and

Cf = Cf of preceding class i.e. 10
C
©

We know,
𝑁
( 2 −𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝑙 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

(12.5−10)
= 150 + 50{ }
6

= 150 + 20.83
= 170.83
(iii) Mode
We know, Mode = 3 median – 2 Mean
= 3 × 170.83 − 2 × 169
= 174.49
Question 4: Find the mode, median and mean for the following data:
Marks obtained 25−35 35−45 45−55 55−65 65−75 75−85
Number of students 7 31 33 17 11 1
Solution:
Class Frequency Mid-Point Fixi cf
fi xi
25 – 35 7 30 210 7
35 – 45

T IO S
31 40 1240 38
45 – 55 33 50 1650 71

I
55 – 65
NO A D 17 60 1020 88

CO N
65 – 75 11 70 770 99
A
75 – 85 1 80 80 100

PY
∑ fi = 100 ∑ fixi = 4970
DO U A
T
ED PR

(i) Mean
∑ fixi
C

𝑥̅ = ∑ fi
©

4970
=
100

= 49.70
(ii) Median
Here:
N = 100
𝑁
= 50
2

Cf just after 50 is 71
Median class = 45 – 55
So, I = 45, h = 10, f = 33 and
Cf = Cf of preceding class i.e. 38
We know,
𝑁
( 2 −𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝑙 + {ℎ × }
𝑓

(50−38)
= 145 + 10{ }
33

= 45 + 3.64

T IO S
= 48.64

I
(iii) Mode
NO A D
CO N
We know, Mode = 3 median – 2 Mean
A

PY
= 3 × 48.64 − 2 × 9.70
DO U A

= 46.52
T
ED PR

Question 5: A survey regarding the heights (in cm) of 50 girls of a

C

class was conducted and the following data was obtained:

©

Height (in cm) 120- 130- 140- 150- 160- Total

130 140 150 160 170
Number of 2 8 12 20 8 50
girls
Find the mean, median and mode of the above data.
Solution:
Assumed mean A = 145
Class interval = h = 10
 Class Frequency Mid- 𝒙𝒊 − 𝑨 cf fiui
𝒖𝒊 =
fi Point xi 𝒉
120 – 130 2 125 -2 -4 2
130 – 140 8 135 -1 -8 10
140 – 150 12 145 = A 0 0 22
150 – 160 20 155 1 20 42
160 – 170 8 165 2 16 50
N = 50 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖 = 24

T IO S
(i) Mean

I
NO A D ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖

CO N
𝑥̅ = 𝐴 + ℎ ( )
A
𝑁
24

PY
= 145 + 10 ×
DO U A
50
T
= 149.8
ED PR

(ii) Median
C

Here:
©

N = 50
𝑁
= 25
2

Cf just after 25 is 42
Median class = 150 – 160
So, I = 150, h = 10, f = 20 and
Cf = Cf of preceding class i.e. 22
We know,
𝑁
( 2 −𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝑙 + {ℎ × }
𝑓
 (25−22)
Median = 150 + 10{ }
20

= 151.5
(iii) Mode:
We know, Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
= 3 × 151.5 − 2 × 149.5
= 154.9

T IO S
Answer: Mean = 149.8, Median = 151.5 and Mode = 154.9.

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 6: The following table gives the daily income of 50 workers
of a factory:

PY
DO U A

Daily income (in Rs 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 180-200

T
ED PR

Number of workers 12 14 8 6 10
Find the mean, mode and median of the above data.
C

Solution:
©

Class Frequency Mid- 𝒙𝒊 − 𝑨 fiui cf

𝒖𝒊 =
fi Point xi 𝒉
100 – 120 12 110 -2 12 -24
120 – 140 14 130 -1 26 -14
140 – 160 8 150 = A 0 34 0
160 – 180 6 170 1 40 6
180 – 200 10 190 2 50 20
N = 50 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖 = −12

(i) Mean
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖
𝑥̅ = 𝐴 + ℎ ( )
𝑁
 −12
= 150 + 20 ×
50

= 145.2
(ii) Median
Here:
N = 50
𝑁
= 25
2

T IO S
Cf just after 25 is 26

I
NO A D
Median class = 120 – 140

CO N
A
So, I = 120, h = 20, f = 14 and

PY
DO U A
Cf = Cf of preceding class i.e. 12
T
We know,
ED PR

𝑁
( 2 −𝑐𝑓)
Median = 𝑙 + {ℎ × }
C

𝑓
©

(25−12)
Median = 120 + 20{ }
14

= 138.6
(iii) Mode:
We know, Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
= 3 × 138.6 − 2 × 145.2
= 415.8 – 190.4
= 125.4
Answer: Mean = 145.2, Median = 138.6 and Mode = 125.4.
Question 7: The table below shows the daily expenditure of food of 30
households in a locality:
Daily expenditure (in Rs.) Number of households
100 – 150 6
150 – 200 7
200 – 250 12
250 – 300 3
300 – 350 2

T IO S
Find the mean and median daily expenditure on food.

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
Let assumed mean = 225 and h = 50

PY
DO U A
Class Frequency Mid- 𝒙𝒊 − 𝑨 fiui cf
𝒖𝒊 =
T
fi Point xi 𝒉
ED PR

100 – 150 6 125 -2 -12 6

150 – 200 7 175 -1 -7 13
200 – 250
C

12 225 0 0 25
250 – 300
©

3 275 1 3 28
300 – 350 2 325 2 4 30
N = 30 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖 = −12

(i) Mean
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖
𝑥̅ = 𝐴 + ℎ ( )
𝑁
−12
= 225 + 50 ×
30

= 205
(ii) Median
Here:
N = 30
𝑁
= 15
2

Cf just after 15 is 25
Median class = 200 – 250
So, I = 200, h = 50, f = 12 and
Cf = Cf of preceding class i.e. 13

T IO S
We know,

I
𝑁

NO A D
Median = 𝑙 + {ℎ ×
( 2 −𝑐𝑓)
}

CO N
𝑓
A
(15−13)

PY
Median = 200 + 50{ }
DO U A
12
T
= 208.33
ED PR

Answer: Mean = 205, and Median = 208.33.

C
©
 Exercise 18.5
Page number: 867

Question 1: Find the median of the following data by making a ‘less

than ogive’.
Marks 0− 10− 20− 30− 40− 50− 60− 70− 80− 90−100
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

T IO S
Number 5 3 4 3 3 4 7 9 7 8

I
of
NO A D
CO N
students
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
Marks Cumulative frequency
T
Less than 10 5
ED PR

Less than 20 8
Less than 30 12
C

Less than 40 15
©

Less than 50 18
Less than 60 22
Less than 70 29
Less than 80 38
Less than 90 45
Less than 100 53

Plot points: (10, 5), (20, 8), (30, 12), (40, 15), (50, 18), (60, 22), (70, 29),
(80, 38), (90, 45) and (100, 53) to get the ‘less than type’ ogive as follows:
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

From frequency table, N = 53

𝑁
= 26.5
2

Mark y = 26.5 on y-axis

Through A, draw a horizontal line meeting the curve at P.
Through P, a vertical line is drawn which meets OX at M.
OM = 68 units
Hence, median = 68

Question 2: The given distribution shows the number of wickets taken

by the bowlers in one-day international cricket matches:
Number Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less
of than than than than than than than than
wickets 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120
Number 2 5 9 17 39 54 70 80
of
bowlers
Draw a ‘less than type’ ogive from the above data. Find the median.
Solution:

T IO S I
Plot points on graph:
NO A D
CO N
(15, 2), (30, 5), (45, 9), (60, 17), (75, 39), (90, 54), (105, 70) and (120, 80)
A
to get the ‘less than type’ ogive as follows:

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

𝑁
From frequency table, N = 80, ⇨ = 40
2

At y = 40,
Draw a horizontal line meeting the curve at P, AP
Draw a vertical line from point P which is parallel to y-axis and meets OX
at A’.
OA’ = 77 units
Median number of wickets = 77

Question 3: Draw a ‘more than’ ogive for the data given below which
gives the marks of 100 students.

T IO S
Marks 0−10 10−20 20−30 30−40 40−50 50−60 60−70 70−80

I
NO A D
Number 4 6 10 10 25 22 18 5

CO N
of
A
students

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

Marks Cumulative frequency

more than 0 100
more than 10 96
C

more than 20 90
©

more than 30 80
more than 40 70
more than 50 45
more than 60 23
more than 70 5

Plot points on the graph:

(0, 100), (10, 96), (20, 90), (30, 80), (40, 70), (50, 45), (60, 23) and (70,
5) to get the ‘more than type’ ogive as follows:
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

𝑁
From frequency table, N = 100 ⇨ = 50.
C

2
©

At y = 50
Draw a horizontal line meeting the curve at P, AP
Draw a vertical line from point P which is parallel to y-axis and meets OX
at M.
OM = 47 units
Median marks = 47

Question 4: The height of 50 girls of class X of a school are recorded

as follows:
Height 135−140 140−145 145−150 150−155 155−160 160−165
(in cm)
Number 5 8 19 12 14 2
of girls
Draw a ‘more than type’ ogive for the above data.
Solution:
Height Cumulative frequency

T IO S
more than 135 50
more than 140 45

I
NO A D
more than 145 37

CO N
more than 150 28
A
more than 155 16

PY
DO U A
more than 160 2
T
ED PR

Plot the points on the graph:

(135, 50), (140, 45), (145, 37), (150, 28), (155, 16) and (160, 2) to get the
C

‘more than type’ ogive as follows:

©
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

𝑁
From frequency table, N = 50 ⇨ = 25
C

2
©

At y = 25
Draw a horizontal line meeting the curve at P, AP
Draw a vertical line from point P which is parallel to y-axis and meets OX
at M.
OM = 151 units
Median height = 151 cm

Question 5: The monthly consumption of electricity (in units) of some

families of a locality is given in the following frequency distribution:
Monthly 140 − 160 − 180 − 200 − 220 − 240 − 260 −
consumption 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
(in units)
Number of 3 8 15 40 50 30 10
families
Prepare a ‘more than type’ ogive for the following frequency
distribution.
Solution:

T IO S I
Monthly consumption Cumulative frequency
NO A D
(in units)

CO N
more than 140 156
A
more than 160 153

PY
DO U A
more than 180 145
T
more than 200 130
ED PR

more than 220 90

more than 240 40
more than 260 10
C
©

Plot the points on the graph:

(140, 156), (160, 153), (180, 145), (200, 130), (220, 90), (240, 40) and
(260, 10) to get the ‘more than type’ ogive as follows:
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

𝑁
From frequency table, N = 156 ⇨ = 78
2
C
©

At y = 78
Draw a horizontal line meeting the curve at P, AP
Draw a vertical line from point P which is parallel to y-axis and meets OX
at M.
OM = 226 units
Median consumption of electricity = 226 units