Stress Detection in IT Professional by Image Processing and Machine Learning

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction &Objectives
Stress management systems play a significant role to detect the stress levels which disrupts our
socio economic lifestyle. As World Health Organization (WHO) says, Stress is a mental health
problem affecting the life of one in four citizens. Human stress leads to mental as well as
socio-fiscal problems, lack of clarity in work, poor working relationship, depression and finally
commitment of suicide in severe cases. This demands counseling to be provided for the
stressed individuals cope up against stress. Stress avoidance is impossible but preventive
actions helps to overcome the stress. Currently, only medical and physiological experts can
determine whether one is under depressed state (stressed) or not. One of the traditional method
to detect stress is based on questionnaire. This method completely depends on the answers
given by the individuals, people will be tremulous to say whether they are stressed or normal.
Automatic detection of stress minimizes the risk of health issues and improves the welfare of
the society.
This paves the way for the necessity of a scientific tool, which uses physiological signals
thereby automating the detection of stress levels in individuals. Stress detection is discussed in
various literatures as it is a significant societal contribution that enhances the lifestyle of
individuals. Ghaderi et al. analysed stress using Respiration, Heart rate HR), facial
electromyography (EMG), Galvanic skin response (GSR) foot and GSR hand data with a
conclusion that, features pertaining to respiration process are substantial in stress detection.
Maria Viqueira et al. describes mental stress prediction using a standalone stress sensing
hardware by interfacing GSR as the only physiological sensor. David Liu et al. proposed a
research to predict stress levels solely from Electrocardiogram (ECG).Multimodal sensor
efficacy to detect stress of working people is experimentally discussed in. This employs the
sensor data from sensors such as pressure distribution, HR, Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) and
Electro dermal activity (EDA). An eye tracker sensor is also used which systematically
analyses the eye movements with the stressors like Stroop word test and information related to
pickup tasks.
The authors of performed perceived stress detection by a set of non-invasive sensors which
collects the physiological signals such as ECG , GSR, Electroencephalography(EEG), EMG,
and Saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2). Continuous stress levels are estimated using the
physiological sensor data such as GSR, EMG, HR, Respiration in. The stress detection is
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carried out effectively using Skin conductance level (SCL), HR, Facial EMG sensors by
creating ICT related Stressors. Automated stress detection is made possible by several pattern
recognition algorithms. Every sensor data is compared with a stress index which is a threshold
value used for detecting the stress level. The authors of collected data from 16 individuals
under four stressor conditions which were tested with Bayesian Network, J48 algorithm and
Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) algorithm for predicting stress. Statistical features of
heart rate, GSR, frequency domain features of heart rate and its variability (HRV), and the
power spectral components of ECG were used to govern the stress levels. Various features are
extracted from the commonly used physiological signals such as ECG, EMG, GSR, BVP etc.,
measured using appropriate sensors and selected features are grouped into clusters for further
detection of anxiety levels
. In, it is concluded that smaller clusters result in better balance in stress detection using the
selected General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model. This results in the fact that
different combinations of the extracted features from the sensor signals provide better solutions
to predict the continuous anxiety level. Frequency domain features like LF power (low
frequency power from 0.04 Hz to0.15Hz), HF power (High frequency power from 0.15Hz to
0.4 Hz) , LF/HF (ratio of LF to the HF) and time domain features like Mean , Median, standard
deviation of heart signal are considered for continuous real time stress detection in .
Classification using decision tree such as PLDA is performed using two stressors namely
pickup task and stroop based word test wherein the authors concluded that the stressor based
classification proves unsatisfactory. In2016, Gjoreski et al. created laboratory based stress
detection classifiers from ECG signal and HRV features. Features of ECG are analysed using
GRNN model to measure the stress level. Heart rate variability (HRV) features and RR (cycle
length variability interval length between two successive Rs) interval features are used to
classify the stress level. It is noticed that Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used as the
classification algorithm predominantly due to its generalization ability and sound mathematical
background Various kernels were used to develop models using SVM and it is concluded in
that a linear SVM on both ECG frequency features and HRV features performed best,
outperforming other model choices.
Nowadays as IT industries are setting a new peek in the market by bringing new technologies
and products in the market. In this study, the stress levels in employees are also noticed to raise
the bar high. Though there are many organizations who provide mental health related schemes
for their employees but the issue is far from control. In this paper we try to go in the depth of

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this problem by trying to detect the stress patterns in the working employee in the companies
we would like to apply image processing and machine learning techniques to analyze stress
patterns and to narrow down the factors that strongly determine the stress levels. Machine
Learning algorithms like KNN classifiers are applied to classify stress. Image Processing is
used at the initial stage for detection, the employee’s image is clicked by the camera which
serves as input. In order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it
image processing is used by converting image into digital form and performing some
operations on it. By taking input as an image from video frames and output may be image or
characteristics associated with that image. Image processing basically includes the following
three steps:
□ Importing the image via image acquisition tools.
□ Analyzing and manipulating the image.
□ Output in which result is altered image or report that is based on image analysis.
System gets the ability to automatically learn and improve from self-experiences without being
explicitly programmed using Machine learning which is an application of artificial intelligence
(AI). Computer programs are developed by Machine Learning that can access data and use it to
learn for themselves. Explicit programming to perform the task based on predictions or
decisions builds a mathematical model based on "training data" by using Machine Learning.
The extraction of hidden data, association of image data and additional pattern which are
unclearly visible in image is done using Image Mining. It’s an interrelated field that involves,
Image Processing, Data Mining, Machine Learning and Datasets. According to conservative
estimates in medical books, 50- 80% of all physical diseases are caused by stress. Stress is
believed to be the principal cause in cardiovascular diseases. Stress can place one at higher risk
for diabetes, ulcers, asthma, migraine headaches, skin disorders, epilepsy, and sexual
dysfunction. Each of these diseases, and host of others, is psychosomatic (i.e., either caused or
exaggerated by mental conditions such as stress) in nature. Stress has three prong effects:
□ Subjective effects of stress include feelings of guilt, shame, anxiety, aggression or
frustration. Individuals also feel tired, tense, nervous, irritable, moody, or lonely.
□ Visible changes in a person's behavior are represented by Behavioral effects of stress.
Effects of behavioral stress are seen such as increased accidents, use of drugs or alcohol,
laughter out of context, outlandish or argumentative behavior, very excitable moods, and/or
eating or drinking to excess.
□ Diminishing mental ability, impaired judgment, rash decisions, forgetfulness and/or

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hypersensitivity to criticism are some of the effects of Cognitive stress
1.1 Project Objectives
By the end of this project you’ll understand
1. To predict stress in a person by the symptoms calculated by monitoring.
2. To analyze the stress levels in the employee.
3. To provide solutions and remedies for the person to recover his/her stress
Purpose of the Project
Nowadays as IT industries are setting a new peek in the market by bringing new technologies
and products in the market. In this study, the stress levels in employees are also noticed to raise
the bar [Link] can place one at higher risk for diabetes, ulcers, asthma, migraine
headaches, skin disorders, epilepsy, and sexual [Link] this project we try to go in the
depth of this problem by trying to detect the stress patterns in the working employee in the
companies we would like to apply image processing and machine learning techniques to
analyze stress patterns and to narrow down the factors that strongly determine the stress levels.
Machine Learning algorithms like KNN classifiers are applied to classify stress. Image
Processing is used at the initial stage for detection, the employee’s image is clicked by the
camera which serves as input. In order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful
information from it image processing is used by converting image into digital form and
performing some operations on it. By taking input as an image from video frames and output
may be image or characteristics associated with that image.
1.2 Existing System with Disadvantages
In the existing system work on stress detection is based on the digital signal processing, taking
into consideration Galvanic skin response, blood volume, pupil dilation and skin temperature.
And the other work on this issue is based on several physiological signals and visual features
(eye closure, head movement) to monitor the stress in a person while he is working. However
these measurements are intrusive and are less comfortable in real application. Every sensor
data is compared with a stress index which is a threshold value used for detecting the stress
level.
Disadvantages
1. Physiological signals used for analysis are often pigeonholed by a Non-stationary time
performance.
2. The extracted features explicitly gives the stress index of the physiological signals. The
ECG signal is directly assessed by using commonly used peak j48 algorithm

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3. Different people may behave or express differently under stress and it is hard to find a
universal pattern to define the stress emotion.
1.3 Proposed System with Features
The proposed System Machine Learning algorithms like KNN classifiers are applied to classify
stress. Image Processing is used at the initial stage for detection, the employee’s image is given
by the browser which serves as input. In order to get an enhanced image or to extract some
useful information from it image processing is used by converting image into digital form and
performing some operations on it. By taking input as an image and output may be image or
characteristics associated with that images. The emotion are displayed on the rounder box. The
stress level indicating by Angry, Disgusted, Fearful, Sad.
Advantages
1. By taking input as an image and output may be image or characteristics associated with
that images.
2. We will capture images of the employee based on the regular intervals and then the
tradition survey forms will be given to the employees
3. The emotions are displayed on the rounder box. The stress level indicating by Angry,
Disgusted, Fearful, Sad.

INPUT AND OUTPUT DESIGN INPUT DESIGN

The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises the
developing specification and procedures for data preparation and those steps are necessary to
put transaction data in to a usable form for processing can be achieved by inspecting the
computer to read data from a written or printed document or it can occur by having people
keying the data directly into the system. The design of input focuses on controlling the amount
of input required, controlling the errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the
process simple. The input is designed in such a way so that it provides security and ease of use
with retaining the privacy. Input Design considered the following things:
 What data should be given as input?
 How the data should be arranged or coded?
 The dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing input.
 Methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error occur.
OBJECTIVES
1. Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into a

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computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input process and
show the correct direction to the management for getting correct information from the
computerized system.
2. It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle large volume of
data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to be free from errors. The
data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data manipulates can be performed. It
also provides record viewing facilities.
3. When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with the help of
screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when needed so that the user will not be in
maize of instant. Thus the objective of input design is to create an input layout that is easy to
follow
OUTPUT DESIGN
A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the
information clearly. In any system results of processing are communicated to the users and to
other system through outputs. In output design it is determined how the information is to be
displaced for immediate need and also the hard copy output. It is the most important and direct
source information to the user. Efficient and intelligent output design improves the system’s
relationship to help user decision-making.
1. Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well thought out manner; the
right output must be developed while ensuring that each output element is designed so that
people will find the system can use easily and effectively. When analysis design computer
output, they should Identify the specific output that is needed to meet the requirements.
2. Select methods for presenting information.
3. Create document, report, or other formats that contain information produced by the system.
The output form of an information system should accomplish one or more of the following
objectives.
 Convey information about past activities, current status or projections of the Future.
 Signal important events, opportunities, problems, or warnings.
 Trigger an action.
 Confirm an action.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
1. Stress and anxiety detection using facial cues from videos AUTHORS:G.
Giannakakis, D. Manousos, F. Chiarugi
This study develops a framework for the detection and analysis of stress/anxiety emotional
states through video-recorded facial cues. A thorough experimental protocol was established to
induce systematic variability in affective states (neutral, relaxed and stressed/anxious) through
a variety of external and internal stressors. The analysis was focused mainly on non-voluntary
and semi- voluntary facial cues in order to estimate the emotion representation more
objectively. Features under investigation included eye-related events, mouth activity, head
motion parameters and heart rate estimated through camera-based photo plethysmography. A
feature selection procedure was employed to select the most robust features followed by
classification schemes discriminating between stress/anxiety and neutral states with reference
to a relaxed state in each experimental phase. In addition, a ranking transformation was
proposed utilizing self reports in order to investigate the correlation of facial parameters with a
participant perceived amount of stress/anxiety. The results indicated that, specific facial cues,
derived from eye activity, mouth activity, head movements and camera based heart activity
achieve good accuracy and are suitable as discriminative indicators of stress and anxiety.
2. Detection of Stress Using Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques
AUTHORS: Nisha Raichur, Nidhi Lonakadi, Priyanka Mural
Stress is a part of life it is an unpleasant state of emotional arousal that people experience
in situations like working for long hours in front of computer. Computers have become a way
of life, much life is spent on the computers and hence we are therefore more affected by the
ups and downs that they cause us. One cannot just completely avoid their work on computers
but one can at least control his/her usage when being alarmed about him being stressed at
certain point of time. Monitoring the emotional status of a person who is working in front of a
computer for longer duration is crucial for the safety of a person. In this work a real-time non-
intrusive videos are captured, which detects the emotional status of a person by analysing the
facial expression. We detect an individual emotion in each video frame and the decision on the
stress level is made in sequential hours of the video captured. We employ a technique that
allows us to train a model and analyze differences in predicting the features. Theano is a

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python framework which aims at improving both the execution time and development time of
the linear regression model which is used here as a deep learning algorithm. The experimental
results show that the developed system is well on data with the generic model of all ages.
3. Machine Learning Techniques for Stress Prediction in Working Employees
AUTHORS:U. S. Reddy, A. V. Thota and A. Dharun
Stress disorders are a common issue among working IT professionals in the industry today.
With changing lifestyle and work cultures, there is an increase in the risk of stress among the
employees. Though many industries and corporates provide mental health related schemes and
try to ease the workplace atmosphere, the issue is far from control. In this paper, we would like
to apply machine learning techniques to analyze stress patterns in working adults and to narrow
down the factors that strongly determine the stress levels. Towards this, data from the OSMI
mental health survey 2017 responses of working professionals within the tech-industry was
considered. Various Machine Learning techniques were applied to train our model after due
data cleaning and preprocessing. The accuracy of the above models was obtained and studied
comparatively. Boosting had the highest accuracy among the models implemented. By using
Decision Trees, prominent features that influence stress were identified as gender, family
history and availability of health benefits in the workplace. With these results, industries can
now narrow down their approach to reduce stress and create a much comfortable workplace for
their employees.
4. Classification of acute stress using linear and non-linear heart rate variability
analysis derived from sternal ECG
AUTHORS :Tanev, G., Saadi, D.B., Hoppe, K., Sorensen, H.B
Chronic stress detection is an important factor in predicting and reducing the risk of
cardiovascular disease. This work is a pilot study with a focus on developing a method for
detecting short-term psychophysiological changes through heart rate variability (HRV)
features. The purpose of this pilot study is to establish and to gain insight on a set of features
that could be used to detect psychophysiological changes that occur during chronic stress. This
study elicited four different types of arousal by images, sounds, mental tasks and rest, and
classified them using linear and non-linear HRV features from electrocardiograms (ECG)
acquired by the wireless wearable ePatch® recorder. The highest recognition rates were
acquired for the neutral stage (90%), the acute stress stage (80%) and the baseline stage
(80%) by sample entropy, detrended fluctuation analysis and normalized high frequency
features. Standardizing non-linear HRV features for each subject was found to be an important

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factor for the improvement of the classification results.

5. HealthyOffice: Mood recognition at work using smartphones and wearable sensors

AUTHORS:Zenonos, A., Khan, A., Kalogridis, G., Vatsikas, S., Lewis, T.,
Sooriyabandara Stress, anxiety and depression in the workplace are detrimental to human
health and productivity with significant financial implications. Recent research in this area
has focused on the use of sensor technologies, including smartphones and wearables
embedded with physiological and movement sensors. In this work, we explore the
possibility of using such devices for mood recognition, focusing on work environments. We
propose a novel mood recognition framework that is able to identify five intensity levels for
eight different types of moods every two hours. We further present a smartphone app
('HealthyOffice'), designed to facilitate self-reporting in a structured manner and provide
our model with the ground truth. We evaluate our system in a small-scale user study where
wearable sensing data is collected in an office environment. Our experiments exhibit
promising results allowing us to reliably recognize various classes of perceived moods.

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CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATION
Problem Specification
According to conservative estimates in medical books, 50- 80% of all physical diseases are
caused by stress. Stress is believed to be the principal cause in cardiovascular diseases. Stress
can place one at higher risk for diabetes, ulcers, asthma, migraine headaches, skin disorders,
epilepsy, and sexual [Link] in this project we are trying to detect the stress patterns in
the working employee in the companies we would like to apply image processing and machine
learning techniques to analyze stress patterns and to narrow down the factors that strongly
determine the stress levels.
Modules and Their Functionalities
1. USER:
The User can register the first. While registering he required a valid user email and mobile for
further communications. Once the user register then admin can activate the customer. Once
admin activated the customer then user can login into our [Link] user has to give the
input as image to the system. The python library will extract the features and appropriate
emotion of the image. If given image contain more than one faces also possible to detect. The
stress level we are going to indicate by facial expression like sad, angry etc.. The image
processing completed the we are going to start the live stream. In the live stream also we can
get the facial expression more that one persons also. Compare to tensorlflow live stream the
tesnorflow live stream will fast and better results. Once done the we are loading the dataset to
perform the knn classification accuracy precession scores.
2. Admin:
Admin can login with his credentials. Once he login he can activate the users. The activated
user only login in our applications. The admin can set the training and testing data for the
project dynamically to the code. The admin can view all users detected results in hid frame. By
click in gan hyperlink in the screen he can detect the emotions of the images. The admin can
also view the knn classification detected results. The dataset in the excel format. By
authorized persons we can increase the dataset size according the imaginary values.
3. DATA PREPROCESS:
Dataset contains grid view of already stored dataset consisting numerous properties, by

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Property Extraction newly designed dataset appears which contains only numerical input
variables as a result of Principal Component Analysis feature selection transforming to 6
principal components which are Condition (No stress, Time pressure, Interruption), Stress,
Physical Demand, Performance and Frustration.
4. MACHINE LEARNING:
K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is used for classification as well as regression analysis. It is a
supervised learning algorithm which is used for predicting if a person needs treatment or not.
KNN classifies the dependent variable based on how similar it is; independent variables are to
a similar instance from the already known [Link] Classification can be called as a
statistical model that uses a binary dependent variable. In classification analysis, KNN is
estimating the parameters of a KNN model. Mathematically, a binary KNN model has a
dependent variable with two possible value, which is represented by an indicator variable,
where the two values are labeled "0" and "1".
a. Functional Requirements
It provides the users a clear statement of the functions required for the system in order to solve
the project information problem it contain a complete set of requirements for the applications.
A requirement is condition that the application must meet for the customer to find the
application satisfactory. A requirement has the following characteristics
1. It provides a benefit to the origination.
2. It describes the capabilities the application must provide in business terms.
3. It does not describe how the application provides that capability.
4. It is stated in unambiguous words. Its meaning is clear and understandable.
5. It is verifiable.
b. Non Functional Requirements
Stress non-functional requirements, like diseases, the architects had to consider various worst-
case scenarios to determine alternatively safety features and their optimum implementation,
i.e., size, scope, & number of examples, if the likewise, with today’s IT projects, to determine
non- functional requirements, like availability, the approach requires that the designer 1st
determine the scope: does the whole solution or only part of it need to be architected to meet
minimum levels?
1. Identify the critical areas of solutions
2. Identify the critical components within each critical area.
3. Determine each components availability and risk.

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4. Model worst-case failure scenarios.

FEASIBILITY STUDY
The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is put forth with a
very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the
feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed
system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the
major requirements for the system is essential.
Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are,
 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the
organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and
development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed
system as well within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies used
are freely available. Only the customized products had to be purchased.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical requirements of
the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical
resources. This will lead to high demands on the available technical resources. This will lead to
high demands being placed on the client. The developed system must have a modest
requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing this system.
SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This includes
the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel threatened
by the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely
depends on the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system and to make
him familiar with it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some
constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.

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SOFTWARE AND HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS

Software Requirements
System : Intel Core i5
Hard Disk : 1 TB.
Monitor : 15’’ LED
Input Devices : Keyboard, Mouse
Ram : 16 GB.
Hardware Requirements
Operating system : Windows 10.
Coding Language : Python
Tool : Visual Studio Code
Database : SQLite3

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CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
System Architecture
The methodology of review consists following steps
1. Data Collection
2. Image Acquisition
3. Image Pre-Processing
4. Segmentation
5. Feature Extraction
6. Classification
7. Testing
8. Disease prediction

Figure 4.1 System Architecture

1. DataCollection
The dataset was composed of images of faces along with their respective expressios. The
dataset was about fear, happy, sad, neutral. Additionally, the situations of the frames were
more complex, such as the disordered distribution of face expressions, the images of faces are
not clear.
2. Image Acquisition
Image acquisition is the principal central advance in image processing which gives an idea
regards to the root of digital images. In addition, this stage includes the pre- processing

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undertaking, for example, image scaling. Acquisition of image is very testing challenge. It
require proper gadget like scanner or good resolution camera.

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3. Image Pre-Processing
Image processing is a procedure to change an input image onto digital frame and performed a
couple of process, with the true objective to get a redesigned picture or to separate some
significant data from it. It is a sort of signal dispensation which input is image, like video edge
or photo and result may be picture or characteristics related with that image.
4. Segmentation
Image segmentation meant way toward sectioning default image into its tremendous sections
or objects. It is a standout amongst the most troublesome errands in computerized image
processing. It used to find desired objects.
5. Feature Extraction
The feature extraction technique plays an important role in image classification. The features
are the main parameter that are involved for classification of image. Texture Extraction:
Texture extraction is determined as the example of information or course of action of the
structure with random interval. Accordingly, texture attributes and appearance of object size,
shape, thickness, characterization, extent of its basic properties.
Color Extraction
Color extraction is an important factor of distinctive classes. Digital image processing produce
color estimations which extremely useful when researching the sore for early determination.
An image pixel typically addressed in the RGB space, in which the color space at each pixel
addressed as a combination of RGB.
Shape Extraction
General descriptors, for example, object count, region of the shape, image dimension, and zone
of picture, are essential object to depict the shape of an image. Mass Analysis utilized in this
examination to compute insights for marked regions in a de-noised data, for example, quantity
of the protest, region, and edge.
Edge Detection:
Edges in image are the portions with solid boundaries and object with one pixel then onto the
following can make genuine assortment in the picture quality. Edge recognition utilized for
image segmentation and information extraction in regions, for example, picture processing,
computer vision, and machine vision.
6. Classification
In a typical classification system image captured by a camera and then processed. In
Supervised classification, most importantly preparing occurred through known gathering of
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pixels. The numbers of clusters decided by users. When trained pixels are not available, the
supervised classification is used that is KNN.
7. Testing
In the testing phase the images are being tested.
8. Stress Disease prediction
Finally, we get the facial expression as output of that image .
Data Flow Diagrams
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a traditional visual representation of the information flows
within a system. A neat and clear DFD can depict the right amount of the system requirement
graphically. It may be used as a communication tool between a system analyst and any person
who plays a part in the order that acts as a starting point for redesigning a system. The DFD is
also called as a data flow graph or bubble chart.
The Basic Notation used to create a DFD’s are as follows:
1. Dataflow: Data move in a specific direction from an origin to a destination.

2. Process: People, procedures, or devices that use or produce (Transform) Data. The physical
component is not identified.

3. Source: External sources or destination of data, which may be People, programs.

4. Data Store: Here data are stored or reference by a process in the System.

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Figure 4.2 Data flow diagram

What is UML diagram?
There are several types of UML diagrams and each one of them serves a different purpose
regardless of whether it is being designed before the implementation or after (as part of
documentation).
The two broadest categories that encompass all other types are:
1. Behavioral UML diagram.
2. Structural UML diagram.
What is a UML Use Case Diagram?
Use case diagrams model the functionality of a system using actors and use cases. Use cases
are services or functions provide by the system to its users.
Basic Use Case Diagram Symbols and Notations System
Draw your system's boundaries using a rectangle that contains use cases. Place actors outside
the system's boundaries.

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UseCase
Draw use cases using ovals. Label with ovals with verbs that represent the system's
functio
Actors
Actors are the users of a system. When one system is the actor of another system,
label the actor system with the actor stereotype.
Relationships

Illustrate relationships between an actor and a use case with a simple line. For relationships
among use cases, use arrows labelled either "uses" or "extends." A "uses" relationship indicates
that one use case is needed by another in order to perform a task.

What is a UML activity diagram? Activity Diagram

An activity diagram illustrates the dynamic nature of a system by modeling the flow of control
from activity to activity. An activity represents an operation on some class in the system that
results in a change in the state of the system. Typically, activity diagrams are used to model
workflow or business processes and internal operation. Because an activity diagram is a special
king of state chart diagram, it uses some of the same modeling conventions.

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Basic Activity Diagram Symbols and Notations Action states
Action states represent the non-interruptible actions of objects. You can grow an action state in
Smart Draw using a rectangle with rounded corners.

Action Flow
Action flow arrows illustrate the relationships among action states.

Object Flow
Object flow refers to the creation and modification of objects by activities. An object flow
arrow from an action to an object means that the action creates or influences the object. An
object flow arrow from an object to an action indicates that the action state uses the object.

Initial State
A filled circle followed by an arrow represents the initial action state.

Final State
An arrow pointing to a filled circle nested inside another circle represents the final action
state.

Branching
A gaining represents a decision with alternate paths. The outgoing alternates should be labelled
with a cognition or guard expression.

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Swim lanes
Swim lanes group related activities into one column.

Synchronization
A synchronization bar helps illustrate parallel transitions. Synchronization is also called
forking and joining.

What is a UML Component Diagram?

A component diagram describes the organization of the physical components in a system.
Component
A component is a physical building block of the system Learn how to resize grouped objects
like components.

Interface
An interface describes a group of operations used or created by components.

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Dependencies
Draw dependencies among components using gashes arrows. Learn about line styles in Smart
Draw.
Component
Anode is a physical resource that executes code components.
Learn how to resize grouped objects like nodes.

Association
Association refers to a physical connection between nodes, such as Ethernet. Learn how to
connect two nodes.

Components and Nodes

Place components inside the node that deploys them.
What is a UML sequence diagram? Sequence Diagram

Sequence diagrams describe interactions among classes in terms of an exchange of messages

overtime
Basic Sequence Diagram Symbols and Notations Class roles
Class roles describe the way an object will behave in context. Use the UML object symbol
to illustrate class roles, but don’t list object attributes.
Activation

Activation boxes represent the time an object needs to complete a task.

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Messages
Messages are arrows that represent communication between objects. Use half-arrowed lines to
represent asynchronous messages. Asynchronous messages are sent from an object that will
not wait for a response from the receiver before continuing its tasks.
Lifelines
Lifelines are vertical gashes lines that indicate the object's presence over time.
Destroying Objects

Objects can be terminated early using an arrow labeled "<< destroy >>" that points to
an X.

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Loops
A repetition or loop within a sequence diagram is depicted as a rectangle. Place the cognition

for exiting the loop at the bottom left corner in square brackets.
E-R Diagram
ER Diagram stands for Entity Relationship Diagram, also known as ERD is a diagram that
displays the relationship of entity sets stored in a database. In other words, ER diagrams help to
explain the logical structure of databases. ER diagrams are created based on three basic
concepts: entities, attributes and relationships.
ER Diagrams contain different symbols that use rectangles to represent entities, ovals to define
attributes and diamond shapes to represent relationships.

Figure 4.3 E-R diagram

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UML Diagrams
UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the
artifacts of software systems. UML was created by the Object Management Group (OMG) and
UML 1.0 specification draft was proposed to the OMG in January 1997.
There are several types of UML diagrams and each one of them serves a different purpose
regardless of whether it is being designed before the implementation or after (as part of
documentation). UML has a direct relation with object oriented analysis and design. After
some standardization, UML has become an OMG standard.
The two broadest categories that encompass all other types are:
1. Behavioral UML diagram
2. Structural UML diagram.
As the name suggests, some UML diagrams try to analyze and depict the structure of a system
or process, whereas other describe the behavior of the system, its actors, and its building
components.
The different types are broken down as follows:
1. Sequence diagram
2. Use case Diagram
3. Activity diagram

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1. Sequence diagram
A sequence diagram simply depicts interaction between objects in a sequential order i.e. the
order in which these interactions take place. We can also use the terms event diagrams or event
scenarios to refer to a sequence diagram. Sequence diagrams describe how and in what order
the objects in a system function. These diagrams are widely used by businessmen and software
developers to document and understand requirements for new and existing systems

Users Admins PyImages MachineLearni

ng

1 : Register()

2 : Activate()
3: Images()
Upload
4 : Results Stored in
Db()
5: Send to
Response user() e
6 : Start
7 : SStream()
tart Deep Learning Live
Liv Stre a m()

8 : View ted images()

Detec

9 : Load Dataset()
10 : Apply KNN
Algorithm()

11 : Results sends to
user()

Figure 4.4.1 Sequence diagram

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2. Use case diagram
A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user's interaction with the system that
shows the relationship between the user and the different use case in which the user is
involved. A use case diagram is used to structure of the behavior thing in a model. The use
cases are represented by either circles or ellipses.

Logi
n

Upload
Image

Stress
Emotions

Admin Live
Stream
Users
DeepLearning Live
Stream

KNN
Results

Activate
users

Figure 4.4.2 use case diagram

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 Stress Detection in IT Professional by Image Processing and Machine Learning
Chapter 5
SCREENSHOTS
Task 1: open cmd promte to excute code

Figure 5.1: Implementation

Task 2: The User can register the first. While registering he required a valid user email and
mobile for further communications.

Figure 5.2: User registration form

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Task 3: Admin can login with his credentials. Once he login he can activate the users. The
activated user only login in our applications.

Figure 5.3 : Activation form

Task 4 : Once admin activated the customer then user can login into our system.

Figure 5.4 : User login form

Task 5: First user has to give the input as image to the system the python library will extract
the features and appropriate emotion of the image. If given image contain more than one faces
also possible to detect.

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Figure 5.5 : Uploading Image

Task 6 : The stress level we are going to indicate by facial expression like sad, angry etc.. The
image processing completed the we are going to start the live stream. In the live stream also we
can get the facial expression more that one persons also.

Figure 5.6 : Output Image

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CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM TESTING
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every
conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality
of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of
exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements
and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of
test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.
TYPES OF TESTS
Unit testing
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is
functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and
internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the
application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a
structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests
perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or
system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs
accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected
results.

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Integration testing
Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they
actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic
outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were
individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components
is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that
arise from the combination of components.
Functional test
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as
specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals.
Functional testing is centered on the following items:
Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.
Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.
Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.
Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or
special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process
flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for
testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective
value of current tests is determined.
System Test
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a
configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the
configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions
and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.
White Box Testing
White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the
inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It
is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.
Black Box Testing
Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings,
structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests,
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must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements
document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the software
under test is treated, as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and
responds to outputs without considering how the software works.
Unit Testing
Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the software
lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as two
distinct phases.
Testing strategies
Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail.
Test objectives
 All field entries must work properly.
 Pages must be activated from the identified link.
 The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.
Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format
 No duplicate entries should be allowed
 All links should take the user to the correct page.
Integration Testing
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more integrated
software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface defects.
The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications, e.g.
components in a software system or – one step up – software applications at the company level
– interact without error.
Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
Acceptance Testing
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation
by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements.
Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.
Sample Test Cases
[Link] Test Case Excepted Result Remarks(IF
Result Fails)

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If User registration If already user
1. User Register successfully. Pass email exist then it
fails.
If Username and
2. User Login password is correctPass Un Register Users
then it will will not logged in.
getting valid page.
Image uploaded to Image must be
3. Upload An Image server and stratingPass 640X480
process to detetct resolution will get
better results
Detected images Images must be
4. Draw Squares indraw square andPass clearly to detect
images writing stress facial expression
emotions
PyImage libaray If library not
5. Start live Stream will load thePass available then
process and start failed
the live
Start DeepIf tensor flow not Depends on system
6. learning liveinstalled then itPass configuration and
stream will fail tensorflow library
Load the dataset
7. KNN Results and process thePass The dataset must
KNN Algorithm be media folder
Predicted and Trains and test size
8. Predict Train andoriginal salary willPass must be specify
Test data be displayed otherwise
failed
Admin can login
with his login Invalid login
9. Admin login credential. IfPass details will not

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 Stress Detection in IT Professional by Image Processing and Machine Learning
success he get his allowed here
home page
Admin canAdmin can activate If user id not found
10. activate the the Pass then it
register users register user id won’t login.

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CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
Stress Detection System is designed to predict stress in the employees by monitoring captured
images of authenticated users which makes the system secure. The image capturing is done
automatically when the authenticate user is logged in based on some time interval. The
captured images are used to detect the stress of the user based on some standard conversion
and image processing mechanisms. Then the system will analyze the stress levels by using
Machine Learning algorithms which generates the results that are more efficient.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
Biomedical wearable sensors embedded with IOT technology is a proven combination in the
health care sector. The benefits of using such devices have positively impacted the patients
and doctors alike. Early diagnosis of medical conditions, faster medical assistance by means
of Remote Monitoring and Telecommunication, emergency alert mechanism to notify the care
taker and personal Doctor, etc are a few of its advantages. The proposed work on developing a
multimodal IOT system assures to be a better health assistant for a person by constantly
monitoring and providing regular feedback on the stress levels. For future work, it would
be interesting to enhance this work into the development of a stress detection model by the
addition of other physiological parameters, including an activity recognition system and
application of machine learning techniques.

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