MODULE 2

QUALIFICATION TITLE : GARMENTS NC II

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : SET AND OPERATE SEWING

MACHINE/S

MODULE TITLE : SETTING AND OPERATING SEWING

MACHINE/S

NOMINAL DURATION : 125 HRS.

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WHAT IS THIS MODULE ABOUT?

This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required

in setting and operating sewing machine/s.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

After completing this module, you should be able to:

a. set sewing machine/s

b. conduct sample run
c. test sewing machine output and re-adjust sewing machine
setting
d. maintain records of sewing machine in good running condition

WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

Let us determine how much you already know about setting and
operating sewing machines. Read and understand the questions below.
Choose the correct answer and write it in your quiz notebook.

______1. The equipment that makes sewing easier and faster is:
a. electric iron b. iron board
c. sewing machine d. working table

______2. The size of sewing machine needle used for general

sewing is:
a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16

______3. A machine that is run by foot which may also be converted to

electric power machine is:
a. hemmer machine b. high speed over edger
c. lockstitch machine d. over edging machine

______4. A machine which has an oiler tank where the oil is restored
under its bed is:
a. embroidery machine b. hemmer machine
c. hi-speed lockstitch machine d. over edging machine

______5. A machine used in making fancy stitches and in making

different kinds of embroidery stitches on fabrics is:
a. button holer machine b. double needle machine
c. embroidery machine d. lockstitch sewing machine

______6. The flat portion of the sewing machine is called:

a. arm b. bed c. cabinet d. head

______7. The mechanism which sets the sewing machine in motion is:
a. balance wheel b. belt
c. feed dog d. stitch regulator

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______8. The part of the sewing machine that controls the
looseness
and tightness of stitches is:
a. bobbin b. presser foot
c. thread guide d. upper tension

______9. The part of the sewing machine that checks the length of
stitches is:
a. balance wheel b. belt
c. feed dog d. stitch regulator

______10. The part of the sewing machine that controls the bobbin
while
winding the thread is:
a. bobbin winder b. needle bar
c. needle clamp d. spool pin

______11. The fabric that appears different in the up-and-down

directions
depending on the reflection of light is:
a. napped b. non-woven
c. synthetic d. wash-and-wear

______12. The first step in threading the upper part of the sewing
machine is:
a. bring the thread to thread guide
b. pull it through the lower thread guide
c. put the spool of thread on the spool pin
d. thread the needle

______13. The first step in threading the lower part of the sewing
machine is to:
a. be sure that you hear the case being locked upon
inserting
the bobbin case inside the shuttle
b. pull the upper and lower thread together by 4 inches
c. put the bobbin back to the bobbin case and pull the
thread through the little slot at least 4 inches
d. remove the bobbin case pulling on the bobbin case
latch.

______14. The most suitable fabric for beginners is:

a. brocade b. cotton
c. satin d. velvet

______15. When sewing, place one foot ______ on the treadle and the
other
foot slightly back.

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 a. forward b. downward
c. sideward d. none of these

______16. The correct way to stop the electric sewing machine is to:
a. ask for assistance
b. control the treadle
c. foot off on the motor controller
d. push the sewing machine

______17. One of these is a good characteristic of stitches:

a. There are skipped or broken gaps in stitching
b. The length of stitch is proportioned to the texture of the
fabric
c. The stitching has tangles
d. None of the above

______18. The upper tension controls the thread from the:

a. bobbin b. needle
c. thread guide d. spool pin

______19. The lower tension controls the thread from the:

a. bobbin b. bobbin case
c. feed dog d. shuttle

______20. The pressure must be regulated according to the _______ to

be
stitched.
a. fabric b. material
c. paper d. plastic

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LESSON 1

SETTING SEWING MACHINE

WHAT IS THIS LESSON ABOUT?

The lesson deals with the types of the sewing machine and
sewing machine setting.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. identify the types of sewing machine

2. identify the parts and functions of the sewing machine
3. set sewing machine correctly

LET’S STUDY

Let’s Define

Altering – to change a portion of a garment so that it fits the

body.
Recycling – to pass again through a cycle of changes or
treatment.
Reinforce – to strengthen with additional support.
Repairing – to restore to good condition.
Set – preparation of sewing machine for operation.

Sewing Equipment

A sewing machine is an equipment which is very indispensable in

any sewing activity, whether it be repairing, altering clothes or
recycling household articles. It makes sewing easier and faster.

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Types of Sewing Machines

Well-selected sewing machine is essential for achieving good

results. It should be used correctly in accordance with the job
requirements.

1. Lockstitch Sewing Machine – this is usually

used in homes and sometimes in school. This is
also called “Domestic Sewing Machine”. It is
run by foot and may also be converted to
electric power machine.

2. Hi-Speed Lockstitch Sewing Machine –

sometimes called ‘straight stitching machine”
or industrial sewing machine has automatic
lubrication and is used by tailors and
dressmakers.

3. Over Edging Machine – other companies call

it “small machine”. It finishes the raw edges of
the pattern for construction.

4. Embroidery Machine – this is used in making

fancy stitches and in making different kinds of
embroidery stitches on fabrics for the Barong
Tagalog, pillow cases, linen and other novelty
items.

5. Button Holer Machine – this is used in

making buttonholes on garments.

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 6. Button Attachment Machine – this is used
in attaching buttons to the garments.

7. Double Needle Machine – this is used in

the construction of the different kinds of
clothing especially for the inseam, outseam
and side seam.

8. Bartacking Machine – this is used in

reinforcing the opening and closing of
pockets and plackets of garments.

The Two Major Parts of the Lockstitch Sewing Machine

The two major parts of the lock stitch sewing machine are the
upper and lower parts.

The Upper Parts is composed of:

1. Head is the complete sewing

machine
without a cabinet or stand.
2. Arm is the curve part of the head
containing mechanism for operating
the needle.
3. Bed is the flat portion of the machine
and beneath is the feed dog where it
is mounted, and the shuttle and
lower thread are placed.

Parts of the Sewing Machine in the Arm

1. Spool Pin is the thread holder.

2. Thread Guide keeps the thread in position.

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 3. Thread Take up Lever releases the thread and interlocks
with the bobbin thread.
4. Presser bar lifter moves the presser foot high.
5. Tension controls the looseness and tightness of stitches.
6. Needle Bar holds the needle in place.
7. Needle Clamp holds and tightens the needle.
8. Presser Foot holds the fabric in place while sewing.
9. Needle is a slender tool attached in the needle clamp used
for sewing.
10. Bobbin Winder controls the bobbin while winding thread.
11. Stitch regulator checks the length of the stitches.
12. Balance Wheel sets the mechanism in motion.
13. Belt connects the balance wheel to the drive wheel.
14. Stop Motion Screw hinders moving when loosened and
starts
moving when tightened.

Parts of Sewing Machine under the

Bed

1. Feed Dog moves the fabric

while
sewing.
2. Throat plate windows of the
feed
dog and it is where the bobbin
threads come out.
3. Slide plate is a movable plate
that covers the shuttle and
bobbin case.
4. Shuttle holds the bobbin case
while sewing.
5. Bobbin is a metal spool for
winding thread.
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 6. Bobbin Case holds the bobbin.

The Lower Parts of the Lock Stitch Sewing Machine

The lower parts of the sewing machine are the cabinet and the
stand. The cabinet has drawers and screw on the hinges for the
attachment of the head.

The following are the lower parts of the sewing machine and their
uses:

1. Band Wheel leads the balance wheel through the belt

connection.
2. Band Wheel Crank moves the band wheel.
3. Pitman Rod holds the treadle to band wheel crank.
4. Belt Guide holds the belt to its place.
5. Belt Shifter removes the belt from the wheel.
6. Dress Guard protects the dress from the wheel.
7. Treadle is where the feet are stationed to drive the
band
wheel through the pitman rod.
8. Legs support the cabinet of the machine.
9. Cabinet holds the head of the machine by interlocking
screw on the hinges.

Sewing Machine Needles and Threads

Needles

Sewing machine needles are graded according to diameter and

length. In the system of sewing machine needle sizes, the needles for
the 96-87 machine are of a class and variety known as 16 x 231 and
are furnished in sizes 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, and 23. For example, a
needle for this machine would be specified as nos. 18, 16, x 231.

30
Needles for the 31 -15 machines are of a class and variety known as 16
x 87. These needles are furnished in sizes 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22,
and 23.
The size of a needle is shown by a number stamped on its shank.
The low numbers indicate needles of small diameters, while the higher
numbers indicate larger sizes.
In machine stitching, the thread must pass freely through the eye
of the needle. If the needle is too small, the thread will pull through the
eye with difficulty and interfere with successful operation of the
machine. On the other hand, if the needle is too coarse it will leave
holes in the material. Therefore, the needle size depends upon the size
of thread to be used.

Parts and Functions of a Sewing Machine Needle

1. Butt - absorbs the pressure of the

needle bar.
2. Shank-provides stability to the
needle
blades and to its part when inserted.
3. Shoulder-supports the blade and
shank.
4. Blade-the thinnest part of the
sewing
machine needle that always
counters the friction while sewing.
5. Long Groove-the point where the
shuttle hooks and the needle meet.
6. Eye-it is where the thread is
inserted.
7. Short Groove-the part of the needle
blade.
8. Point/Tip-it cuts the fiber of the
materials.

Threads

Sewing machine thread is furnished in cotton, linen, silk, or silk

substitute. It is available in many colors and shades. The sizes in cotton
range from number 8 a coarse thread, to number 100, a fine thread.
Numbers 40, 50 and 60 are the sizes most commonly used in sewing
clothing parts. The sizes in silk range from 0, a fine thread, through A,
B, C, D, and E a heavy thread.

31
 The thread should be selected to suit the materials to be sewn.
The color, size and kind of thread are very important to the finished
appearance of the garment. A thread which is shaded darker than the
material is usually preferred as it blends well.
Machine thread for use in the garment shop is usually furnished
on cones. The taper of the cone allows the thread to unwind freely as it
is drawn through the machine. For general sewing, a soft finished
cotton thread is more desirable than a glazed thread for it will slip
down the cone and tangle. Mercerized cotton frays badly when used on
the sewing machine.

SIZES OF NEEDLES AND THREAD FOR MACHINE SEWING

SIZES AND KINDS SIZES OF

FABRIC TYPE OF WORK
OF THREADS NEEDLES
Lightweight General Sewing 60 -80 Cotton
Woolens, Seaming A & B Silk 14
Cotton Silks and Setting Welts and
Shirtings Edge Stitching OO Silk

Woolens, Wool General Sewing

Rayons Medium Sewing Pockets 40-60 Cotton
Weight Cotton and and Linings, 16 & 17
Shirting Heavy Silk Taping Edge
Sewing Pants C Silk

Heavy Cotton Goods General Heavy

Twills, Denims, Sewing
Overcoating Work Clothing 30 -40 Cotton 18 & 19
Sewing Overcoats D & E Silk

Heavy Duck, Suning Sewing Laundry

Materials Bags, Cot Covers 16 -20 Cotton 21

Extra Heavy Duck Extra Heavy 8 -16 Cotton 21 & 23

Sewing

Setting of Sewing Machines

Perfect machine stitching is easy to achieve if you set the

machine properly. This involves threading the upper and lower parts of
the sewing machine. The beginner in garment making must learn how
to thread the head of the sewing machine as one of the first steps in

32
becoming a competent operator. It is just as important to master the
operation of threading a needle for hand sewing. Now, are you ready to
become a competent operator?

Threading the Machine

Each part of the threading mechanism on the head of a sewing

machine has a definite purpose in guiding the thread from the spool to
the needle. The thread must pass through the various guides in a given
order so that the machine will sew properly the formed stitches.

A. Order of threading in the upper part:

1. Spool Pin
2. Upper thread guide
3. Between metal disc of tension
4. Thread take up lever
5. Lower thread guide
6. Needle

Steps:
1. Put the spool of thread on the spool pin.
2. Bring the thread to the thread guide.
3. Pull the thread between the metal disc of the tension.
4. Bring the thread up to the thread take up lever and raise it as
it goes.
5. Pull the thread down to the thread guide.
6. Pull it through the lower thread guide.
7. Thread the needle.

B. Threading the lower part;

Steps:
1. Remove the bobbin case by pulling on the bobbin case latch.
2. Remove the bobbin from the case and wind the thread.
3. Put the bobbin back to the bobbin case and pull the thread
through the little slot at least 4 inches.
4. Be sure that you hear the case being locked upon inserting
the bobbin case inside the shuttle.

33
 5. Start the mechanism by rolling the balance wheel forward to
get the thread of the bobbin through the needle.
6. Pull the upper and lower thread together by 4 inches.

Removing the Bobbin and Bobbin Case

It is often necessary to remove a bobbin to either refill or replace

it. Here are the steps in removing the bobbin and bobbin case:

1. Turn the balance wheel toward you

with the right hand until the needle
has moved to its highest point.

2. Open the slide in the bed of the

machine part way until the bobbin
case is visible.

3. Reach under the bed of the machine

and open the bobbin case latch with
the thumb and forefinger of the left
hand.
Caution: Keep feet off the treadle.
Note: The latch on the bobbin case
for the machine opens to the left at
A to the right on the bobbin case for
the machine.
4. Remove the bobbin case from the
center stud with the latch held in the
open position.
Note: The bobbin will be held in the bobbin case while the latch is
open.

34
 5. Remove the bobbin from the case by
releasing the latch and turning the
open end of the case downward to
allow the bobbin to drop out.

6. Place the bobbin case in machine

drawer until you are ready to thread
it.
Note: Each bobbin case is adjusted to
the machine on which it is used. Avoid
using bobbin cases from other
machines.

How to Wind the Bobbin

Make sure that the bobbin fit the bobbin case of the machine you are
using.

1. Loosen the stop motion screw by

turning it towards you. This stops the
needle from moving.

2. Put the spool of thread on the spool

pin. Let it pass through the first thread
guide and the bobbin winder thread
guide.

35
3. Wind the end of the thread a little
around the bobbin towards you, lift
the bobbin winder latch and press the
bobbin through its spindle.

4. Release the latch and press the

bobbin winder against the balance
wheel.

5. Run the machine until the bobbin is

full. In some models, the bobbin
winder automatically stops when the
bobbin is sufficiently wound.

6. Lift the latch. Remove the bobbin and

release the latch. Cut off the thread
from the spool. Allow 10 cm. (4 in.) of
dangling thread.

36
LET’S REMEMBER

The success of machine operation

depends on the ability to identify the types,
parts and functions of the sewing machine and
the skills in setting sewing machine.

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

I. Match the types of the sewing machines in Column A with the

descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your
quiz notebook.

Column A Column B
_____1. This is used in making fancy a. hi-speed lockstitch sewing
stitches and in making machine
different kinds of embroidery b. lockstitch sewing
machine
stitches. c. Button holer machine
_____2. This is used for making d. Hemming machine
button holes on garment. e. Over edging machine
_____3. This is sometimes called f. Embroidery machine
“straight stitching machine”.
_____4. This is usually used at home and
sometimes in school.
_____5. This finishes the raw edges of the
pattern construction.

II. Identify the parts of the lockstitch sewing machine. Write your
answers in your quiz notebook.

37
III. Arrange the steps in threading the upper and lower parts of the
sewing machine. Write number 1 for the first step, 2 for the second
step, and so on. Write your answer in your quiz notebook.

A. Steps in threading the upper part

______ Thread the needle.

______ Pull it through the lower thread guide.
______ Pull the thread down to the thread guide.
______ Put the spool of thread on the spool pin.
______ Bring thread to the thread guide.
______ Pull the thread between the metal disc of the tension.
______ Bring the thread up to the lower thread take up lever and raise it
as it goes.

B. Steps in threading the lower part

______ Remove the bobbin case by pulling on the bobbin case latch.
______ Pull the upper and lower thread together by four inches.
______ Remove the bobbin from the case and wind the thread.
______ Start the mechanism by rolling the balance wheel forward to get
the thread of the bobbin through the needle.
______ Be sure that you hear the case being locked upon inserting the
bobbin case inside the shuttle.
______ Put the bobbin back to the bobbin case and pull the thread
through the little slot at least four inches.

38
 LET’S APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED!

Task 1

Pair Work
1. Practice the following:
a. Threading the upper parts of the sewing machine
b. Threading the lower parts of the sewing machine
c. Removing the bobbin and bobbin case
d. Winding the bobbin

SCORING RUBRICS

Very
Satisfactor Fairly Needs
Excellent Satisfactor
Criteria y Satisfactory Improvement Score
(5) y
(3) (2) (1)
(4)
1. Steps Some of the Few of the Most of the Did not follow
Knowledge were steps were steps were steps were any of the
followed omitted not followed not followed steps
from step
1 to the
last
2. Speed Finished Finished on Finished but Finished but Did not finish
ahead of time late by late by more
time three than 3
minutes minutes

39
3. Did not Needed Needed Needed Needed
Assistance need assistance assistance assistance assistance
required assistance once twice four to five every time
times

Task 2

Individual Tasks
1. Cut out pictures of different types of the sewing machine. Identify
or label each type. Then submit it to your teacher.
2. Draw pictures of a lockstitch sewing machine and identify its
parts.

RESOURCES

Equipment
Lockstitch Sewing Machine
Hi-speed Sewing Machine
Edging Machine

Tools
Scissors

Supplies
Thread

Accessories
Presser foot
Machine Needle

Learning Materials
Writing Pad
Learning Modules
Manuals
Textbook

REFERENCES

Complete Guide to Sewing. Reader’s Digest. U.S.A. The Reader’s Digest

Association, Inc., 1976.

40
De Cosse, Cy. et al. Singer (Sewing Update). U.S.A. Contemporary Book
Inc., 1988.

De Guzman, Ines A. Technology and Home Economics (First Year).

Manila. Saint Bernadette Publications, Inc.,1993.

Hilario, Carmelita B. Clothing Technology (Made Easy). Valenzuela City.

24k Printing Co., Inc., 2001.

http//www. Ballentynes Fashion Central@[Link]

http//www. [Link]

LESSON 2

CONDUCTING SAMPLE RUN

WHAT IS THIS LESSON ABOUT?

The lesson deals with the materials used for sample run and
sewing machine operations.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

41
 1. obtain appropriate materials used for sample run in
operating a sewing machine
2. find pleasure in obtaining materials and in operating a
sewing machine
3. operate sewing machine properly

LET’S STUDY

Let’s Define

Colorfast – does not fade easily.

Feel – to experience the good or bad results of something. In
this lesson it refers to the familiarity of fabrics and
sewing machine.
Ravel – loose threads of the raw edge or cut edge of fabric.
Shrinkage – the reduction in length or width of a fiber yarn
or fabric.
Treadle – is where the feet are stationed to drive the band
wheel through the pitman rod.
Treadle Machine – this is usually used in homes and
sometimes in school. It is run by foot and may also
be converted to electric machine.
Wrinkle resistance – resiliency.

Materials Used for Sample Run

The basis of any fashion is the materials of which it is made.

Fabric is the seamstress’ raw material – her point and canvass.
The fabric should be easy to handle, so that the learning process
are not hampered by the fabric itself. It should be appropriate to the
task to be conducted. The texture, design and weight which are easily
handled should be selected.

Factors to Consider in Fabric Selection

1. Texture – refers to the appearance of fabric whether a fabric is

shiny or dull, smooth or rough.
2. Quality of fabric – refers to the desired characteristics such as
color fastness, shrinkage, wrinkle resistance and wash-and-
wear properties.

42
 3. Label – refers to the information of fabric such as a) fiber
content and percentages, b) name or identification number of
manufacturer, c) permanent – care label, d) then brand name
of the product.

Fabrics Suitable for Beginners

Firmly woven cotton is a good fabric choice since it is easy to

handle. Percale, broadcloth, and chambray are fabrics which are easy
to cut and sew. Indian Head and denim are also fairly easy to handle,
but they may ravel and require a seam finish.

Fabrics Requiring Special Handling

The following fabrics require special:

1. Wash-and-Wear and Permanent Press Fabrics –

these fabrics are satisfactory for simple
patterns.

2. Synthetic Suedes and Leathers – these fabrics

are non-woven of s ynthetic materials. They
look and feel like leather but handle like fabric.

3. Non Woven Fabrics – these fabrics are limited

largely to shaping, reinforcing, and padding.

4. Napped and Patterned Fabrics – these fabrics

refer to pile fabrics, such as velvet; to fabric
with fuzzy surfaces, such as fleece; and to
textured fabrics, such as brocade, satin and
knits. These fabrics appear different in the up-
and-down directions, depending on the
reflection of light.

43
Sewing Machine Operation

Now that you are able to obtain materials appropriate for the
setting of the sewing machine, let us proceed to machine operation.

Points to Remember when Operating the Sewing Machine

When sewing by hand or on the machine there are certain

practices that we should remember. Many accidents can happen unless
safe habits of sewing are practiced. Tools and equipment used in this
activity are pointed and sharp. If you are careful, much pain and
discomfort can be avoided. Replacing broken equipment will make
them last longer. Your health too can be preserved if you practice good
work habits.

1. Always work with the light coming from the left. In this way you
can see your work well. Your eyes do not suffer from the glare of
a light that shines directly if it comes from the left.
2. Wash your hands before working. This will keep your work clean.
Unwashed hands will soil your work. If your hands perspire, have
a hand towel nearby. Wipe your hands on the towel every time
that you feel they are moist. Let some time pass before washing
your hands after doing some sewing. The hands should not be
washed when they are tired.
3. Use the scissors for cutting thread. They cut well than your teeth.
It is not sanitary to put anything but food and drink in the mouth.
Cutting thread with your teeth is unsanitary. Always have a pair
of scissors nearby to cut thread either from the spool or ball or
from the work. Breaking the thread by the hands is not advisable
either. Sometimes thread has a very tight twist. It is difficult to
break the thread with a tight twist.
4. Be careful when handling scissors or shears. Keep the point away
from you. Always place them in your box after using. Do not
leave them around. Children may get hold of them and get hurt.

Using the Sewing Machine

1. Sit correctly while using the sewing machine. Put the chair
directly in front of the machine. Sit well back on the chair. Put
both of your feet on the treadle. Treadle with both feet. Do not
use just one foot for treadling. You will have better balance and
better control using both feet on the treadle. Place one foot in
front and one to the back.
2. Your left hand guides the material as it is being stitched. Keep
your hand a safe distance from the needle. Do not run the
machine too fast. Learn to guide your material as you learn how
to run the machine.

44
 3. Your right hand starts the balance wheel. Use the open palm of
the right hand to start and stop the machine. Do not use your
fingers. They may get caught in the wheel.
4. Before cutting the thread leave about 6 centimeters of it from the
needle. In this way the thread does not get out of the needle
when you next start stitching.
5. To fasten machine stitching use either of the two methods:
a. Retrace the stitching both at the beginning and at the end.
This is sometimes called backstitching. Start or stop the
machine with the needle in the material. Raise the presser
foot, turn the material around, lower the presser foot and
stitch about 1 cm. in the reverse direction in the line of
stitching. Retrace the 1 cm. of stitching and continue.
Some machines are made with stitch backwards. Then in
this case the material need not be turned around.
b. Tie the ends of the threads. The stitching is started and
stopped at the points desired. The ends of the thread are
left long enough for tying. Pull the threads to the wrong
side. Tie the threads close to the material. Then cut the
threads with scissors.

Steps in Operating the Treadle Machine

Working with the sewing machine harmoniously requires extra

effort from you. Familiarity with its parts and functions are important to
operate the sewing machine properly. Here are the steps in operating
the treadle machine:

1. Place the foot forward on the treadle and the other foot slightly
back.
2. Using the right hand, turn the balance wheel.

Note: The treadle will begin to move-up-and-down

3. As the treadle moves, apply pressure gradually first with the foot
that is forward, then with the foot that is slightly back. Gradually
withdraw the hand from the balance wheel.
4. To stop the machine, place one hand on the balance wheel and
stop the motion of the feet.
5. Turn the balance wheel until the needle is at its highest position.

Note: Practice until the balance wheel continues in the same direction
and the treadle can be operated with an even, regular rhythm.

Steps in Operating the Electric Machine

45
 Electric machine is easier to operate than the treadle machine
especially when you learn how to control the treadle. Here are the
steps in operating the electric machine:

1. Turn on the switch button.

2. Start the machine by turning the balance wheel with the right
hand, then press the control with the foot.
3. Stop the machine by controlling the treadle.

Note: The treadle will begin to move-up-and-down

How to Control the Electric Machine

In learning to operate the electric machine, the beginner should

know the names, locations, and purposes of those parts which control
the machine. Like the driver of an automobile who must be able to
start, stop, and steer the car, the sewing machine operator must be
able to coordinate eye, hand, and foot movements in controlling the
machine.
Confidence in one’s ability to operate any mechanical device or
machine is gained through practice. The learner should become
accustomed to the “feel” of the machine before attempting to do
actual sewing. Practicing on a piece of cloth in an unthreaded machine
is recommended as a beginning exercise.
It is very important for the beginner to know that during practice
and at all other times when a sewing machine is run without sewing,
the needle should be unthreaded and the presser foot should not come
directly in contact with the feeder.
As soon as the “feel” of the machine is acquired, the learner will
be ready to try it at threading and plain stitching.
These are exercises to be performed without thread in the
machine. They are intended to introduce the electric machine to the
beginner and provide to work the controls.

Procedure

1. Sit in an erect position, well back on the seat of the chair, and
close to the machine. The chair should be placed so that the
center of the body will be in line with the needle.
2. Start the motor by turning the switch to the “on” position.
3. Raise the presser foot with the presser bar lifter.
4. Turn the balance wheel toward you until the needle is raised
above the presser foot.
5. Place the material under the presser foot.
6. Lower the presser foot by pressing against the knee press.

Note: Pressure on the knee press will release the presser bar
when locked in the raised position.
46
 7. Place the right foot on the treadle with the weight of the foot
resting on the heel.
8. Place the hands on material at each side of the presser foot.
9. Start the machine by pressing down on the treadle with the ball
of the foot.
[Link] the material with the finger tips as the work feeds through
the machine.

Caution: Keep both hands at a safe distance to the right and left of the
needle.

[Link] the machine when the needle is about one inch from the
end
of the material.
Caution: Avoid running the machine with the presser
foot directly against the feeder. This causes excessive
wear on those parts.

12. Move the balance wheel by hand so that the needle is down
through the material; then, raise the presser foot with the knee
press and swing the material on the needle end for end.
[Link] running the material through the machine from end to
end until a fair degree of control is acquired.

LET’S REMEMBER

Confidence in one’s ability to operate any

mechanical device or machine is gained through
practice. It is important to become accustomed to the
“feel” of the fabric and of the sewing machine.
HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. What are the fabrics appropriate for beginners?

2. What are the factors to consider in selecting fabrics?
3. Why is choosing the right kind of fabric important in sewing
machine operation?
4. Why is the coordination of hand and foot necessary in
operating the sewing machine?
5. How is treadle machine operated? Electric machine?
6. How is electric machine controlled?

47
 LET’S APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED!

Tasks

1. Visit 2 or more dress shops near your locality. Ask for swatches
for fabrics appropriate for beginners like you. Examine, analyze
and classify the textures and quality of different fabrics.. Make a
table of comparison and submit it to your teacher.

Put a check (√) after each item Yes No

1. Did I visit 2 or more dress shops in the locality?
2. Did I list down the different kinds of fabrics they are
using?
3. Did I classify the different fabrics?
4. Was I able to get swatches of different fabrics for
samples?
5. Did I make the necessary examination on the fabrics,
write it down, and submit my report to my teacher?

2. Gather tips on the proper choice of fabrics appropriate for a

beginner. Use updated magazines, brochures as your references.
Report it to the class.
3. Practice the following:
a. Operating the treadle machine
b. Operating the electric machine
c. Controlling the sewing machines

SCORING RUBRICS

Very Fairly Needs

Satisfactor
Excellent Satisfactor Satisfactor Improvemen Scor
Criteria y
(5) y y t e
(3)
(4) (2) (1)
1. Procedure Some of the Few of the Most of the Did not follow
Knowledg s were procedures procedures procedures any of the
e followed were were not were not procedures
from step omitted followed followed
1 to the
last

48
2. Speed Finished Finished on Finished but Finished but Did not finish
ahead of time late by late by more
time three than 3
minutes minutes

3. Did not Needed Needed Needed Needed

Assistanc need assistance assistance assistance assistance
e required assistance once twice four to five most of the
times time

RESOURCES

Equipment
Sewing Machine

Tools
Shears / Scissors

Supplies
Thread
Pieces of scrap fabrics

Learning Materials
Manual and Textbook

REFERENCES

Badajos, Marilou D. et al. Technology and Livelihood Education III.

Makati City. CSC Publishing Inc., 2005.

Del Rosario, Marissa and Constancia Del Rosario. Clothing and Textiles
III & IV. Manila. Philippine Book Company. 1986.

49
Erwin, Mabel D. Clothing for Moderns. Sixth Edition. Quezon City. JMC
Press Inc., 1979.

Hilario, Carmelita B. Clothing Technology (Made Easy). Valenzuela City.

24k Printing Co., Inc., 2001.

http//www. Ballentynes Fashion Central@[Link]

http/
/www. [Link]

LESSON 3

TESTING SEWING MACHINE OUTPUT AND

RE-ADJUSTING MACHINE SETTING

WHAT IS THIS LESSON ABOUT?

50
 The lesson deals on how sewing machine outputs are tested and
how to make adjustments on the sewing machine.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. test sewing machine output(s)

2. interpret test results to determine adjustment requirements
3. discuss the necessary machine adjustments
4. demonstrate how to make adjustments on the sewing machine
properly
5. observe health practices while adjusting the sewing machine

LET’S STUDY

Let’s Define

Consistent– uniformed.
Interlock – to engage or interlace together.
Lint – soft light pieces of thread or wool that come off.
Long groove – the point where the shuttle hooks and the
needle meets.
Pressure – the force exerted on the fabric as it is moved,
by the action of the feed, under the presser
foot.
Sheer off – to change direction suddenly, especially in
order to avoid something.
Short groove – the part of the needle blade.
Stitch length - refers to how long each individual stitch
is.
Swatches – small pieces of fabrics.
Tangles – a twisted mass of thread.
Tension - refers to the force that is applied by the
machine on your thread.
Tension spring – small screw in the outside part of the
Howbobbin
to Test Sewing Machine Output
case.

Now you are ready for hands on testing, which requires some
prior practice at home. Let us start by, preparing the following:

Materials Equipment Tools

1 cotton fabric (4”x 4”) Lockstitch Sewing Machine Scissors
1 silk fabric (4”x 4”)
1 denim fabric (4”x 4”)
1 cotton fabric (4”x 5”)
51
1 silk fabric (4”x 5”)
1 denim fabric (4”x 5”)

You are now ready to do the following steps:

1. Arrange the swatches, right side to wrong side, with the smaller
swatch on top and one side aligned.
2. Overlap each set of swatches by ½” and baste together by
machine or with glue stick.
3. Stitch on the swatches by stitching straight lines at various stitch
lengths.
4. Set the stitch length at 15-12, position the swatches, and lower
the presser foot. Turn the balance wheel by hand to see whether
the needle stitches are in the same hole or not on each down
stroke of the needle.

Key Points to Consider in Testing Machine Output

After accomplishing the activity above you can test the output
using the following:

1. Consistent stitches remain uniform in length through varying

fabric types, weights and thicknesses.
2. With correct tension, the top and bobbin thread interlock
between the double fabric layers or within the fabric itself on the
single layer.
3. Lightweight single layers of fabric should show minimal loops on
the right and wrong sides.

Standards for Judging Stitching

Interpreting sewing machine output will be an easy task if you

know the characteristics of a good stitch. Now, are you ready to study
the characteristics of good stitches?
Let us begin.

Characteristics of Good Stitches

1. The length of stitch is proportioned to the texture of the fabric.

2. The stitch is the same in length.
3. The stitches appear the same on both right and wrong sides of
the fabric.
4. The stitching follows the intended line smoothly and accurately.
5. There are no skipped or broken gaps in stitching.
6. When retraced, it appears as one line of stitching.
7. The stitching has no tangles.

52
How to Make Adjustment on the Machine

There are two tension adjustments on the sewing machine, the

upper and the lower. The upper tension controls the thread from the
needle, while the lower tension controls the thread from the needle,
while the lower tension controls the thread from the bobbin case.
These tensions must be adjusted to suit various fabrics. If the tensions
on both threads are properly adjusted, the threads will lock at the
center of the material and form a correct stitch.
The size of stitches varies with the type of work being sewed.
Thin materials require a short stitch, a light thread, a fine needle, and a
tight tension. Heavier materials require a longer stitch, a coarser
thread, a larger needle, and less tension.
Sewing machine needles become dull through hard usage and
also through ordinary wear; sometimes, they become bent by improper
use. The condition of the needle should be checked when sewing
difficulties occur. A defective needle should be replaced by a new
needle of proper size. A dull needle will show a flat shiny spot at the
very tip when rotated between the fingers. The straightness of a
needle can be tested by rolling the larger end on a flat surface; bent
needles will wobble and straight needles will roll true.

A. How to Adjust Tension on the Needle Thread

The stitch tension control determines the amount of tension on

the thread as they pass through the machine.

1. Correcting a Loose Top Stitch

When the needle thread tension is too tight, the thread will lie
straight along the upper surface as shown in figure 1.

53
 Figure 1

 Lower the presser foot.

 Turn the small thumb nut at the front
of the tension discs to the left (counter
clockwise) to decrease the tension.
Figure 2.

Figure 2

2. Correcting a Loose Bottom Stitch

When the needle tension is too loose, the thread will lie along the
under side of the material as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

 Lower the presser foot.

 Check to make sure that the thread is between the tension
discs.
 Turn the small thumb nut, at the front of the tension disc to
the right (clockwise) to increase the tension.
 Check the stitch on pieces of scrap material.

B. How to Adjust Tension on Bobbin Thread

1. Checking Bobbin Case

 Remove the bobbin from the bobbin

case.
 Clean the inside of the bobbin case.
Remove all particles of lint and dust
with a small point stick as shown in
Figure 4.
Note: If the tension spring is bent
away from the bobbin case, or if the

54
 ends of the spring near the delivery eye are damaged, they
should be replaced. Consult your teacher if defective parts
are discovered.
Figure 4

2. Adjusting Tension Spring on Bobbin Case

The tension on the bobbin thread is controlled by adjusting

the tension spring on the outside of the bobbin case. It is
seldom necessary to change this adjustment once the tension
has been properly set. The operator will usually be able to
correct the stitch by varying the tension on the needle thread.
a. Correcting a Loose Bobbin Thread
If the tension on the bobbin thread is too loose, the
needle thread will lie straight along the upper surface of
the material.
 Tighten the tension
Turn the regulating screw in the tension spring
to the right.
 Test the tension
Thread the bobbin case. Hold the end of the
thread and allow the case to hang freely.
 Check stitch on pieces of scrap material

b. Correcting a Tight Bobbin Thread

If the tension on the bobbin thread
is too tight, the bobbin thread will lie
straight along the under side of the
material.
 Loosen the tension
Turn the regulating screw in
the tension spring (Figure 5)
slightly to the left.
 Thread the bobbin case and Figure 5
test the tension.
 Check stitch on pieces of scrap material.

How to Regulate the Length of the Stitch

The length of the stitch is regulated by the stitch regulator

on the front side of the head.
 Move the stitch regulator downward to
lengthen stitch.
 Move the stitch regulator upward to shorten
stitch.
 Check the length of stitch on pieces of scrap
material.

Note: For normal stitching, set the regulator at 10 to 12

stitches per inch, or at the number 3 for metric scale
machines.

55
How to Regulate the Pressure on the Material

The pressure on the material is

regulated by the adjusting screw on the
top of the machine Figure 6.
 Turn the adjusting screw to the right
to increase the pressure.
 Turn the adjusting screw to the left
to decrease the pressure.
 Check the pressure by stitching on
pieces of scrap material of the same
weight as the work.

Figure 6

Note: A pressure that is too heavy will cause the machine to run
hard and will leave the print of the feed on fine materials.

How to Replace a Needle

Machine needles have a long groove

along one side and a short groove on the
other side (Figure 7). The thread slides in the
long groove as the needle passes through the
material. When a needle is replaced, the long
groove must be on the left side to carry the
thread. If the long groove is not on the left,
the thread will break or sheer off as it passes
through the material.

Figure 7

 Turn the balance wheel towards you until the needle bar
moves up to its highest point.
 Loosen the screw in the lower end of the needle bar.
 Remove the needle.

Note: If the needle is broken, be sure to remove all broken

pieces.
 Push the new needle up into the
needle bar as far as it will go, with
the long groove of the needle toward
the left and the eye of
the needle directly in line with the
arm of the machine.

56
  Tighten the screw in the clamp.(Figure 8)
Figure 8

Caution: Keep the left hand away from the lower end of
the
needle bar when tightening the clamping screw,
as
the screw driver might slip and injure the hand.

 Check stitching on a piece of scrap material.

Note: If skips occur in the stitches, the needle has not

been
pushed up far enough into the needle bar.

LET’S REMEMBER

A perfect stitch is a result of properly tested

machine output and re-adjusted sewing machine.

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

I. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the key points to consider in testing sewing

machine output?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_____________________

2. Does the type of fabric affect the sewing machine output?

Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_____________________

3. How are you going to test sewing machine output?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

57
 ____________________________________________________________
_____________________

II. Write check (√) if the statement is a good characteristic of

stitches and cross (х) if it is not. Write your answer in your
quiz
notebook.

______1. The stitches have no tangles.

______2. The stitching follows the intended line smoothly and
accurately.
______3. The length of stitch is not proportion.
______4. There are skipped or broken gaps in stitching.
______5. The stitches appear on both right and wrong sides of
the fabric.

III. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. Too little tension produces too much thread and a weak,

loose __________.
2. When the needle tension is too loose, the thread will lie
along the under side of the __________.
3. The tension on the bobbin thread is controlled by adjusting
the tension spring on the __________ of the bobbin case.
4. The length of the stitch is regulated by the __________ screw
in the slot on the front side of the head.
5. The pressure on the material is regulated by the adjusting
screw on the __________ of the machine.

LET’S APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED!

Tasks

Individual

1. Prepare swatches of silk, denim and cotton. Stitch on the

swatches by stitching straight lines at various stitch length. Test
the output and record your observation on the table.

58
 Length of Consistency Tension of
Types of Fabric
Stitches of Stitches Stitches
Silk
Denim
Cotton
2. Below are the samples of stitches. Judge the following stitches by
writing your observations below.

A B C

STITCHES A
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________.

STITCHES B
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________.

STITCHES C
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________.

3. Set the upper tension dial to 3, 5, and 8. Make two rows of

stitches on a scrap of fabric for each adjustment. Observe and
record the changes using the table below.

Dial Observation
Number
3

59
 8

4. Set the stitch length to 30-20, 15-12, and 10-8. Make two rows of
stitches on a scrap of fabric for each adjustment. Observe and
record the changes using the table below.

Stitch Observation
Length
30-20

15-12

10-8

RESOURCES

Equipment
Sewing machine

Tools
Scissors
Flat screw

Supplies
Swatches of fabric
Thread

Learning Materials
Learning Module
Writing Pad
Textbook & Manual

REFERENCES

De Cosse, Cy. et al. Singer (Sewing Update). U. S. A., Cy De Cosse Inc.

1988.

Erwin, Mabel D. Clothing for Moderns. Sixth Edition. JMC Press, Inc.,
1979.

60
Garment Making. Basic Operations.

http//www. Ballentynes Fashion Central@[Link]

http//www. [Link]

Pre – Employment Skills Training. TESDA Women’s Center. Taguig,

Metro Manila.

LESSON 4

MAINTAINING RECORDS OF SEWING MACHINE

IN GOOD CONDITION

WHAT IS THIS LESSON ABOUT?

61
 The lesson deals with the importance of recording, record and
report on sewing machines set.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. discuss the importance of recording

2. prepare records and reports on the sewing machine set

LET’S STUDY

Let’s Define

Fault – something is wrong with the machine, system, design

etc, which prevents it from working properly.
Stitch length - refers to how long each individual stitch is.
Tension – refers to the force that is applied by the machine
on your thread.
Trend – a general tendency in the way a situation is changing
or developing.
Vital – extremely important and necessary for something to
succeed or exist.

Quality is of prime importance in any aspect of business. Customers

demand and expect value for money. As producers of apparel there
must be a constant endeavor to produce work of good quality. This
quality is usually checked by the systems of recording whether in
machines, material and operators. As a future producer of clothes you
should know the importance of recording.

The following are importance of recording:

1. It provides solutions to a problem.

2. It gives information for tracing the trend to the source.
3. It gives information on consistently unsatisfactory machines.
4. It provides vital information for without it, it’s impossible to know
the situation at any given time and so make sound decisions.

62
 Record Matrix Form

A record matrix form is a form completed after setting the

machine. It may involve adjustments on the stitch length, tension and
attachments included in the accomplishment of the project/activity to
be done.

Contents of the Record Matrix

1. Date – the date when the sewing machine is set.

2. Project Title – correct name / agreed name of the project.
3. Machine Number – the assigned number of the sewing machine.
4. Adjustments and Attachments – this includes the tension, stitch
length, thread use and number of the needle.
5. Remarks – the conditions of the sewing machine after setting.
6. Student – name of student who used and set the sewing
machine.

Example of Record Matrix

Record Matrix for Set up Machines

Machine No. 1
ADJUSTMENTS AND
ATTACHMENTS
Dat Project
Upper No. of Remarks Students
e Title Stitch Thread
Tensio Needl
Setting Use
n e
July
Straight Polyeste Joanne
14, 5 10-8 14 Good
Stitching r Thread Zartiga
2008

Problems / faults encountered during machine operation are

recorded on a separate form called Fault Analysis Card. Let us discuss
what Fault Analysis Card is.

Fault Analysis Card

It is a description of all faults in a project / activity, which you are

expected to recognize and take action upon whether to report, correct
or return.
Two Categories of Fault

1. General Fault – those resulting from machine or operative

defects, such as:
a. Incorrect threading
b. Slipped stitches

63
 c. Bad tension
d. Seam breaking away

2. Job Fault – those which occur specifically in the operation being

studied, for example:
a. step joins
b. pleats
c. wrong measurements
d. wrong patterns

Fault Analysis Card should have the following:

1. Fault – correct name/agreed name.

2. Appearance – clear description or an example attached.
3. Cause – The entire main cause. For example: incorrect machine
setting.
4. Effect – result of the fault.
5. Action – what action is to be carried out on the discovery of the
fault. For example: replace. re-sew, reject, ripped and report to
teacher.
6. Prevention – any action which can or should be taken to avoid a
recurrence of the fault and it should be recorded. For example:
check tensions and stitches on every operation.

An example is presented below.

FAULT ANALYSIS CARD

Name: Mina de Leon Date: July14, 2008

Machine No.: 1

Appearanc Preventio
Fault Cause Effect Action
e n
Uneven Size of the Weak part Change Check the
Stitches needle did in stitches the size of size of the
not match which the needle needle and
the under which the
thickness pressure matches thickness
of a fabric. would the fabric. of the
break fabric.
away.

LET’S REMEMBER

An effective record and report must be

concise and well laid out.

64
 HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

I. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Why is recording important?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________.

3. What are the contents of a record matrix form for a set up

machine?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________.

4. What is Fault Analysis Card?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________.

5. What are the contents of a fault analysis card?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________.

6. How does record matrix and fault analysis help in the operation
of sewing machine?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________.

LET’S APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED!

Tasks

65
 Individual

1. Interview a sewer. Ask her the importance of recording and

reporting her work. Report the result to the class.
2. Set the upper tension dial to number 8 and make two rows of
straight stitches on a scrap of silk fabric. Prepare a record matrix
for set up machine and fault analysis card using the result of the
fabric.

a. Record Matrix for Set up Machines

Machine No. ____

ADJUSTMENTS AND
Project ATTACHMENTS Remark Student
Date Stitch No. of
Title Upper Thread s s
Settin Needl
Tension Use
g e

b. Fault Analysis Card

Name: Date:
Machine No.:

Appearanc Preventio
Fault Cause Effect Action
e n

RESOURCES

Equipment
Sewing machine

Tools
Scissors/shears

Supplies
Needle
Threads

66
Swatches of fabric

Learning Materials
Writing Materials
Textbook & Manual
Learning Module
Record Matrix (Sample Form)
Fault Analysis Card (Sample Form)

REFERENCES

[Link]

[Link]

POST TEST

67
 Let us determine how much have you learned about setting and
operating sewing machines. Read and understand the questions below.
Select the best answer and write the letter of the correct answer in
your quiz notebook.

______1. When sewing, place one foot ______ on the treadle and the
other
foot slightly back.
a. forward b. downward
c. sideward d. none of these
______2. The part of the sewing machine that controls the looseness
and
tightness of stitches.
a. bobbin b. presser foot
c. thread guide d. upper tension
______3. The part of the sewing machine that checks the length of
stitches is:
a. balance wheel b. belt
c. feed dog d. stitch regulator
______4. The equipment that makes sewing easier and faster is:
a. electric iron b. iron board
c. sewing machine d. working table
______5. The part of the sewing machine that controls the bobbin while
winding thread is:
a. bobbin winder b. needle bar
c. needle clamp d. spool pin
______6. Size of sewing machine needle used for general
sewing is:
a. 10 b. 12
c. 14 d. 16
______7. The machine run by foot and it may also be converted to
electric power machine is:
a. hemmer machine b. high speed over edger
c. lockstitch machine d. over edging machine
______8. This machine has an oiler tank where the oil is restored under
its bed is:
a. embroidery machine b. hemmer machine
c. hi-speed lockstitch machine d. over edging machine
______9. These fabrics appear different in the up-and-down directions
depending on the reflection of light is called:
a. napped b. non-woven
c. synthetic d. wash-and-wear
______10. A machine used in making fancy stitches and in making
different kinds of embroidery stitches on fabrics is:
a. button holer machine b. double needle machine
c. embroidery machine d. lockstitch sewing machine
______11. The flat portion of the machine where the thread is mounted:
a. arm b. bed
c. cabinet d. head

68
______12. The mechanism of the sewing machine that sets it in motion
is:
a. balance wheel b. belt
c. feed dog d. stitch regulator
______13. The first step in threading the upper part of the sewing
machine is to:
a. bring the thread to thread guide
b. pull it through the lower thread guide
c. put the spool of thread on the spool pin
d. thread the needle
______14. The first step in threading the lower part of the sewing
machine is to:
a. be sure that you hear the case being locked upon inserting
the bobbin case inside the shuttle
b. pull the upper and lower thread together by 4 inches
c. put the bobbin back to the bobbin case and pull the thread
through the little slot at least 4 inches
d. remove the bobbin case pulling on the bobbin case latch.
______15. The best fabric suitable for beginners is:
a. brocade b. cotton
c. satin d. velvet
______16. The correct way to stop the electric sewing machine is:
a. ask for assistance
b. foot off on the motor controller
c. push the sewing machine
______17. The pressure must be regulated according to the _______ to
be
stitched.
a. fabric b. material
c. paper d. plastic
______18. A good characteristic of machine stitches is:
a. There are skipped or broken gaps in stitching
b. The length of stitch is proportioned to the texture of the
fabric
c. The stitching has tangles
d. None of the above
______19. The upper tension controls the thread from the:
a. bobbin b. needle
c. thread guide d. spool pin
______20. The lower tension controls the thread from the:
a. bobbin b. bobbin case
c. feed dog d. shuttle

69
 Key to Correction

Post
Pretest Lesson 1 Lesson 3
Test
1. C I. II. III. II. 1. A
2. C 1. F 1. Spool pin A. 1. √ 2. D
3. C 2. C 2. Presser foot 4 2. √ 3. D
4. C 3. A 3. Thread guide 5 3. х 4. C
5. A 4. B 4. Upper tension 6 4. х 5. A
6. B 5. E 5. Stitch regulator 1 5. √ 6. C
7. A 6. Thread take-up 3 7. C
8. D lever 2 III. 8. C
9. D 7. Needle clamp 1. stitch 9. A
10. A 8. Presser bar lifter B. 2. material 10. C
11. A 9. Feed dog 6 3. outside 11. B
12. C 10. Balance wheel 5 4. stitch 12. A
13. C 11. Bobbin winder 1 regulator 13. C
14. B 12. Belt 2 5. top 14. C
15. A 13. Drive wheel 3 15. B
16. C 14. Treadle 4 16. C
17. B 15. Bed 17. A
18. D 16. Throat plate C. 18. B
19. A 17. Dress guard 1 19. D
20. A 6 20. A
2
5
4
3

70