IGCSE Mathematics Extended

Homework Compilation - Semester 1

INSTRUCTOR: HAI-TRIEU V. NGUYEN

Contents
1 Expansion 2

2 Factorization 3

3 Equations and Inequalities 4

4 Sets 5

5 Exponents and Surds 7

6 Formulae and Rearrangement 8

7 Simultaneous Equations 9

8 Applications of Equations 10

9 Introduction to 2D Geometry 11

10 Pythagorean Theorem 13

11 Circle Geometry 14

12 2D Mensuration 15

13 3D Mensuration, Part 1 17

14 3D Mensuration, Part 2 18

15 Similarity 19

16 Coordinate Geometry 20

17 Straight Lines, Part 1 21

18 Straight Lines, Part 2 22

19 Quadratic Equations 23

20 Quadratic Functions, Part 1 24

21 Quadratic Functions, Part 2 25

22 Algebraic Fractions 26

1
1 Expansion
CHAPTER 1: ALGEBRA (EXPANSION AND FACTORIZATION )

1. Expand and simplify:

a) (x + 5)(x − 4)
b) (1 − 2x)(4x + 1)
c) (4 − x)(2x + 3)

2. Expand and simplify using the rule (a + b)(a − b) = a2 − b2 :

a) (2x − 1)(2x + 1)
b) (3x + 2)(3x − 2)
c) (4 y − 5)(4 y + 5)

3. Expand and simplify:

a) (3x + 4)2
b) (2a − 3)2
c) (3 y + 1)2

4. Expand and simplify:

a) 3x + 1 − (x + 3)2
b) 5x − 2 + (x − 2)2

5. Expand and simplify:

a) (x + 2)(x 2 + x + 4)
b) (x + 3)(x 2 + 2x − 3)
c) (x − 3)(x − 2)(x − 5)

2
2 Factorization
CHAPTER 1: ALGEBRA (EXPANSION AND FACTORIZATION)
The first 3 problems deal with standard factorization

1. Fully factorise:

a) x 2 + 2x
b) 5x − 2x 2
c) 4(x + 2) − x(x + 2)
d) (x − 2)2 − 6(x − 2)

2. Fully factorise:

a) 3x 2 − 27
b) −2x 2 + 8
c) x 2 − 6x + 9
d) 25x 2 − 10x + 1

3. Factorise:

a) x 2 − 4x + 5x − 20
b) x 2 − 7x + 2x − 14

The next 3 problems deal with quadratic factorization

4. Factorise:

a) x 2 + 4x + 3
b) x 2 + 14x + 24
c) x 2 − 11x + 28

5. Fully factorise by first removing a common factor:

a) 2x 2 + 10x + 8
b) 3x 2 − 21x + 18
c) 2x 2 + 14x + 24

6. Fully factorise by first removing a common factor:

a) x 3 − 3x 2 − 28x
b) −x 3 + x 2 + 2x
c) x 4 + 2x 3 + x 2

3
3 Equations and Inequalities
CHAPTER 3: ALGEBRA (EQUATION AND I NEQUALITIES )

1. Solve for x:

a) 8 − x = −3
b) −4x = 22
x
c) 2 + 3 = −5
x
d) 4 − 2 = −5

2. Solve for x:
2x+3 1
a) 5 = 2
x+6 x
b) 2 = 3
2x−11
c) 7 = 3x5

3. (Hint: Make sure that both sides are written in fractions) Solve for x:
x x
a) 2 − 6 =4
x 2x
b) 4 −3= 3

4. Solve for x:

a) x 3 = 11
b) x 5 = 23
x 4
c) 3 = x
x 8
d) 2 = x

5. Solve the following inequalities:

a) 3x + 2 > x − 5
b) 2x − 3 < 5x − 7
c) 5 − 2x ⩾ x + 4

4
4 Sets
CHAPTER 2: SETS

1. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . . , 12}, S = {2, 4, 7, 9, 11} and T = {4, 11}.

a) Find: i n(U) ii n(S) iii n(T ).

b) List the sets S ′ and T ′ .
c) True or false? iS⊆U ii S ⊆ T
d) True or false? i5∈S /T
ii 5 ∈

2. List the elements of the set S which contains the:

a) factors of 6
b) multiples of 6
c) factors of 17
d) multiples of 17
e) prime numbers less than 20

3. Write the following sets using interval notations:

a) A = {x | 5 − 2x ≥ x + 4}
b) B = {x | 3x − 2 < 2(x − 1) + 5x}
c) C = {x | x ≤ 5 and x ≥ −1}
d) D = {x | x ≥ 4 or x ≤ −4}

4. If U = {positive integers ⩽ 12}, A = {primes ⩽ 12} and B = {factors of 12}:

a) List the elements of the sets A and B.

b) List the elements in:
i) A′
ii) A ∩ B
iii) A ∪ B
c) Find:
i) n(A ∩ B)
ii) n(A ∪ B)
iii) n(B ′ )

5. Consider U = {x | x ⩽ 12, x ∈ N}, A = {2, 7, 9, 10, 11} and B = {1, 2, 9, 11, 12}.

a) List the elements of:

i) A ∩ B
ii) A ∪ B
iii) B ′
b) Find:
i) n(A)
ii) n(B ′ )
iii) n(A ∩ B)
iv) n(A ∪ B)

5
6. Consider the following statements. Give an explanation for why they are True/False: True or
false?

a) N ⊆ Z
b) R ⊆ Q
c) Z ⊆ Q

6
5 Exponents and Surds
CHAPTER 6: EXPONENTS AND SURDS

1. Simplify using the index laws:

24
a) 23
35
b) 32

6
c) 23

5
d) 102

2. Express the following in simplest form, without brackets:

3
a) 2b4
Ä ä2
b) x 32 y

2
c) 5a4 b
Ä 3 ä4
m
d) 2n 2

3. Write the following without brackets or negative indices:

−2
a) 1t
b) (3pq)−1
(x y)3
c) y −2

4. Simplify:
p p p p
a) 3 2 + 2 3 − 2 + 5 3
p p p p
b) 7 2 − 4 3 − 2 2 + 3 3
p p p p
c) −6 2 − 2 3 − 2 + 6 3
p p p p
d) 2 5 + 4 2 + 9 5 − 9 2

5. Simplify:
p p
a) 3 3 × 2 2
p p
b) 2 3 × 3 5
p
c) p18
2
p
d) p2
18

6. Expand and simplify:

p p
a) (1 + 2)(2 + 2)
p
b) (2 − 3)2
p p
c) ( 5 − 2)( 5 + 2)

7. Rationalise the denominator:

1p
a) 3− 5
1p
b) 2+ 3
1
c) p
4− 11

7
6 Formulae and Rearrangement
CHAPTER 7: FORMULAE AND SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

1. The circumference of a circle is C = 2πr, where r is the radius of the circle.

a) Rearrange the formula so that r is the subject.

b) Based on your answer to (a), find the radius when the circumference is 10 cm and 20 cm.

2. A circle’s area A is given by A = πr 2 where r is the length of its radius.

a) Find the area of a circle of radius 6.4 m.

b) Rearrange the formula so that r is the subject. What is the restriction on r?
c) Based on your answer to (b), find the radius of the circle whose area is 160 m2 .

3. For (a) and (b), make z the subject. For (c), make T the subject:
b z
a) =
z n
z
b) =a−b
a
PRT
c) I =
100
4. For (a), make r the subject. For (b), make Q the subject. For (c), make h the subject:
4 3
a) V = πr
3
b) P 2 = Q2 + R2
c) A = πr 2 + 2πrh

5. Make x the subject:

x
a) y =
x +1
x −3
b) y =
x +2
3x − 1
c) y =
x +3

8
7 Simultaneous Equations
CHAPTER 7: FORMULAE AND SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

1. Find the simultaneous solution to the following pairs of equations:

a) y = x − 2, y = 3x + 6
b) y = x + 2, y = 2x − 3
c) y = 6x − 6, y = x + 4

2. Use the substitution method to solve simultaneously:

a) x = 1 − 2 y, 2x + 3 y = 4
b) x = −4 − 2 y, 2 y − 3x = 8
c) x = − y − 8, 2x − 4 y = 5

3. Solve the following using the method of elimination:

a) 5x − y = 4, 2x + y = 10
b) 3x − 2 y = 7, 3x + 2 y = −1
c) −5x − 3 y = 14, 5x + 8 y = −29

4. Solve the following using the method of elimination:

a) 2x + y = 8, x − 3 y = 11
b) 3x + 2 y = 7, x + 3 y = 7
c) 5x − 2 y = 17, 3x − y = 9

5. a) Try to solve by substitution: y = 2x + 5 and y = 2x + 7.

b) What is the simultaneous solution for the equations in a? Explain your answer.

6. a) Try to solve by substitution: y = 4x + 3 and 2 y = 8x + 6.

b) How many simultaneous solutions do the equations in a have? Explain your answer.

9
8 Applications of Equations
CHAPTER 10: TOPICS IN ARITHMETIC

1. The sum of four consecutive odd natural numbers is 40. Find those four numbers.

2. The sum of three consecutive multiples of 3 is 36. Find those three numbers.

3. A cylinder has a volume of 150.8 cm3 , with its height being 3 cm. Find the radius of the base.

4. (Hint: This one applies power equation) 16 shirts are sold for x dollars. On the other hand,
x shirts are sold for 4 dollars.

a) Find the price for ONE shirt in two ways.

b) Formulate an equation and solve for x.

5. (Hint: Read the example on Slide 12) Four nectarines and three peaches cost £2.90, and three
nectarines and a peach cost £1.90. Find the cost of each fruit.

6. The average of two numbers is 20. If one of the numbers is doubled and the other is trebled,
the average increases to 52. Find the numbers.

10
9 Introduction to 2D Geometry
CHAPTER 4: LINES, ANGLES, AND POLYGONS

1. Find the unknown angles in the following cases:

2. Find the unknown angles in the following triangles:

3. Find the values of x in the following polygons:

11
4. Find the values of x and y:

12
10 Pythagorean Theorem
CHAPTER 8: THE THEOREM OF PYTHAGORAS

1. Find x in the following, giving your answers in simplest surd form:

2. Find the values of x, giving your answers correct to 3 significant figures:

3. Find the value of any unknowns, giving answers in surd form:

4. Determine which of the following triangles are right triangles:

5. A rhombus has sides of length 6 cm. One of its diagonals is 10 cm long. Find the length of the
other diagonal.

6. A square has diagonals of length 10 cm. Find the length of its sides.

13
11 Circle Geometry
CHAPTER 27: CIRCLE GEOMETRY

1. Find the unknown angles:

2. Find the value of x:

3. AT is a tangent to a circle with centre O. The circle has radius 5 cm and AB = 7 cm. Find the
length of the tangent.

4. A circle has center O and a radius of 8 cm. Chord AB is 13 cm long. Find the shortest distance
from the chord to the centre of the circle.

5. AB is a diameter of a circle and AC is half the length of AB. If BC is 12 cm long, what is the
radius of the circle?

14
12 2D Mensuration
CHAPTER 9: MENSURATION (LENGTH AND AREA)

1. Find the area:

2. Find the area:

3. Find,

a) the length of arc AB

b) the perimeter of sector OAB
c) the area of sector OAB.

4. Find the perimeter and area:

15
5. Given the following trapezoid: Follow the following guidance to find its area:

a) Draw the heights (2 of them). Could you derive any length on the bottom base?
b) Think about the Pythagorean Theorem. Use it to find the height.
c) From there find the area of the trapezoid.

16
13 3D Mensuration, Part 1
CHAPTER 11: MENSURATION (SOLIDS AND CONTAINER)

1. Find the surface area and volume of the following triangular prism:

2. Find the surface area and volume of the following pyramid:

3. A hexagonal pyramid has a height of 8 cm. The length of each side of the base is 6 cm.

a) Draw the figure.

First, we want to find the volume of the figure, so we need the area of the base. If you draw
the 3 diagonals of the hexagon, then you split the base into 6 triangles. (Hint: What’s the type
of those)

b) Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the area of the one small triangle.
c) From there find the area of the base and thus the volume.

Now, we want to find the surface area of the figure. From the previous part you should have
drawn the height of the small triangle.

d) Using the Pythagorean theorem for the height of the pyramid and the height of the small
triangle, what is the next thing that you could find? Calculate it.
e) Using the result from d), find the surface area.

17
14 3D Mensuration, Part 2
CHAPTER 11: MENSURATION (SOLIDS AND CONTAINER)

1. Find the surface area of the following cylinder:

2. Find the surface area and the volume of the following cones:

3. Find the volume and surface area of the following compound figures:

4. Calculate the volume in the model train tunnel illustrated.

18
15 Similarity
1. In the following, establish that a pair of triangles is similar, then find x.

2. The side lengths of triangle A are 5 cm, 6 cm and 7 cm. The longest side of a similar triangle
B is 28 cm. Find:

a) the scale factor when enlarging triangle A to give triangle B

b) the length of the other two sides of triangle B
c) the ratio of their areas.

3. In the given figure, BE = 6 cm, AE = 4 cm and △ADE has area 16 cm2 . Find:

a) the scale factor to enlarge △ADE into △AC B

b) the area of △ABC
c) the area of DEBC.

4. Consider the following similar solids. Find the unknown length or volume:

5. The surface areas of two similar cylinders are 6 cm2 and 54 cm2 respectively.

a) If the larger cylinder has height 12 cm, find the height of the smaller one.
b) If the volume of the smaller cylinder is 24 cm3 , find the volume of the larger one.

19
16 Coordinate Geometry
CHAPTER 12: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1. Find the distance between the following pairs of points:

a) A(3, 1) and B(5, 3)

b) C(−1, 2) and D(6, 2)

2. Classify triangle ABC as either equilateral, isosceles or scalene:

a) A(3, −1), B(1, 8), C(−6, 1)

b) A(1, 0), B(3, 1), C(4, 5)
c) A(−1, 0), B(2, −2), C(4, 1)
p p p
d) A( 2, 0), B(− 2, 0), C(0, − 5)

3. Show that the following triangles are right angled. In each case state the right angle.

a) A(−2, −1), B(3, −1), C(3, 3)

b) A(−1, 2), B(4, 2), C(4, −5)
c) A(1, −2), B(3, 0), C(−3, 2)
d) A(3, −4), B(−2, −5), C(2, 1)

4. Find a given that:

a) P(2, 3) and Q(a, −1) are 4 units apart

b) P(−1, 1) and Q(a, −2) are 5 units apart
p
c) X(a, a) is 8 units from the origin

5. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment joining the pairs of points:

a) (8, 1) and (2, 5)

b) (2, −3) and (0, 1)
c) (3, 0) and (0, 6)

20
17 Straight Lines, Part 1
CHAPTER 12: STRAIGHT LINES

1. Find the equation of a line passing through:

a) (−1, 1) and (2, 7)

b) (2, 0) and (6, 2)
c) (−3, 3) and (6, 0)

2. Find the equation connecting the variables given:

3. Find the equation of a line:

a) which cuts the x-axis at 5 and the y-axis at -2

b) which cuts the x-axis at -1, and passes through (−3, 4)

4. Find the slope and intercepts of the following lines:

a) y = 3 − 2x
b) y = −1 + 21 x
3x+1
c) y = 2

5. Find a given that:

a) (3, a) lies on y = 12 x + 1
2
b) (−2, a) lies on y = −3x + 7
c) (a, 4) lies on y = 2x − 6
d) (a, −1) lies on y = −x + 3

6. Find the equation of

a) the line with zero slope that passes through (−1, 3)

b) the line with undefined slope that passes through (4, −2)
c) the x-axis
d) the y-axis

21
18 Straight Lines, Part 2
CHAPTER 14: STRAIGHT LINES

1. Given the points A(1, 4), B(−1, 0), C(6, 3) and D(t, −1), find t if:

a) AB is parallel to CD
b) AC is parallel to DB
c) AD is perpendicular to BC.

2. Given A(3, 5), B(8, 5), C(5, 1) and D(0, 1):

a) Plot A, B, C and D on a set of axes.

b) Show that ABCD is a rhombus.
c) Find the midpoints of AC and BD.
d) Show that AC and BD are perpendicular.

(Hint: a rhombus has four equal sides)

3. Find the slope and intercepts of the following lines:

a) x + 3 y = 6
b) x − 4 y = −8
c) 3x + 5 y = 5

4. Find the equation of a line which is:

a) parallel to a line with slope 2, and passes through the point (−1, 4)
b) parallel to the line 3x + 4 y = 6 and passes through (2, 1)
c) perpendicular to the line 5x + 2 y = 10 and passes through (−1, −1)
d) perpendicular to the line x − 3 y + 6 = 0 and passes through (−4, 0)

5. 2x − 3 y = 6 and 6x + k y = 4 are two straight lines.

a) Write down the slope of each line.

b) Find k if the lines are parallel.
c) Find k if the lines are perpendicular.

6. Find the intersection of two straight lines:

a) 3x − 2 y = 1 and x + y = 2.
b) 4x − 2 y = −2 and 2x + 3 y = 1.

22
19 Quadratic Equations
CHAPTER 21: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

1. Solve for x:

a) (x − 1)2 = 9
b) (x + 4)2 = 16
c) (x + 2)2 = −1

2. Solve for x using factorization and then the null factor law:

a) 21x = 3x 2
b) −2x 4 + 2x 2 = 0
c) x 3 + x 2 − 4x − 4 = 0

3. Use the quadratic formula to solve for x, giving exact answers:

a) x 2 + 4x − 3 = 0
b) x 2 + 6x + 1 = 0
c) x 2 + 4x − 7 = 0

4. Use the quadratic formula to solve for x:

5
a) x + 2 = x−1
b) (x + 1)2 = 3 − x 2
x+2 x
c) x−1 = 2

5. Solve for x:
p
a) x + 2 x − 8 = 0
b) x 4 − 7x 2 + 12 = 0
c) x 4 = 4x 2 + 5

23
20 Quadratic Functions, Part 1
CHAPTER 21: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

1. From a table of values for x = −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 sketch the graph of:

a) y = x 2 − 2x + 8
b) y = −x 2 + 2x + 1
c) y = 2x 2 + 3x

2. Sketch the graph of the quadratic function with:

a) x-intercepts −1 and 1, and y-intercept −1

b) x-intercepts −3 and 1, and y-intercept 2
c) x-intercepts 2 and 5, and y-intercept −4
d) x-intercept 2 and y-intercept 4.

3. Find the intercepts of:

a) y = x 2 + 3x + 3
b) y = x 2 − 5x + 2
c) y = 2x 2 + 7x − 8

4. For each of the following quadratic functions find:

i) the axes intercepts

ii) the coordinates of the vertex
iii) the line of symmetry

a) y = x 2 − 2x − 8
b) y = x 2 + 3x
c) y = 4x − x 2
d) y = −(x − 2)(x − 4)
e) y = 2(x + 3)(x + 2)

24
21 Quadratic Functions, Part 2
CHAPTER 21: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

1. For each of the following graphs, find the function they represent in the form y = a(x −h)2 +k.

2. Find the quadratic function with:

a) vertex (1, −4) and y-intercept -7

b) vertex (−2, 3) and y-intercept 15
c) vertex − 23 , − 11
4 and passes through (1, −9)

d) vertex (−8, 135) and passes through (1, −27)

Give your answers in the form a x 2 + b x + c.

3. Write the following parabolas in factorized form:

a) y = 4x − x 2
b) y = −x 2 − 6x − 8
c) y = −2x 2 − 4x − 2

4. If y = x 2 + b x + c, find the general form of the function if the intercepts are:

a) -4 and 1
b) -5 and 2
c) -7 and 0.

5. For the following parabolas:

i) First, find the equation in factorized form,

ii) Find the vertex.

a) x-intercepts 1 and 4 and passes through the point (0, −12)

b) x-intercepts -2 and 3 and passes through the point (4, 18)
c) x-intercepts -4 and 5 and passes through the point (−1, 36)
3
d) x-intercepts 2 and 3 and passes through the point (1, 2)

25
22 Algebraic Fractions
CHAPTER 16: ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
1. State the restriction, then simplify:
2x 2 − 3x − 20
x 2 − x − 12
2. Write as a single fraction:
a)
2 3
+
x +1 x −2
b)
5 7
+
x +1 x +2
c)
5 4
−
x −1 x +2
3. Simplify:
a)
2x + 8 10
· 2
5 x − 16
b)
x2 − x − 2 x − 2
÷
x +1 5
c)
x 2 + x − 2 x 2 + 3x − 10
· 2
x2 − 4 x + 7x + 10
d)
x2 − 4 x 2 + 7x + 10
÷
x 2 + 3x x 2 + 8x + 15
4. (A bit more challenging) Simplify:
a)
x
x−2 −3
x −3
b)
3x
x+4 −1
x −2
c)
x2
x+2 −1
x +1
5. Solve for x:
a)
2x 1
=
3x + 1 x +2
b)
2x + 1
= 3x
x
c)
x +2 x
=
x −1 2

26
6. Solve for x:

a)
6 4
+ =4
x +1 x
b)
3 5
+ = −2
x x −2
c)
1 5
− = −6
x x +2

27