DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

FUNCTION: RANGE, DOMAIN AND INVERSE Domain: All real numbers (since x can take
any value and y is still defined).
FUNCTION – a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that Range: y ≤ ½ (because for any x, y can
to each value of the first variable (x) there never be greater than ½).
corresponds a unique value of the second variable
y.
−1
Inverse: f ( x)=± 1−2x √
f(-1) = 0
Independent Variable – the variable x which
takes the first of the two number in the ordered pair
(x, y). Also called the argument of the function f(x). Supplementary Problems:
Dependent Variable – the second variable y in
the set of ordered pair (x, y). 1. Find the domain and the range of the
Domain – the permissible values of the functions below:
independent variable. x +3 x2
Range – the set of values taken of the independent y= y=
A. x−3 B. x 2 +2
variable.

Notation: Interval of Domain

1. a < x < b = x is simultaneously greater than
C.
y=
√ x
x+ 2
D.
y=x −
2
x
2. Find the point of discontinuity of the
a and less than b
function:
= the set is called open interval
= set of all x’s from a to b exclusive 3 x +4
y= 2
2. a ≤ x ≤ b = closed interval x −3 x +2
= the set of all x’s from a to b 3. Find the inverse of y = ex
inclusive 2 x−1
3. a ≤ x < b = half open interval
4. Given f(x) = 2 x +1
= set of all x’s greater than or equal
to a but less than b find f{f[f(1)]}

 Types of Function: Answers:

1. Implicit function: f(x,y) = 0
1. A. x ≠ 3, y ≠ 1; B. Domain: All real
There is an implied relation between
numbers, Range: 0 ≤ y < ½; C. x < -2, y
variables.
≠ 1; D. x ≠ 0, -∞<y<∞
Example: x2 – 2y2 + 1 = 0; x cosy + y cosx =
2. x = 1 and x = 2; 3.) y = ln x; 4.) – 7/3
1
2. Explicit function: y = f(x) or x = f(y).
LIMIT OF FUNCTIONS
Among the explicit functions are the linear,
quadratic, cubic and trigonometric functions. Definition
Example: a) y = 1 + x2;
y depends on the value of x The limit of a function of x or f(x) as x
x – independent variable (domain) approaches a is L is written as
b) x = 2y3 – 3; lim f ( x )=L
x depends on the value of y x →a

y – independent variable
Theorems on Limits
 Inverse of a Function
1. Limit of a constant c
Let y = f(x). The inverse of a function, denoted by
lim c=c
f −1 ( x ) , is obtained by replacing x by y and y by x, x →a
2. Limit of variable x
then solving for y.
lim x=a
x →a
Sample Problem 3. Limit of sum of two common function
1. Find the domain, the range and the inverse
lim [ f ( x )+ g( x ) ]= lim f ( x )+ lim g( x )
1−x 2 x →a x →a x →a
f ( x)= . 4. Limit of a product
of the function 2 Evaluate f(-1).
Answer:
lim [ f ( x )g (x )]= lim f ( x )[ lim g (x )]
x →a x →a x→a

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 1

 5. Limit of quotient

lim f ( x ) N ( x)
f ( x ) x →a
lim = Limits to Infinity of a Fraction D( x)
x →a g ( x ) lim g( x )
x →a
6. Limit of a radical N( x)
lim =L
√
n
lim √ f ( x )= lim f ( x )
n
x →a x →a Let x →∞ D( x )

Limit to Infinity or Zero 1. If the degree of the numerator N(x) is

less than the degree of denominator
Given a constant c and variable x D(x), then L = 0.
2. If the degree of N(x) equals of D(x) then:
lim cx
1. x →∞ = +∞ for positive c coefficient of N ( x ) with highest degree
= -∞ for negative c L=
coefficient of D ( x ) with highest degree
c
lim =0 3. If the degree of N(x) > D(x), then L = ∞.
2. x →∞ x

x Indeterminate forms
lim =
3. x →∞ c +∞ for positive c
A. 0/0 or ∞/∞ (L’Hospital’s Rule applicable)
x B. ∞ - ∞, 0(∞) L’Hospital’s Rule is not directly
lim =
x →∞ c -∞ for negative c applicable)
C. 00, ∞0, 1∞ (L’Hospital’s Rule is not directly
c
lim = applicable)
4. x →0 x +∞ for positive c
Note: If the evaluated function turned out to be in
c
lim = the form of those in B and C, change the form of
x →0 x -∞ for positive c the given function to obtain an evaluated function
in the form of that in A.
L’Hospitals Rule
Supplementary Problems
If the functions f(x) and g(x) are continuous in
an interval containing x = a, and if their derivative Evaluate the limits given below:
exists and g’(x) ≠ 0 in this interval (except possibly
at x = a), then when f(a) = 0 and g(a) = 0 sin(5 x )
lim
1. x →0 x
f ( x) f ' ( x)
lim =lim 1−cos θ
x →a g ( x ) x →a g ' (x ) lim
provided that the limit on θ→∞ 2θ
2.
the right side exists.

( )
3x
1
Evaluation of limits lim 1+
3. x →∞ x
N ( x) 1 1
−
lim =L
x →a D( x ) 3 x
Let where N(x) and D(x) are lim
polynomials in x 4. x →3 x−3

sin θ
a = any real number; L = limit lim
5. θ→0 θ

( 1x − 3 sin1 x )
Methods of Evaluation
lim
1. Direct substitution (obvious limit) 6. x →0
2. Rationalizing N(x) or D(x)
3. Expanding N(x) or D(x)

( )
3x
1
4. Combining terms N(x) or D(x) lim 1+
5. Factoring N(x) or D(x) 7. x →∞ x
6. Applying L’Hospital’s Rule
MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 2
 lim ( x +1 )ln x I. Derivative as Slope
8. x →0  The tangent to the curve with the equation y
= f(x) at P0(x0, y0) is the line through P0(x0,
x 3 −2 x +9
lim 3 y0) with slope f’(x0). That is,
9. x →∞ 2 x −8
dy
=f ' (x 0 )
Slope of tangent line = tan Θ = dx

2 x 4 −2 x 3 +9 x 2− x+7
lim
10. x→∞ x 3 −8
II. Derivative as Rate of Change
Answers:
1. 5
2. 0
6. 0
7. 1
dy
= lim ( )
Δy
dx Δx→0 Δx
3. e3 8. 1/5 The value of the derivative of the function is
4. 1/9 9. 1/2 the instantaneous rate of change of function
5. 1 10. ∞ with respect to the independent variable.

DIFFERENTIATION
Application in Mechanics: The derivative
 Derivative and Differential is employed in mechanics (i.e., dynamics) as rate of
Differential simply means change, and change of displacement and velocity with respect to
derivative is the rate of change of one variable time. By convention, s is the displacement, v is the
with respect to other. velocity and a is the acceleration of bodies or
particles in motion.
 Differential Derivative Symbols:
Speed (v) of a particle is the absolute value
2 n
dy d 2 y d n y d f (x ) d f (x) d f (x ) of the time rate of change of the displacement (or
, , or , , →
distance), measured along the curve, of the point
dx dx 2 dx n dx dx 2 dx n
Leibniz’s notation with reference to some fixed point on the curve.

Acceleration (a) of a moving point is the

ẏ = first derivative of y with time rate of change of the velocity of the point.
respect to time Newton’s
ÿ = second derivative of y with Notation s=displacement
respect to time ds
v=
dt
dv d 2 s
a= = 2
Dy, D2y, …, Dny → Euler’s Notation dt dt
f’(x), f”(x),…, fn(x) → Lagrange’s Notation DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS
2 n
∂ ∂ ∂
, ,… , → Jacobi’s Notation In the following formulas, u, v, w are functions of x
∂x ∂x 2
∂x
n
and C is any constant.
y  Derivatives of Algebraic Functions:
y = f(x) d
( c )=0
dx
d du
( cu )=c
Ԑ dx dx
∆y d du dv
( u±v )= ±
dy dx dx dx
d dv du
( uv )=u + v
dx dx dx
d dw dv du
d ( uvw )=uv +uw + vw
dx dx dx dx
x
∆x
x0

 Interpretation of Derivative

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 3

 v
du
−u
dv d du
( sinh u )=cosh u
d
dx v
u
( )= 2
v
dx dx
dx
d
dx
du
( cosh u )=sinh u
d
dx v
c
( )=− c 2
( dv / dx )
v dx dx
d n−1 du d 2 du
( u )= nu
n
( tanhu )=sec h u
dx dx dx dx
d ( du / dx )
( √ u )=
dx 2√ u
dy dy du
=
dx du dx

d du
( coth u )=−sech2 u
dx dx
d du
 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions: ( sec hu )=−sec hu tanhu
dx dx
d du d du
( sin u )=cosu ( csc hu )=csc hu coth u
dx dx dx dx
d du  Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic
( cosu )=−sin u
dx dx Functions:
d du
d
dx
( tanu )=sec 2 u
dx ( sinh−1 u )=1 du
d du
dx √u +1 dx
2
( cot u ) =−csc 2 u d
dx dx ( cosh −1 u )=1 2 du
d
( secu )=secu tan u
du dx √ u −1 dx
dx dx d
d du ( tanh−1 u ) =1 2 du
( cscu )=−csc u cot u dx 1−u dx
dx dx
d
( coth−1 u )=−1 du
 Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric
dx 1−u dx2

d
d
( arcsin u )=
1 du ( sec h−1 u ) =−1 du
dx √ 1−u 2 dx dx u √1−u 2 dx

d 1 du d ( csc h−1 u ) =−1 du

( arccos u )=−
dx √1−u 2 dx dx u √1+u 2 dx

d 1 du Sample Problems:
( arctan u )= 2 dx
Functions: dx 1+u A. Tangents and Normals
d −1 du 1. Find the equation of the line tangent to
( arc cot u )=
dx 1+u2 dx the curve
d 1 du y = 3x2 – 4x + 1 at point where x = 1
( arc sec u )=
dx u √ u −1 dx
2 Answer: 2x – y – 2 = 0
d 1 du 2. At what point on the curve y = x3 is the
( arctan u )=− normal parallel to 3x + y = 5?
dx u √ u −1 dx
2
Answer: (1/3, 1/27)
 Derivatives of Exponential Functions:
d u
( e )=e u du B. Rate of Change
dx dx
3. Sand is pouring form a spout forming a
d
( a ) =a ln a du
u u
conical pile whose altitude is always
dx dx twice the radius of the base. Find the
d
dx
( u v ) =uv( v du
u dx
+ ln u
dv
dx ) rate of change of the volume with
respect to the altitude when the latter is
 Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions: 4ft.
d 1 du Answer: 4π cubic feet/foot
( ln u ) =
dx u dx
d 1 du C. Rectilinear Motion
( log u ) = log e 4. A particle moves according to the law S
dx u dx
d 1 du = 4t2 – t3 where S is in ft. And t is in sec.
dx ( log a u ) = log a e
u dx Find the velocity and acceleration at
time t = 2 sec. Answer: 4 ft/s, -4 ft/s2
 Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions:

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 4

 ()
Tangents and Normals dy

y=f
d 2 y d dy d dt
= ( )
dx 2 dx dx dx dx
=
dt

( )
Normal line d f ' ( x )
Tangent dF
dt g ' ( x ) dt
∴ y ''= =
dx dx
dt dt
where :
f ' ( x)
F=
g'( x)

Equation of the tangent line:

y− y 1=mt ( x−x 1 )

1 Higher Derivatives
y− y 1=− ( x−x 1 )
Equation of the normal line:

Supplementary Problems:
mt d dy d 2 y
2nd derivative = dx dx
( )
= 2 = y ''
dx

1. Find the slope of the curve y = x +2x-2 at

point (1,2). Answer: -3
rd
3 derivative =
dx dx 2 ( )
d d2 y d3 y
= 3 = y '''
dx
2. Find the point on the curve y = x2 – 6x + 3
where the tangent is horizontal. Answer:
(3, -6)
3. At what point on the curve y = x4 + 1 is the
nth derivative =
dx dx n−1
dx (
d d n−1 y d n y
= n=y
( n)
)
normal line parallel to 2x + y = 5? Answer: APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES TO GRAPHING
(1/2, 17/16) OF CURVES
4. At what point on the curve y = 7x – 3x2 + 2 Radius of Curvature
where the inclination of the tangent is 45
3
degrees? Answer: (1, 6)
5. Find the point where the normal to y = x +
x1/2 + 1 at (4,7) crosses the y – axis.
[1+( y') ] ¿¿ ¿
R=¿¿
22

Answer: (0, 10 1/5)

¿
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
y = f(x)
For implicit function of the form f(x, y) = C, the
derivative of y with respect to x is obtained by
differentiating both sides of the equation with R
respect to x and solving for dy/dx.
P1(x1, y1)
Derivative of Parametric Equations:

If y = f (t) & x = g(t) are the parametric equations Where: y’ = dy/dx and y” = d2y/dx2
of a certain curve where t is the parameter, then: R = radius of curvature
dy K = curvature = 1/R
dy dt f ' ( x )
= =
dx dx g ' (x )
dt
Where: y = f(t)
x = f(t)

For second derivative of parametric equations:

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 5

 Maxima and Minima (Worded Problems):

In solving maxima and minima problems, the

following steps are to be followed
1. Make an equation that is to be maximized or
minimized.
2. If the right side of the equation has two or more
variables, then convert it to one variable only.
[Link] the equation with respect to the
chosen variable in the right side
[Link] maximize or minimize equate to zero and
solve for the unknown.

Time Rates:
Maxima & Minima Applied to Polynomial 1. Make an equation based on the given situation
Curves (construct figures if necessary)
2. If the right side of the equation has two or more
At critical points (maximum or minimum), the first variables, and if the rate of change of the other
variable are not given then convert it into one
derivative zero. variable.
At the point of inflection, the second derivative of is 3. Differentiate with respect to time
4. Substitute the boundary conditions and solve for
zero. the unknown
If y” is undefined, then the curve has no point of
inflection.

Point on Slope Change of Concavi

the curve (y’) Slope (y”) ty

Maximum y’ = 0 y” is Down
point negative ward
(decreasing
)

Minimum y’ = 0 y” is Upward
point positive
(increasing)

Point of y’ ≠ 0 y” = 0
inflection

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 6

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS MATHEMATICS
PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) REE ONLINE
REVIEW
x 3+ x
y=
1. What is the limit value of x 2 + x as x approaches to zero?
A. 1 B. 0 C. indeterminate D. 3

2. Evaluate the lim (x3 – 2x + 9)/(2x3 – 8) as x approaches infinity.

A. 0 B. ½ C. 2 D. ¼

3. Evaluate the Lim (x2 – 16)/(x – 4) as x approaches 4.

A. 1 B. 0 C. 8 D. 16

4. Evaluate the lim (x2 – 1)/(x2 + 3x – 4) as x approaches 1.

A. 3/5 B. 4/5 C. 2/5 D. 1/5

5. Evaluate the lim (2 – x)tan(πx/2)

A. e2π B. 0 C. e2/π D. infinity

1−cos x
lim x →0
6. Evaluate the x2
A. 0 B.2 C. ½ D. – ½

7. Given the function f(x) = x to the 3rd power – 6 x + 2, find the value of the first derivative at x = 2,
f(2).
A. 6 B. 3x2 – 5 C. 7 D. 8

8. What is the derivative of the function with respect to x of (x + 1) 3 – x3.

A. 3x + 3 B. 6x – 3 C. 3x – 3 D. 6x + 3

9. Differentiate (x2 + 2)1/2

A. (x2 + 1)1/2/2 B. 2x/(x + 2)1/2 C. x / (x2 + 2)1/2 D. (x2 + 2)2

10. Differentiate y = ex cos x2

A. – ex sin x2 C. ex(cos x2 – 2x sin x2)
B. excos x2 – 2xsin x2 D. – 2x ex sin x

11. Find y’ if y = x ln x – x.
A. ln x B. (ln x)/x C. xlnx D. x/ln x

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 7

 12. Differentiate, y = sec x2
A. 2x sec x2 B. 2x tan x2 C. 2 sec x2 D. 2x sec x2tan x2

13. Find y’ if y = arcsin cos x.

A. – 1 B. 1 C. – 2 D. 2

14. Find y’ if y = cosh2x – sinh2x

A. 2 cosh2x B. 1 C. 2sinh 2x D. 0

15. Find y’ if y = arc sinh cot x.

A. Csc x B. csc x cot x C. – csc x D. – csc x cot x

16. Differentiate y = log (x2 + 1)2

A. log10e (x)(x2 + 1)2 B. (4x log10e)/(x2+1) C. 4x(x2 + 1) D. 2x(x + 1)

17. Find the derivative of h with respect to u; for h = π2u.

A. π2u B. 2 π2uln π C. 2u ln π D. 2 π2u

18. Find the derivative of y with respect to x if; x = arcsine e y.

A. Tan x B. sin x C. cot x D. cos x

19. Find dy/dx or y’ for (xy)x = e.

A. – y(1 – ln xy)/x2 B. 0 C. – y(1 + ln xy)/x D. y/x

20. If y = 1/(t + 1) and x = t/(t+1) find dy/dx or y’:

A. 1 B. t C. – 1 D. – t

21. Find the derivative of y with respect to x; where x = 2 tanht & y = 4 sech t.
A. 2 sinh t B. 2 cosh t C. – 2sinht D. – 2 cosht

22. If y = 4 cosx + sin 2x, what is the slope of the curve when x = 2.
A. – 2.21 B. – 3.25 C. – 4.94 D. – 2.21

23. Find the slope of x2y = 8 at the point (2,2).

A. 2 B. – 2 C. – 1 D. ½

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 8

 24. Find the slope of the curve x2 + y2 – 6x + 10y + 5 = 0 at point (1, 0).
A. 1/3 B. 2/5 C. ¾ D. 1/5

25. Find the slope of the line having the parametric equation y = 4t + 6 and x = t + 1
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4

26. Determine the velocity of progress with the given equation, D = 20t + 5/(t + 1) when t = 4 sec.
A. 16.8 m/s B. 18.8 m/s C. 17.8 m/s D. 19.8 m/s

27. The height (in feet) at any time t (in seconds) of a projectile thrown vertically is h(t) = - 6t 2 + 256t.
How fast is the projectile traveling 10 seconds after it was thrown?
A. – 64 ft/s B. – 36 ft/s C. 40 ft/s D. 30 ft/s

28. What is the second derivative of y = x sin x

A. 2 cos x – x sin x B. 4 cos x – sin x C.3 cos2 x – x sin x D. cos2x – 3x sinx

29. Find the second derivative of y with respect to x for: 4x2 + 8y2 = 36.
A. 9/4y3 B. – 9/4y3 C. 4y3 D. – 4y3

30. Find the 60th derivative of y with respect to x for y = xex.

A. xex B. (x + 60)ex C. 60xex D. (xex)60

31. Find the 60th derivative of y with respect to x for y = x60.

A. 0 B. 59! C. 60! D. infinity

32. Given the curve y2 = 5x – 1 at point (1, -2), find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve.
A. 5x + 4y + 3 = 0 & 4x – 5y – 14 = 0 C. 5x – 4y + 3 = 0 & 4x + 5y + 14 = 0
B. 5x + 4y – 3 = 0 & 4x + 5y – 14 = 0 D. 5x – 4y – 3 = 0 & 4x + 5y – 14 = 0

33. Given the curve y = 12 – 12 x + x3, determine its maximum, minimum and inflection points.
A. (– 2, 28), (2, –4), & (0, 12) C. (–2, –28), (–2, –4), & (2,12)
B. (2, –28), (2, 4), & (0, 2) D. (–2, 28), (–2, 4), & (1, 12)

34. Find the radius of curvature and center of the ellipse 3x 2 + y2 = 12 at the point (1, 3).
A. R = (3/2)sqrt 2;C(-1/2, 3/2) C. R = 3sqrt 2; C(-1/2, -3/2)
B. R = 3sqrt 2; C(1/2, 3/2) D. R = (3/2)sqrt 2; C(1/2, -3/2)

35. Find the radius of curvature at any point curve, y + ln cos x = 0.

A. Cos x B. sec x C. 1.5707 D. 1

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 9

 36. Two posts one is 10 m high and the other 15 m high stand 30 m apart. They are to be stayed by
transmission wires attached to a single stake at ground level, the wires running to the top of the
posts. Where the stake should be placed to use the least amount of wire.

A. 12 m B. 14m C. 18 m D. 16 m

37. Find the largest area of a rectangle that could be inscribed in the ellipse, 4x 2 + 9y2 = 36
A. 12 B. 6 C. 24 D. 48

38. The lower edge of a picture is 3m, the upper edge is 5 m above the eye of an observer. At what
horizontal distance should he stand if the vertical angle subtended by the picture is to be greatest?
A. 15 m B. 3sqrt 5 m C. 5 sqrt of 3 m D. sqrt of 15 m

39. Find the minimum volume of a right circular cylinder that can be inscribed in a sphere having a
radius r.
A. 1/sqrt of 3 x volume of sphere C. sqrt. 3 times the volume of sphere
B. 2/sqrt. of 3 time the volume of sphere D. sqrt of (2/3) times the volume of sphere

40. A fencing is limited to 20 ft in length. What is the maximum rectangular area that can be fenced in
using two perpendicular corner sides of an existing wall?
A. 120 B. 140 C. 100 D. 190

41. Determine the diameter of a closed cylindrical tank having a volume of 11.3 m 3 to obtain a
minimum surface area.
A. 1.44 B. 3.44 C. 2.44 D. 4.44

42. An isosceles triangle with equal sides of 20 cm has these sides variable equal angles with the base.
Determine the maximum area attainable by the triangle.
A. 250 cm2 B. 180 cm2 C. 200 cm2 D. 300 cm2

43. A triangle has variable sides x, y, z subject to the constraint such that the perimeter P is fixed 10 18
cm. What is the maximum possible area for the triangle?
A. 15.59 cm2 B. 18.71 cm2 C. 14.03 cm2 D. 17.15 cm2

44. A box is to be constructed from a piece of zinc 20 in. square by cutting equal squares from each
corner and turning up the zinc to form the side. What is the volume of the box that can be so
constructed?
A. 599.95 in3 B. 579.50 in3 C. 592.59 in3 D. 622.49 in3

45. A poster is to contain 300 cm2 of printed matter with margins of 10 cm at the top and bottom and 5
cm at each side. Find the over-all dimensions, if the total area of the poster is a minimum.
A. 27.76 cm, 47.8 cm C. 22.24 cm, 44.5 cm
B. 20.45 cm, 35.6 cm D. 25.55 cm, 46.7 cm

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 10

 46. Find a point on the curve x2 = 2y which is nearest to a point (4, 1).
A. (2, 4) B. (2, 2) C. (4, 2) D. (2, 3)

47. Find the area of the largest rectangle that can be constructed with its base on the x –axis and two
vertices on the curve y = 8a3/(x2 + 4a2).
A. a2 B. 4a2 C. 2a2 D. 3a2

48. The value of a machine after t years of service is V(t) = 100 t2 – 3000t + 20,000 in pesos. At what
rate does the machine depreciate after 5 years?
A. – 2000 B. – 1000 C. – 7000 D. – 1000

49. Water is pouring into a swimming pool. After t hours there are t + sqrt of t gallons in the pool. At
what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 9 hours?
A. 7/6 gph B. 2/3 gph C. 1/6 gph D. ½ gph

50. Water is flowing into a conical cistern at the rate of 8 m 3/min. If the height of the inverted cone is
12 m and the radius of its circular opening is 6m. How fast is the water level rising when the water
is 4 m depth?
A. 0.74 m/min B. 0.54 m/min C. 0.64 m/min D. 0.84 m/min

51. Water is flowing into a conical vessel 15 m deep and having a radius of 3.75 m across the top. If the
rate which the water rises is 2 m/sec, how fast is the water flowing into the conical vessel when the
water is 4 cm deep?
A. 6.28 m3/s B. 2.37 m3/s C. 4.57 m3/s D. 5.73 m3/s

52. A through filled with water is 2 m long and has a cross section in the shape of an isosceles
trapezoid 30 cm wide at the bottom, 60 cm wide at the top, and a height of 50 cm. If through leaks
water at the rate of 2000 cm3 min, how fast is the water level falling when the water is 20 cm deep?
A. – 5/21 cm/s B. – 3/45 cm/s C. – 4/23 cm/s D. – 3/54 cm/s

53. A balloon leaving the ground 18 m from the observer rises 3 m/s. How fast is the angle of elevation
of the line of sight increasing after 8 seconds.
A. 0.12 rad/sec B. 0.03 rad/sec C. 0.08 rad/sec D. 0.06 rad/sec

54. A woman is walking at the rate of 4 m/s across the bridge 30 m above a river. A boat travelling 12
m/s at right angle to the roadway of the bridge pass directly beneath her. How fast is the distance
between the boat and the woman increasing 5 seconds later?
A. 10. 43 m/s B. 11.43 m/s C. 12.43 m/s D. 9.43 m/s

55. Two sides of a triangle are 6 m and 9 m respectively. If the included angle is changing at the rate of
2 radian per second, at what rate is the third side changing when the included angle is 60°?
A. 17.18 m/s B. 11.78 m/s C. 18.17 m/s D. 10.18 m/s

56. Find the approximate difference between the areas of two spheres whose radii are 4 feet and 4.05
feet.

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 11

 A. 1.6π B. 2.4 π C. 3.6 π D. 6.3 π

57. What is the allowable error in measuring the edge of a cube that is intended to hold 8 m 3, if the
error the computed volume is not to exceed 0.03 m3.
A. 0.002 B. 0.0025 C. 0.003 D. 0.001

58. Find the point in the parabola y2 = 4x at which the rate of change of the ordinate and abscissa are
equal.
A. (1, 2) B. (– 1, 4) C. (2, 1) D. (4, 4)

59. A point moves along the parabola y2 = 3x. Find the approximate change in its distance from the
origin as its x coordinate changes from 1.0 to 1.1.
A. 0.125 B. 0.543 C. 0.765 D. 0.324

MATHEMATICS – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS PROBLEM SET 5 (LECTURE) Page 12