1

1. Lugol’s solution is used to devascularize the gland before thyroidectomy.

2. Cholecystitis causes low-grade fever, nausea and vomiting, guarding of the right upper quadrant, and

biliary pain that radiates to the right scapula.

3. Early symptoms of liver cirrhosis include fatigue, anorexia, edema of the ankles in the evening, epistaxis,

and bleeding gums.

4. The clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus include polydipsia, polyuria, specific gravity of 1.001 to

1.005, and high serum osmolality.

5. The clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus include polydipsia, polyuria, specific gravity of 1.001 to

1.005, and high serum osmolality.

6. Hypertension is a sign of rejection of a transplanted kidney.

7. Lactulose is used to prevent and treat portal-systemic encephalopathy.

8. Extracorporeal and intracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the use of shock waves to perform noninvasive

destruction of biliary stones. It’s indicated in the treatment of symptomatic high-risk patients who have few

noncalcified cholesterol stones.

9. Decreased consciousness is a clinical sign of an increased ammonia level in a patient with kidney failure or

cirrhosis of the liver.

10. The pain medication that’s given to patients who have acute pancreatitis is meperidine (Demerol).

11. Prochlorperazine (Compazine), meclizine, and trimethobenzamide (Tigan) are used to treat the nausea and

vomiting caused by cholecystitis.

12. Obese women are more susceptible to gallstones than any other group.
13. Metabolic acidosis is a common finding in acute renal failure.

14. For a patient who has acute pancreatitis, the most important nursing intervention is to maintain his fluid and

electrolyte balance.

15. After thyroidectomy, the patient is monitored for hypocalcemia.

16. In end-stage cirrhosis of the liver, the patient’s ammonia level is elevated.

17. In a patient who has liver cirrhosis, abdominal girth is measured with the superior iliac crest used as a

landmark.

18. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease have an insidious onset.

19. Fracture of the skull in the area of the cerebellum may cause ataxia and inability to coordinate movement.

20. Serum creatinine is the laboratory test that provides the most specific indication of kidney disease.

21. A patient who has bilateral adrenalectomy must take cortisone for the rest of his life.

22. Portal vein hypertension causes esophageal varices.

23. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include tachycardia, shortness of breath, cyanosis, and mottled skin.

24. The three types of embolism are air, fat, and thrombus.

25. Associations for patients who have had laryngeal cancer include the Lost Cord Club and the New Voice

Club.

26. Before discharge, a patient who has had a total laryngectomy must be able to perform tracheostomy care

and suctioning and use alternative means of communication.

27. The universal blood donor is O negative.

28. The universal blood recipient is AB positive.

29. Mucus in a colostomy bag indicates that the colon is beginning to function.
30. After a vasectomy, the patient is considered sterile if he has no sperm cells.

31. Fatigue is an adverse effect of radiation therapy.

32. To prevent dumping syndrome, the patient’s consumption of high- carbohydrate foods and liquids should

be limited.

33. Cryoprecipitate contains factors VIII and XIII and fibrinogen and is used to treat hemophilia.

34. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder.

35. Bruxism is grinding of the teeth during sleep.

36. Elderly patients are at risk for osteoporosis because of age-related bone demineralization.

37. The clinical manifestations of local infection in an extremity are tenderness, loss of use of the extremity,

erythema, edema, and warmth.

38. Clinical manifestations of systemic infection include fever and swollen lymph nodes.

39. An immobile patient is predisposed to thrombus formation because of increased blood stasis.

40. Urea is the chief end product of amino acid metabolism.

41. Morphine and other opioids relieve pain by binding to the nerve cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

N.

42. Trichomonas and Candida infections can be acquired nonsexually.

43. Presbycusis is progressive sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as part of the aging process.

44. The first sign of a pressure ulcer is reddened skin that blanches when pressure is applied.

45. Late signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia include tachycardia, cardiomegaly, systolic and diastolic

murmurs, chronic fatigue, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly.

46. A mechanical ventilator, which can maintain ventilation automatically for an extended period, is indicated

when a patient can’t maintain a safe PaO2 or PaCO2 level.

47. Two types of mechanical ventilators exist: negative-pressure ventilators, which apply negative pressure

around the chest wall, and positive-pressure ventilators, which deliver air under pressure to the patient.

48. Angina pectoris is characterized by substernal pain that lasts for 2 to 3 minutes. The pain, which is caused

by myocardial ischemia, may radiate to the neck, shoulders, or jaw; is described as viselike, or constricting;

and may be accompanied by severe apprehension or a feeling of impending doom.

49. The diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction is based on the patient’s signs and symptoms,

electrocardiogram tracings, troponin level, and cardiac enzyme studies.

50. The goal of treatment for a patient with angina pectoris is to reduce the heart’s workload, thereby reducing

the myocardial demand for oxygen and preventing myocardial infarction.

51. Nitroglycerin decreases the amount of blood that returns to the heart by increasing the capacity of the

venous bed.

52. The patient should take no more than three nitroglycerin tablets in a 15minute period.

53. Hemodialysis is usually performed 24 hours before kidney transplantation.

54. Signs and symptoms of acute kidney transplant rejection are progressive enlargement and tenderness at the

transplant site, increased blood pressure, decreased urine output, elevated serum creatinine level, and fever.

55. After a radical mastectomy, the patient’s arm should be elevated (with the hand above the elbow) on a

pillow to enhance circulation and prevent edema.

56. Postoperative mastectomy care includes teaching the patient arm exercises to facilitate lymph drainage and

prevent shortening of the muscle and contracture of the shoulder joint (frozen shoulder).
57. After radical mastectomy, the patient should help prevent infection by making sure that no blood pressure

readings, injections, or venipunctures are performed on the affected arm.

58. For a patient who has undergone mastectomy and is susceptible to lymphedema, a program of hand

exercises can begin shortly after surgery, if prescribed. The program consists of opening and closing the

hand tightly six to eight times per hour and performing such tasks as washing the face and combing the

hair.

59. Signs and symptoms of theophylline toxicity include vomiting, restlessness, and an apical pulse rate of

more than 200 beats/minute.

60. The nurse shouldn’t induce vomiting in a person who has ingested poison and is having seizures or is

semiconscious or comatose.

61. Central venous pressure (CVP), which is the pressure in the right atrium and the great veins of the thorax, is

normally 2 to 8 mm Hg (or 5 to 12 cm H2O). CVP is used to assess right-sided cardiac function.

62. CVP is monitored to assess the need for fluid replacement in seriously ill patients, to estimate blood volume

deficits, and to evaluate circulatory pressure in the right atrium.

63. To prevent deep vein thrombosis after surgery, the nurse should administer 5,000 units of heparin

subcutaneously every 8 to 12 hours, as prescribed.

64. Oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin (Coumadin) and dicumarol, disrupt natural blood clotting

mechanisms, prevent thrombus formation, and limit the extension of a formed thrombus.

65. Anticoagulants can’t dissolve a formed thrombus.

66. Anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated in a patient who has liver or kidney disease or GI ulcers or who
isn’t likely to return for follow-up visits.

67. The nurse can assess a patient for thrombophlebitis by measuring the affected and unaffected legs and

comparing their sizes. The nurse should mark the measurement locations with a pen so that the legs can be

measured at the same place each day.

68. When obtaining a sputum specimen for testing, the nurse should instruct the patient to rinse his

mouth with clean water, cough deeply from his chest, and expectorate into a sterile container.

69. Tonometry allows indirect measurement of intraocular pressure and aids in early detection of glaucoma.

70. Pulmonary function tests (a series of measurements that evaluate ventilatory function through spirometric

measurements) help to diagnose pulmonary dysfunction.

71. After a liver biopsy, the patient should lie on the right side to compress the biopsy site and decrease the

possibility of bleeding.

72. A patient who has cirrhosis should follow a diet that restricts sodium, but provides protein and vitamins

(especially B, C, and K, and folate).

73. If 12 hours of gastric suction don’t relieve bowel obstruction, surgery is indicated.

74. The nurse can puncture a nifedipine (Procardia) capsule with a needle, withdraw its liquid, and instill it into

the buccal pouch.

75. When administering whole blood or packed red blood cells (RBCs), the nurse should use a 16 to 20G

needle or cannula to avoid RBC hemolysis.

76. Hirsutism is excessive body hair in a masculine distribution.

77. One unit of whole blood or packed red blood cells is administered over 2 to 4 hours.

78. Scurvy is associated with vitamin C deficiency.

79. A vitamin is an organic compound that usually can’t be synthesized by the body and is needed in metabolic

processes.

80. Pulmonary embolism can be caused when thromboembolism of fat, blood, bone marrow, or amniotic fluid

obstructs the pulmonary artery.

81. After maxillofacial surgery, a patient whose mandible and maxilla have been wired together should keep a

pair of scissors or wire cutters readily available so that he can cut the wires and prevent aspiration if

vomiting occurs.

82. Rapid instillation of fluid during colonic irrigation can cause abdominal cramping.

83. A collaborative relationship between health care workers helps shorten the hospital stay and increases

patient satisfaction.

84. For elderly patients in a health care facility, predictable hazards include nighttime confusion (sundowning),

fractures from falling, immobility-induced pressure ulcers, prolonged convalescence, and loss of home and

support systems.

85. Respiratory tract infections, especially viral infections, can trigger asthma attacks.

86. Oxygen therapy is used in severe asthma attacks to prevent or treat hypoxemia.

87. During an asthma attack, the patient may prefer nasal prongs to a Venturi mask because of the mask’s

smothering effect.

88. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease usually develops over a period of years. In 95% of patients, it

results from smoking.

89. An early sign of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is slowing of forced expiration. A healthy
person can empty the lungs in less than 4 seconds; a patient with COPD may take 6 to 10 seconds.

90. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease eventually leads to structural changes in the lungs, including

overdistended alveoli and hyperinflated lungs.

91. Cellulitis causes localized heat, redness, swelling and, occasionally, fever, chills, and malaise.

92. Venous stasis may precipitate thrombophlebitis.

93. Treatment of thrombophlebitis includes leg elevation, heat application, and possibly, anticoagulant therapy.

94. A suctioning machine should remain at the bedside of a patient who has had maxillofacial surgery.

95. For a bedridden patient with heart failure, the nurse should check for edema in the sacral area.

96. In passive range-of-motion exercises, the therapist moves the patient’s joints through as full a range of

motion as possible to improve or maintain joint mobility and help prevent contractures.

97. In resistance exercises, which allow muscle length to change, the patient performs exercises against

resistance applied by the therapist.

98. In isometric exercises, the patient contracts muscles against stable resistance, but without joint movement.

Muscle length remains the same, but strength and tone may increase.

99. Impetigo is a contagious, superficial, vesicopustular skin infection.

100. Predisposing factors include poor hygiene, anemia, malnutrition, and a warm climate.

101. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) begins, it shouldn’t be interrupted, except when the

administrator is alone and must summon help. In this case, the administrator should perform CPR for 1 minute

before calling for help.

[Link] tongue is the most common airway obstruction in an unconscious patient.

[Link] adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the chest compression rate is 80 to 100 times per minute.
104.A patient with ulcers should avoid bedtime snacks because food may stimulate nocturnal secretions.

[Link] causes of abdominal distention are represented by the six F’s: flatus, feces, fetus, fluid, fat, and fatal

(malignant) neoplasm.

135.A positive Murphy’s sign indicates cholecystitis.

[Link] of appendicitis include right abdominal pain, abdominal rigidity and rebound tenderness, nausea, and

anorexia.

[Link] can be detected when more than 500 ml of fluid has collected in the intraperitoneal space.

[Link] a patient with organic brain syndrome or a senile disease, the ideal environment is stable and limits

confusion.

[Link] a patient with organic brain syndrome, memory loss usually affects all spheres, but begins with recent

memory loss.

[Link] cardiac catheterization, the patient may experience a thudding sensation in the chest, a strong desire

to cough, and a transient feeling of heat, usually in the face, as a result of injection of the contrast medium.

[Link] bubbling in the suction column of a thoracic drainage system, such as a Pleur-evac unit, indicates

that the system is working properly. A lack of bubbling in the suction chamber indicates inadequate suction.

[Link] deficiency is a common finding in people who have a long history of alcohol abuse.

[Link] the patient with varicose veins, graduated compression elastic stockings (30 to 40 mm Hg) may be

prescribed to promote venous return.

[Link] hepatitis usually results from exposure to certain chemicals or drugs.

[Link] elevation of the serum transaminase level is a symptom of acute hepatitis.

[Link] cardiac output is 4 to 6 L/minute, with a stroke volume of 60 to 70 ml.

[Link] vomiting or removal of the stomach contents through suction can decrease the potassium level

and lead to hypokalemia.

[Link] a heparin antagonist, protamine is an antidote for heparin overdose.

[Link] a patient has a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test, such as the purified protein derivative test, the

nurse should suspect current or past exposure. The nurse should ask the patient about a history of tuberculosis

(TB) and the presence of early signs and symptoms of TB, such as low-grade fever, weight loss, night sweats,

fatigue, and anorexia.

[Link] and symptoms of acute rheumatic fever include chorea, fever, carditis, migratory polyarthritis,

erythema marginatum (rash), and subcutaneous nodules.

[Link] undergoing any invasive dental procedure, the patient who has a history of rheumatic fever

should receive prophylactic penicillin therapy. This therapy helps to prevent contamination of the blood with

oral bacteria, which could migrate to the heart valves.

[Link] a myocardial infarction, most patients can resume sexual activity when they can climb two flights of

stairs without fatigue or dyspnea.

[Link] patients are susceptible to orthostatic hypotension because the baroreceptors become less sensitive

to position changes as people age.

[Link] the patient with suspected renal or urethral calculi, the nurse should strain the urine to determine

whether calculi have been passed.

[Link] nurse should place the patient with ascites in the semi-Fowler position because it permits maximum

lung expansion.

[Link] the patient who has ingested poison, the nurse should save the vomitus for analysis.

[Link] earliest signs of respiratory distress are increased respiratory rate and increased pulse rate.

[Link] adults, gastroenteritis is commonly self-limiting and causes diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and

vomiting.

[Link] output equals stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate per minute.

[Link] patients with acute meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid protein level is elevated.

[Link] a patient is suspected of having food poisoning, the nurse should notify public health authorities so

that they can interview patients and food handlers and take samples of the suspected contaminated food.

[Link] patient who is receiving a potassium-wasting diuretic should eat potassium-rich foods.

163.A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should receive low- level oxygen administration by

nasal cannula (2 to 3 L/minute) to avoid interfering with the hypoxic drive.

[Link] metabolic acidosis, the patient may have Kussmaul’s respirations because the rate and depth of

respirations increase to “blow off” excess carbonic acids.

[Link] women, gonorrhea affects the vagina and fallopian tubes.

[Link] traumatic amputation, the greatest threats to the patient are blood loss and hypovolemic shock. Initial

interventions should control bleeding and replace fluid and blood as needed.
[Link] is a sympathomimetic drug that acts primarily on alpha, beta1, and beta2 receptors, causing

vasoconstriction.

[Link]’s adverse effects include dyspnea, tachycardia, palpitations, headaches, and hypertension.

169.A cardinal sign of pancreatitis is an elevated serum amylase level.

[Link] colonic irrigation is used to stimulate peristalsis and reduce flatulence.

[Link] is the most common postoperative problem.

[Link] patient can control some colostomy odors by avoiding such foods as fish, eggs, onions, beans, and

cabbage and related vegetables.

[Link] paralysis or coma impairs or erases the corneal reflex, frequent eye care is performed to keep the

exposed cornea moist, preventing ulceration and inflammation.

[Link] for the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome include treating existing infections

and cancers, reducing the risk of opportunistic infections, maintaining adequate nutrition and hydration, and

providing emotional support to the patient and family.

[Link] and symptoms of chlamydial infection are urinary frequency; thin, white vaginal or urethral

discharge; and cervical inflammation.

[Link] infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

[Link] pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone in the cranial cavity.

[Link] gravis is a neuromuscular disorder that’s characterized by impulse disturbances at the

myoneural junction.

[Link] gravis, which usually affects young women, causes extreme muscle weakness and fatigability,

difficulty chewing and talking, strabismus, and ptosis.

[Link] is a life-threatening disorder in which the body’s core temperature drops below 95° F (35° C).

[Link] and symptoms of hypopituitarism in adults may include gonadal failure, diabetes insipidus,

hypothyroidism, and adrenocortical insufficiency.

[Link]’s syndrome causes a triad of symptoms: arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis.

[Link] patients who have had a partial gastrectomy, a carbohydrate- restricted diet includes foods that are high

in protein and fats and restricts foods that are high in carbohydrates. High-carbohydrate foods are digested

quickly and are readily emptied from the stomach into the duodenum, causing diarrhea and dumping syndrome.

184.A woman of childbearing age who is undergoing chemotherapy should be encouraged to use a

contraceptive because of the risk of fetal damage if she becomes pregnant.

[Link] anemia is vitamin B12 deficiency that’s caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, which is produced

by the gastric mucosal parietal cells.

[Link] perform pursed-lip breathing, the patient inhales through the nose and exhales slowly and evenly against

pursed lips while contracting the abdominal muscles.

187.A patient who is undergoing chemotherapy should consume a highcalorie, high-protein diet.

[Link] effects of chemotherapy include bone marrow depression, which causes anemia, leukopenia, and

thrombocytopenia; GI epithelial cell irritation, which causes GI ulceration, bleeding, and vomiting; and

destruction of hair follicles and skin, which causes alopecia and dermatitis.

[Link] hemoglobin electrophoresis test differentiates between sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia.

[Link] antibiotics erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline act by inhibiting protein synthesis in

susceptible organisms.
CTTO