PRACTIAL
SESSION
BASIC
COMPUTER
APPLICATION
SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY :-
[Link] MAM , [Link],
PROFESSOR , MSC (N) FIRST YEAR,
HOD OF CoHN DEPT YASHODA COLLEGE OF
YASHODA COLLEGE OF NURSING. NURSING.
BASIC APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS
What is a computer?
The term computer was taken from the Greek word compute means calculation and the
computer was a person or device that did computation. A computer is a machine used to
manipulate data or information and perform mathematical and logical operations. Modern
computers perform a wide range of tasks, store retrieve, and process information. Using a
computer we can create/modify documents, send/receive emails, browse information on the
internet, and play video games. After the invention of computer science and technology
became too advanced. Today we can not imagine growing our technology without computers.
Components of the computer system:
The various components of the computer system are classified into two groups.
•Hardware
•Software
Hardware: Hardware is the physical tangible component of the computer system.
This type of component is touchable. CPU, Mouse, Keyboard are examples of hardware
components. So, the hardware of the computer system are:
•Input Device: Input devices allow the user to enter data/information in the CPU
(Central Processing Unit). Mouse, Keyboard, scanner, barcode reader are general examples of
input devices.
•Output Device: Output devices input the processed data/information into human-readable
form. Monitor, speaker, projector, printer are general examples of output devices
•Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is referred to as the brain of a computer system. It
is used to processed data/information and provides output to output devices.
The C (control unit), AL (arithmetic and logical unit, and registers are components of the
CPU.
•Storage: In a computer, storage devices are used to store the data or information that entered
into the computer system and the output comes from processing the information or data.
2. Software: Software is a collection of programs (set of instructions), data, and protocols. It
is not in material form so we can not touch such types of components.
The execution of software programs is performed by hardware. Firmware, operating systems,
applications are examples of software.
Features of Computer
Speed: A computer is a time-saving device. It performs several calculations and tasks in few
seconds that we take hours to solve. The speed of a computer is measure in terms of
GigaHertz and Mega Hertz.
Accuracy: A calculation or task performed by a computer is accurate the chances of occurring
errors are minimal. The errors occur in a computer by entering wrong data by a human being.
A computer performs several tasks and calculations so quickly and accurately.
Memory: A computer can store billions of records as per requirement and these records can
easily accessible with full accuracy. The storing capacity of computer memory is measured in
terms of Bytes, Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabyte(GB), and Terabyte(TB).
Versatility: A computer can perform more than one task at the same time, this feature is called
versatility. For example, we can create our project using PowerPoint and Wordpad while
listening to music or we can design a website while listening to musIc.
Automation: Today the world is moving toward Al (Artificial Intelligence) based technology.
Once instructions are programmed, a computer can perform work automatically. This feature
of the computer replaces thousands of workers by performing tasks automatically.
Reliability: A computer is a reliable device. The output results never differ until the input is
different If an input is the same then output won't be different.
Dilligence: A human can not work for several hours without taking a rest whereas a computer
device never gets tired. A computer can perform millions of calculations constantly with full
accuracy without taking a rest.
Uses of Computer
Computers are used in every field of life, such as homes, businesses, educational institutions,
research organizations, the medical field, government offices,
entertainment, etc. Today we can not
imagine growing our technology without computers. The various field where the computer is
very essential are:
Role of Computer in Science: Today computer is the primary work tool in the field of
science. It is the best-suited machine for collecting, analyzing, classifying, and storing data. It
becomes the most essential medium to spread knowledge internally and internationally. It
allows scientists from different locations to work together and share ideas on the same
project.
Role of Computer in Defense System: A computer performs a vital to control defense system.
Computers are used to track airplanes, missiles, tanks, and different kinds of weapons. Once
the radar system tracks a missile and artificial intelligence is programmed to target a missile
and destroy it before it comes on the surface. It also used for GPS tracking, controlling
defense
vehicles, records of all members of the military.
Role of Computer in Medical: The computer plays a very important role in medical science
such as record patients' information monitoring heart rate, oxygen level, and blood pressure.
To conduct various surgeries junior doctors get the help of another professional doctor by
web conferencing.
Research is also spread with the help of computers in the health sector.
Role of Computer in Education: Today learning becomes easy because of computers. Anyone
employed or student can learn any stage of life with the help of a computer. Computers are
very crucial for online classes, download study material on the internet. Computers are also
used to track student attendance and learning strategies. Coaching and institutes increased
their areas by audio-visual aids using computers
Role of Computer in Banking: A computer performs a crucial role in banking sectors, by
storing several account holder details on a bank server. All transactions such as deposits and
withdrawals perform by a computer. A banking company can easily monitor all ATMs and
passbook printing machines.
Role of Computer in Government Sectors: Government can easily monitor government
sectors such as road services, railway,
development, and other rising funds. The information of every
citizen is stored on the server through the computer.
Role of Computer in Entertainment: Today most people are so busy and they do not easily get
time to fresh their mind. We can play various interesting video games using a computer. We
can watch movies, TV shows, and reality shows on the computer. A computer is also used to
create sarcastic memes and make us happy.
Types of Computers
A computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information. It processes the
input according to the set of instructions provided to it by the user and gives the desired
output. Computers are of various types and they can be categorized in two ways on the basis
of size and on the basis of data handling capabilities. So, on the basis of size, there are five
types of computers:
•Supercomputer
•Mainframe computer
• Minicomputer
• Workstation
• PC (Personal Computer)
And on the basis of data handling capabilities, there are three types of computer:
• Analogue Computer
• Digital Computer
• Hybrid Computer
Generations of Computers
The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th
century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many
changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed,
accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is
often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations:
First Generation Computers (1940-1956)
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond)
Before there are graphing calculators, spreadsheets, and computer algebra systems,
mathematicians and inventors searched for solutions to ease the burden of calculation.
Below are the 8 mechanical calculators before modern computers were invented.
1. Abacus (ca. 2700 BC)
2. Pascal's Calculator (1652)
3. Stepped Reckoner (1694)
4. Arithmometer (1820)
5. Comptometer (1887) and Comptograph (1889)
First Generation Computers: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
The technology behind the primary generation computers was a fragile glass device, which
was called vacuum tubes. These computers were very heavy and really large in size. These
weren't very reliable and programming on them was a really tedious task as they used high-
level programming language and used no OS First-generation computers were used for
calculation, storage, and control purpose. They were too bulky and large that they needed a
full room and consun rot of electricity.
Main first generation computers are:
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John
V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had been very heavy, large, and contained
18,000 vacuum tubes.
EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was designed by von Neumann.
It could store data also as instruction and thus the speed was enhanced
UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer was developed in 1952 by Eckert and Mauchly.
Main characteristics of first generation computers are:
•Main electronic component -Vacuum tube.
•Programming language - Machine language.
•Main memory - Magnetic tapes and magnetic drums.
Input/output devices - Paper tape and punched cards.
•Speed and size - Very slow and very large in size (often taking up entire room).
Examples of the first generation - IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1, etc.
Second Generation Computers: Transistors (1956-1963)
Second-generation computers used the technology of transistors rather than bulky vacuum
tubes. Another feature was the core storage. A transistor may be a device composed of
semiconductor material that amplifies a sign or opens or closes a circuit. Transistors were
invented in Bell Labs. The use of transistors made it possible to perform powerfully and with
due speed. It reduced the dimensions and price and thankfully the warmth too, which was
generated by vacuum tubes. Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, programming language
and input, and output units also came into the force within the second generation.
Programming language was shifted from high level to programming language and made
programming comparatively a simple task for programmers.
Languages used for programming during this era were FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL
(1958), and COBOL (1959).
Main characteristics of second generation computers are:-
•Main electronic component - Transistor.
•Programming language - Machine language and assembly language.
• Memory - Magnetic core and magnetic tape/disk.
• Input/output devices - Magnetic tape and punched cards.
• Power and size - Smaller in size, low power consumption, and generated less heat (in
comparison with the first generation computers).
Examples of second generation - PDP-8, IBM1400 series, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC
1107, CDC 3600 et
Third Generation Computers: Integrated Circuits. (1964-1971)
During the third generation, technology envisaged a shift from huge transistors to integrated
circuits, also referred to as IC. Here a variety of transistors were placed on silicon chips,
called semiconductors. The most feature of this era's computer was the speed and reliability.
IC was made from silicon and also called silicon chips. A single IC, has many transistors,
registers, and capacitors built on one thin slice of silicon. The value size was reduced and
memory space and dealing efficiency were increased during this generation. Programming
was now wiped out Higher level languages like BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code). Minicomputers find their shape during this era.
Main characteristics of third generation computers are:
•Main electronic component - Integrated circuits (ICs)
•Programming language - High-level language
•Memory - Large magnetic core, magnetic tape/disk
• Input / output devices - Magnetic tape, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc.
Examples of third generation - IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, NCR 395, B6500,
Fourth Generation Computers: Micro-processors (1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computers
The technology behind the fifth generation of computers is Al. It allows computers to behave
like humans. It is often seen in programs like voice recognition,
area of medicines, and
entertainment. Within the field of games playing also it's shown remarkable performance
where computers are capable of beating human competitors. The speed is highest, size is that
the smallest and area of use has remarkably increased within the fifth generation computers
Though not a hundred percent Al has been achieved to date but keeping in sight the present
developments, it is often said that this dream also will become a reality very soon.
In order to summarize the features of varied generations of computers, it is often said that a
big improvement has been seen as far because the speed and accuracy of functioning care, but
if we mention the dimensions, it's being small over the years. The value is additionally
diminishing and reliability is in fact increasing.
Main characteristics of fifth generation computers are:
Main electronic component - Based on artificial intelligence, uses the Ultra Large-Scale
Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel processing method (ULSI has millions of
transistors on a single microchip and Parallel processing method use two or more
microprocessors to run tasks simultaneously).
Language - Understand natural language (human language).
Size - Portable and small in size.
Input / output device - Trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, pen, speech input (recognize
voice/speech), light scanner, printer, keyboard, monitor, mouse, etc.
Example of fifth generation - Desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.
USES OF
TELEVISION AND
VIDEO IN
NURSING
SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY :-
[Link] MAM , [Link],
PROFESSOR , MSC (N) FIRST YEAR,
HOD OF CoHN DEPT YASHODA COLLEGE OF
YASHODA COLLEGE OF NURSING. NURSING.
USE OF TELEVISION AND VIDEO IN NURSING
EDUCATION
"A mass education media"
Television is being acknowledged as powerful medium of mass education. In Indea,
television is being useful for imparting information and distance education through the UGC
programs and other education programs.
It has the ability to bring the events and happening to the viewer in action.
Television (TV), a form of mass media based on the electronic delivery of moving images
and sound from a source to a receiver. By extending the senses of vision and hearing beyond
the limits of physical distance, television has had a considerable influence on society.
Conceived in the early 20th century as a possible medium for education and interpersonal
communication, it became by mid-century a vibrant broadcast medium, using the model of
broadcast radio to bring news and entertainment to people all over the world.
Television is now delivered in a variety of ways: "over the air" by terrestrial radio waves
(traditional broadcast TV); along coaxial cables (cable TV); reflected off of satellites held in
geostationary Earth orbit (direct broadcast satellite, or DBS, TV); streamed through the
Internet; and recorded optically on digital video discs (DVDs) and Blu-ray discs.
The technical standards for modern television, both monochrome (black-and-white) and
colour, were first established in the middle of the 20th century.
Improvements have been made continuously since that time, and television technology
changed considerably in the early 21st century. Much attention was focused on increasing the
picture resolution (high-definition television [HDTV]) and on changing the dimensions of the
television receiver to show wide-screen pictures. In addition, the transmission of digitally
encoded television signals was instituted to provide interactive service and to broadcast
multiple programs in the channel space previously occupied by one program.
Despite this continuous technical evolution, modern television is best understood first by
learning the history and principles of monochrome television and then by extending that
learning to colour. The emphasis of this article, therefore, is on first principles and major
developments-basic knowledge that is needed to understand and appreciate future
technological developments and enhancements. Because American TV programs, like
American popular culture in general in the 20th and early 21st centuries, have spread far
beyond the boundaries of the United States and have had a pervasive influence on global
popular culture, see also "television in the United States," which deals with the history and
development of TV programs.
A. Michael Noll
The development of television systems
Mechanical systems
The dream of seeing distant places is as old as the human imagination. Priests in ancient
Greece studied the entrails of birds, trying to see in them what the birds had seen when they
flew over the horizon. They believed that their gods, sitting in comfort on Mount Olympus,
were gifted with the ability to watch human activity all over the world. And the opening
scene of William Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1 introduces the character Rumour, upon
whom the other characters rely for news of what is happening in the far corners of
[Link] ages it remained a dream, and then television came along, beginning with an
accidental discovery. In 1872, while investigating materials for use in the transatlantic cable,
English telegraph worker Joseph May realized that a selenium wire was varying in its
electrical conductivity. Further investigation showed that the change occurred when a beam
of sunlight fell on the wire, which by chance had been placed on a table near the window.
Although its importance was not realized at the time, this happenstance provided the basis for
changing light into an electric signal.
In 1880 a French engineer, Maurice LeBlanc, published an article in the journal La Lumière
électrique that formed the basis of all subsequent television. LeBlanc proposed a scanning
mechanism that would take advantage of the retina's temporary but finite retainment of a
visual image.
He envisaged a photoelectric cell that would look upon only one portion at a time of the
picture to be transmitted. Starting at the upper left corner of the picture, the cell would
proceed to the right-hand side and then jump back to the left-hand side, only one line lower. It
would continue in this way, transmitting information on how much light was seen at each
portion, until the entire picture was scanned, in a manner similar to the eye reading a page of
text. A receiver would be synchronized with the transmitter, reconstructing the original image
line by line.
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The concept of scanning, which established the possibility of using only a single wire or
channel for transmission of an entire image, became and remains to this day the basis of all
television. LeBlanc, however, was never able to construct a working machine. Nor was the
man who took television to the next stage: Paul Nipkow, a German engineer who invented the
scanning disk.
Nipkow's 1884 patent for an Elektrisches Telescop was based on a simple rotating disk
perforated with an inward-spiraling sequence of holes. It would be placed so that it blocked
reflected light from the subject. As the disk rotated, the outermost hole would move across
the scene, letting through light from the first "line" of the picture. The next hole would do the
same thing slightly lower, and so on. One complete revolution of the disk would provide a
complete picture, or "scan," of the [Link] Logie Baird standing next to his television
transmitter of 1925-26. To Baird's left in the case is "Stookie Bill," a ventriloquist's dummy
that was scanned by the spinning Nipkow disk in order to produce a picture signal.(more)
This concept was eventually used by John Logie
Baird in Britain (see the photograph) and Charles Francis Jenkins in the United States to
build the world's first successful televisions. The question of priority depends on one's
definition of television. In 1922 Jenkins sent a still picture by radio waves, but the first true
television success, the transmission of a live human face, was achieved by Baird in 1925.
(The word television itself had been coined by a Frenchman, Constantin Perskyi, at the 1900
Paris Exhibition.)
The efforts of Jenkins and Baird were generally greeted with ridicule or apathy.
As far back as 1880 an article in the British journal Nature had speculated that television was
possible but not worthwhile: the cost of building a system would not be repaid, for there was
no way to make money out of it. A later article in Scientific American thought there might be
some uses for television, but entertainment was not one of them. Most people thought the
concept was lunacy.
Nevertheless, the work went on and began to produce results and competitors. In 1927 the
American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) gave a public demonstration of the
new technology, and by 1928 the General Electric Company (GE) had begun regular
television broadcasts. GE used a system designed by Ernst F.W. Alexanderson that offered
"the amateur, provided with such receivers as he may design or acquire, an opportunity to
pick up the signals," which were generally of smoke rising from a chimney or other such
interesting subjects. That same year Jenkins began to sell television kits by mail and
established his own television station, showing cartoon pantomime programs. In 1929 Baird
convinced the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) to allow him to produce half-hour
shows at midnight threetimes a week. The following years saw the first "television boom,"
with thousands of viewers buying or constructing primitive sets to watch primitive programs.
Not everyone was entranced. C.P. Scott, editor of the Manchester Guardian, warned:
"Television? The word is half Greek and half Latin. No good will come of it." More
important, the lure of a new technology soon paled. The pictures, formed of only 30 lines
repeating approximately 12 times per second, flickered badly on dim receiver screens only a
few inches high. Programs were simple, repetitive, and ultimately boring. Nevertheless, even
while the boom collapsed a competing development was taking place in the realm of the
electron.
Electronic systems
The final, insurmountable problems with any form of mechanical scanning were the limited
number of scans per second, which produced a flickering image, and the relatively large size
of each hole in the disk, which resulted in poor resolution. In 1908 a Scottish electrical
engineer, A.A. Campbell Swinton, wrote that the problems "can probably be solved by the
employment of two beams of kathode rays" instead of spinning disks. Cathode rays are
beams of electrons generated in a vacuum tube. Steered by magnetic fields or electric fields,
Swinton argued, they could "paint" a fleeting picture on the glass screen of a tube coated on
the inside with a phosphorescent material. Because the rays move at nearly the speed of light,
they would avoid the flicker problem, and their tiny size would allow excellent resolution.
Swinton never built a set (for, as he said, the possible financial reward would not be enough
to make it worthwhile), but unknown to him such work had already begun in Russia. In
1907 Boris Rosing, a lecturer at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, put together
equipment consisting of a mechanical scanner and a cathode-ray-tube receiver. There is no
record of Rosing actually demonstrating a working television, but he had an interested
student named Vladimir Zworykin, who soon emigrated to America.
In 1923, while working for the Westinghouse Electric Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
Zworykin filed a patent application for an all-electronic television system, although he was as
yet unable to build and demonstrate it. In 1929 he convinced David Sarnoff, vice president
and general manager of Westinghouse's parent company, the Radio Corporation of America
(RCA), to support his research by predicting that in two years, with $100,000 of funding, he
could produce a workable electronic television system. Meanwhile, the first demonstration of
a primitive electronic system had been made in San Francisco in 1927 by Philo Farnsworth, a
young man with only a high-school. education. Farnsworth had garnered research funds by
convincing his investors that he could market an economically viable television system in six
months for an investment of only $5,000. In the event, it took the efforts of both men and
more than $50 million before anyone made a profit.
With his first hundred thousand dollars of RCA research money, Zworykin developed a
workable cathode-ray receiver that he called the Kinescope. At the same time, Farnsworth
was perfecting his Image Dissector camera tube. In
1930 Zworykin visited Farnsworth's laboratory and was given a demonstration of the Image
Dissector. At that point a healthy cooperation might have arisen between the two pioneers,
but competition, spurred by the vision of corporate profits, kept them apart. Sarnoff offered
Farnsworth $100,000 for his patents but was summarily turned down. Farnsworth instead
accepted an offer to join RCA's rival Philco, but he soon left to set up his own firm.
KINDS OF TELEVISION BROADCASTS
Live broadcast:
Under this system, educational events are directly broadcasted. Immediate transmission of the
programs to a large number of audiences is possible through the live telecast.
Related to BROADCAST RECORDING
• broadcast means the transmission, relaying or distribution by wireless telegraphy of
communications, sounds, signs, visual images or signals, intended for direct reception by the
general public whether such communications, sounds, signs, visual images or signals are
actually received or not;
• broadcasting station means a station in the broadcasting service.
• Television means a system for transmitting visual images and sound that are reproduced on
screens, and includes broadcast, cable, on-demand, satellite, or internet programming.
Television includes any video programming downloaded or streamed via the internet.
sound recording means a recording of music, poetry, or spoken-word performance, but does
not include the audio portions spoken and recorded as part of a motion picture, video,
theatrical production, television news coverage, or athletic event.
rebroadcasting means the simultaneous broadcasting by one broadcasting organisation of the
broadcast of another broadcasting organisation.
• Media means physical devices or writing surfaces including, but is not limited to, magnetic
tapes, optical disks, magnetic disks, large-scale integration memory chips, and printouts onto
which information is recorded, stored, or printed within an information system.
• broadcasting means the transmission by wireless means for public reception of sounds or of
images and sounds or of the representations thereof; such transmission by satellite is also
"broadcasting"; transmission of encrypted signals is "broadcasting" where the means for
decrypting are provided to the public by the broadcasting organization or with its consent;
• Video means simulated movement created by the display of a series of images creating the
illusion of continuous movement.
• Recording means the electronic, mechanical, stenographic or other recording made as
required by Indiana Rule of Trial Procedure 74.
CLOSE CIRCUIT TELEVISION BROADCAST
(CCTV)
CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed
but are monitored, primarily for surveillance and security
purposes.
CCTV relies on strategic placement of cameras and private observation of the camera's input
on monitors. The system is called "closed-circuit" because the cameras, monitors and/or
video recorders communicate across a proprietary coaxial cable run or wireless
communication link. Access to data transmissions is limited by design.
Older CCTV systems used small, low-resolution black and white monitors with no interactive
capabilities. Modern CCTV displays can be high-resolution color, providing the CCTV
administrator with the ability to zoom in on an image or track something (or someone). Talk
CCTV allows the administrator to speak to people within range of the camera's associated
speakers.
CCTV is commonly used for a variety of purposes, including:
• Maintaining perimeter security.
• Monitoring traffic.
• Obtaining a visual record of human activity.
The use of CCTV surveillance in public places has fueled privacy concerns in many parts of
the world.
MERITS OF TELEVISION AS EDUCATIONAL TOOL
1. Maximum learning. It involves audio and visual senses, hence it maximizes learning.
2. Directs attention. It directs the attention of the student's to the exact detail of the object
which he should see by eliminating distracting! Surroundings
3. Provides technical advantages. It provides technical advantages not readily available for
normal classrooms for illustration or demonstration. It makes possible close up of small
objects, components, diagrams etc. giving student a
"front-row seat."
4. Economical. It saves time, efforts and cost of setting classroom equipment.
5. Expert-teaching. T.V. lessons are given by the qualified and good teachers.
Students get the privilege to attend their class. They can teach lesson in a better way.
6. Up to date information. It permits inclusion of up-to-the | moment information,
modification, new equipment or techniques to the teaching.
7. Model for the class teacher. It provides teacher the opportunity to observe the instructional
methods and ideas of their experts and to increase his own knowledge.
8. Use of the teaching aids. The course can be drawn upon many audio-visual teaching
materials usually not available to classroom teaching.
9. 9. It makes possible to bring large, scarce, or new equipment into the classroom.
10. Motivates gifted students. Gifted children benefit especially because they can do
advanced work beyond what is usually available to them in their classroom.
LIMITATION OF TELEVISION AS EDUCATIONAL TOOL
Advantages of Educational Television:
(1) Television experience, which is a combination of sound and picture received
instantaneously on the TV screen, it comes closer than any other contrived experience to that
of real it'.
(2) Television makes it possible for the talents of the best teachers to be put at the disposal of
all schools.
(3) Television can employ all other audio and visual aids and combine their effectiveness in
the air medium. Pictures, charts, films, micro slides, graphs, boards, overhead projector can
all be employed in the technique of teaching by TV.
Disadvantages of Television
Nowadays, almost every house has a tv set for entertainment and information.
As we discussed above, there are lots of advantages to watching television.
But besides a lot of benefits, TV has some disadvantages as well. We cannot ignore its
adverse side effects. These side effects severely affect our life and health as well.
Here we will discuss in details about the disadvantages of watching television point-wise to
under better.
1. Negative effect on health
Watching most of the time, television is not suitable for health. It is the foremost significant
side effect of watching tv mostly on kids. If we watch television most of the time, then we
will face lots of health-related problems as body pain, back pain, eye irritation pain.
In every house, people and mostly kids watch the full television days and sitting on the sofa
or chairs. For this, children and adults do not go outside for playing or any sports activities.
Kids are becoming addicted to watching cartoon channels. Because of this, they become
more irritative. The one major reason for obesity in kids is watching television for long hours.
At the time of eating and drinking, kids like to sit only in place of walking after a meal.
2. Wastage of time
The television is an excellent source of joy and entertainment, but the excessive use of
television is so harmful to the kids and adults both. If any popular serial or programs come on
TV, then all people or all members collect in the television room to watch.
But usually, time-wasting is there to watch unnecessary serials or programs. In examinations
time mostly kids waste time to see the tv.
3. Lack of meeting with families
For television and its channels of popularity, it is seen that families and kids avoid going
anywhere to meet at the time of their favorite program. In sports seasons and particular
program, time fond of television does not go out or anywhere as they want to sit only in front
of the TV.
Because of this distance between the two families increase. In this way, television is not as
good as people give priority to tv more.
Adverse effect on children and kids - Various numbers of programs broadcasted which are
not suitable and related to children's mentality as per their age who are less than 18 years old.
These types of plans leave a terrible impression on children, and they adopt the wrong way,
affecting their study and career.
4. Encourage the disputes
Because of television, new conflicts and arguments happen in families. Some shows leave a
wrong impression on the mind of males and females, and their thinking changes a lot. For
these changes, they become compelled to fight, and unexpected disputes take birth.
5. Addiction to Cartoons
Each house is severely affected because of cartoon channels, and the kids and children are so
addicted and like a mad to watch the different cartoon channels. Kids sit on the sofa for long
hours, and they do not feel hungry and other things. Only they concentrate on cartoons.
Because of this, children do not go out for the play, and so their physical activities go down.
Lots of parents are so anxious and worry for this habit and addiction to children. It affects the
mindset of kids and children severely.
6. The negative impact of a false advertisement
We see that day by day, the crowd around a false ad on television is increasing quick. Many
ads come on tv. These are like: a variety of local and branded products are also being sold
through advertisement.
Most of these advertisements are fake and against the rule and mindset of children and kids.
Because of this, they like only that item, whatever does not bother.
Some advertisements are related to only adults, but if they sit with kids and children, then
they also watch this and their mind disturbed and change from their career and study.
Conclusion
In the above discussion and analysis of television utility and its advantages and
disadvantages, we conclude that the use of television is a useful invention. Still, the use of tv
gives many side effects if not used properly.
There should be a balance in usage, and especially for kids and children, we should be more
conscious and try to avoid unwanted and unsuitable programs.
Anything if used more than limit and improper, then it is harmful.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Nursing education principles and concepts R Sudha 2nª edition
The chapter of 3. Instructional media and methods page no: 139-140