9
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h0 hi
ECNALUBMA
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(PC)
(PF)
Important Variables → u,v, R, f, h0, hi, m
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At
infintiy
148
149
150
:
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(f = -ve)
(f = +ve)
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Concave Mirror Convex Mirror
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (i) (ii)
u - - - - - - - -
v - - - - - + + +
R - - - - - - + +
f - - - - - - + +
ho + + + + + + + +
hi - - - - - + + +
m - - - - - + + +
m
Negative Positive
(Real and inverted image) (Virtual and erect image)
( )
image distance
m=
object distance
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154
Y
155
The perpendicular distance between incident and emergent
rays is called lateral displacement.
(c) Wavelength of light rays
(d) Angle of incidence
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157
Spherical lens
Biconcave
158
159
On the basis of this position, this
lens is also known as magnifying
lens.
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[Link]. Ray diagram
1. Parallel to
the principal
axis
2. Passing
through a
principal
focus
3. Passing
through the
optical center
of a lens
2F1 F1 O
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Convex Lens Concave Lens
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (i) (ii)
u - - - - - - - -
v + + + + + - - -
f + + + + + + - -
ho + + + + + + + +
hi - - - - - + + +
m - - - - - + + +
162
163
1
164
X
Y
20 cm Screen Screen
25 cm
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3 Short Answer Questions
slowest and why?
5.
6.
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13. One half of a convex lens is covered with black paper.
(a) Show the formation of image of a object placed at 2F, of such
covered lens with the help of ray diagram. Mention the position
and nature of the image.
(b) Draw the ray diagram for same object at same position in front of
the same lens, but now uncovered. Will there be any difference in
image obtained in the two cases ? Give reasons for your answers.
14. A thin converging lens forms a (i) real magnified image, (ii) virtual
magnified image.
(a) Write the position of object in each case.
(b) Draw labelled diagram for each case.
15. (a) What happens to a ray of light when it travels from one medium to
another having equal refractive indices ?
(b) State the cause of refraction of light.
16. (a) Define 1 dioptre of power. Find the focal length of a lens of
power - 2.0 D.
(b) Why does a lemon kept in water in a glass tumbler appear to be
bigger than actual size ?
17. Analysis the following observation table showing variation of image
distance (v) with object distance (u) in case of a convex lens and answer the
questions that follow without doing any calculation:
S. No. Object Distance-u(cm) Image Distance-v(cm)
1. -100 +25
2. -60 +30
3. -40 +40
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S. No. Object Distance-u(cm) Image Distance-v(cm)
4. -30 +60
5. -25 +100
6. -15 +120
One half of a convex lens is covered with black paper.
(a) Show the formation of image of a object placed at 2F, of such
covered lens with the help of ray diagram. Mention the position
and nature of the image.
a) What is the focal length of the convex lens? Give reason to justify your
answer.
b) Write the serial number of the observation which is not correct. On what
basis have you arrived at this conclusion?
c) Select an approximate scale and draw a ray diagram for the observation
at S. No. 2 Also find the approximate value of magnification.
18. (a) If the image formed by a mirror for all position of the object placed in fi-
ont of it is always diminished, erect and virtual, state the type of the
mirror and also draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. Write one use
such mirrors are put to and why.
(b) Define the radius of curvature of spherical mirror. Find the nature and
focal length of a spherical mirror whose radius of curvature is +24 cm.
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Competency Based Question
If there Is no light, there is no sight!
Apart from looking directly at a light source, most of what we see is as a
result of the process of reflection.
Reflection is when light bounces off an object. If the surface is smooth and
shiny, like glass, water or polished metal, the light will reflect at the same angle as
it hit the surface. This is called specular or regular reflection.
If you look at a bird, light has reflected off that bird and travelled in nearly
all directions. This is diffuse reflection. If some of that light enters your eyes, it
hits the retina at the back of your eyes. An electrical signal is passed to your brain,
and your brain interprets the signals as an image.
1. This, picture shows
(a) Regular Reflection (b) Diffuse Reflection
(c) Refraction of light (d) Internal Reflection
2. Mirror reflection
Incident ray Normal Reflected ray
Angle of Angle of
incidence reflection
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(a) Angle of incidence > Angle of reflection
(b) Angle of incidence =Angle of refraction
(c) Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
(d) Angle of incidence < Angle of reflection
A B
3. (a) A shows refraction, B shows reflection
(b) A shows reflection, B shows refraction
(c) A shows diffuse reflection, B shows internal diffusion
(d) A is regular reflection, B shows diffuse reflection
4. State two laws of reflections of light.
5. Distinguish between a real and virtual image of an object. What type of
image is formed (i) by a plane mirror (ii) Or a cinema screen.
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