MATHEMATICS II FOR DATA SCIENCE

GA-9 SOLUTIONS MAY 2024

Match the functions of two variables in Column A with their graphs given in Column B(Use the table to
answer questions 1 to 4).

1. Question
The graph of the function with serial number i) in column A has the serial number __ in Column B.

1.1. Answer: 2

1.2. Solution
f(x, y) = 2x + 3y is a linear function of two variables. Hence, it represents a plane.

2. Question
The graph of the function with serial number ii) in column A has the serial number __ in Column B.

2.1. Answer : 1

2.2. Solution
Given ⟹ f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 . For all x and y, f(x, y) > 0 as x 2 and y 2 will be greater than zero. When
x = 0, y = 0, f(x, y) will be zero. Hence, graph (1) is the correct representation for f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 .

3. Question
The graph of the function with serial number iii) in column A has the serial number __ in Column B.

3.1. Answer : 4

3.2. Solution

sin x2 + y2 sin(𝜃)
Given f(x, y) = . We know that lim = 1. Therefore,
x2 + y2
𝜃→0 𝜃

sin x2 + y2
lim = 1. We also know that the sine function oscillates. Hence, graph (4) is a correct
(x,y) → 0
x2 + y2
representation for the given function.

4. Question
The graph of the function with serial number iv) in column A has the serial number __ in Column B.

4.1. Answer : 3

4.2. Solution
2
-y 2
Given f(x, y) = xe -x .
2 2
f(x, y) = xe -x -y
x
= 2 2
e x +y
x
When x = 0, y = 0, 2 will be 0.
+y 2
ex
2
+y 2
In the following situations, e x → ∞.
• (x, y) → (∞, ∞)
• (x, y) → (-∞, ∞)
• (x, y) → (∞, -∞)
• (x, y) → (-∞, -∞)
• (x, y) → (∞, 0)
• (x, y) → (-∞, 0)
• (x, y) → (0, ∞)
• (x, y) → (0, -∞)
Since the denominator grows exponentially, f(x, y) → 0.

Let us look at the value of f(x, y) for a few inputs.

f(0, 1) = 0
f(0, -1) = 0
f(1, 0) 1
= = 0.367
e
f(-1, 0) -1
= = - 0.367
e
f(1, 1) 1
= = 0.135
e2
f(-1, -1) -1
= = - 0.135
e2
f(-1, 1) -1
= 2 = - 0.135
e
f(1, -1) 1
= 2 = 0.135
e

When x = 0, the value of the function is 0. However, in a few cases (the above cases), f(x, y) neither zero
nor is it approaching zero. The value that the function takes is slightly more than 0 or slightly less than zero.

x
This is the reason to why graph (3) seems to match the behavior of f(x, y) = 2
.
+y 2
ex
5. Question

5.1. Answers :
• f(x, y) → 1 if x → 0 and y → b, for some positive real number b.
• f(x, y) → if (x, y) → (0, 0) along the positive X - axis.
• lim f(x, y) does not exist.
(x,y) → (0,0)

5.2. Solution
Option 1 is correct.

x+y 0+b
lim =
(x,y) → (0,b)
x2 + y2 02 + b2
b
=
b2
b
=
|b|
b
Given b > 0, therefore, = 1.
|b|

Option 2 option 5 are incorrect. Option 6 is correct.

Let us approach f(x, y) along the line y = mx.

x + mx x( 1 + m ) 1+m
f(x, y) = = =
y=mx x2 + m2x2 x 1 + m2 1 + m2
 lim f(x, y) 1+m
= lim
(x,y) → (0,0) y=mx (x,mx) → (0,0)
1 + m2
1+m
=
1 + m2
Notice, the limit varies for different values of m. Therefore, lim f(x, y) does not exist.
(x,y) → (0,0)

1+m 3
If m = 2, then = ≠0
1+m 2 5

Option 3 is correct.

The equation for X axis is y = 0.

x+0 x x
f(x, y) = = =
y=0 x2 + 02 x2 |x|

Notice, we are approaching (0, 0) along the positive X axis.

x
lim f(x, y) = lim
(x,y) → 0 + ,0 y=0 (x,y) → 0 + ,0 |x|
x
=
|x|
x
Since x > 0, = 1.
|x|

Option 4 is incorrect.

The equation for Y axis is x = 0.

0+y y y
f(x, y) = = =
x=0 02 + y2 y2 |y|

Notice, we are approaching (0, 0) along the positive Y axis.

y
lim f(x, y) = lim
(x,y) → 0,0
+
y=0 (x,y) → 0,0 + |y|
y
=
|y|
y
Since y > 0, = 1.
|y|
6. Question

6.1. Answers :
• f(x, y) = sin(x, y).
• f(x, y) = sin(xy) + cos(y).
• f(x, y) = sin(xy) + 𝜙(y), for some non-constant function 𝜙(y)
6.2. Solution
Few useful formulae:

𝛿
• (sin(x)) = cos(x)
𝛿x

𝛿
• (cos(x)) = - sin(x)
𝛿x

• (f°g)'(x) = f'(g(x)) × g(x)

Option 1 is correct.

𝛿 = cos(xy) × y
(sin(xy))
𝛿x
= y × cos(xy)
Option 2 is incorrect.

𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
(xy cos(xy)) = (xy) × cos(xy) + (cos(xy)) × xy
𝛿x 𝛿x 𝛿x
2
= ycos(xy) - xy sin(xy)

Option 3 is incorrect.
 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
(sin(xy) + xy) = (sin(xy)) + (xy)
𝛿x 𝛿x 𝛿x
= (cos(xy) × y) + y
= y × cos(xy) + y

Option 4 is correct.

𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
(sin(xy) + cos(y)) = (sin(xy)) + (cos(y))
𝛿x 𝛿x 𝛿x
= (cos(xy) × y) + 0
= y × cos(xy)

Option 5 is incorrect.
𝛿
If 𝜙(x) is a non - constant function of x, the (𝜙(x)) ≠ 0, therefore,
𝛿x
𝛿
(sin(xy) + 𝜙(x)) ≠ ycos(xy)
𝛿x
Option 6 is correct.
𝛿
If 𝜙(y) is a non - constant function of y, the (𝜙(y)) = 0, therefore,
𝛿x
𝛿
(sin(xy) + 𝜙(y)) = ycos(xy)
𝛿x

7. Question

7.1. Answers :
• f x (0, 0) does not exist.
• f y (0, 0) does not exist.
 1
• f x (1, 1) = .
2
7.2. Solution
Few useful formulae:

𝛿 1
• x =
𝛿x 2 x

• (f°g)'(x) = f'(g(x)) × g(x)

Given f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2 . Let us try to find fx and fy .

fx (x, y) 𝛿
= x2 + y2
𝛿x
2x
=
2 x2 + y2
x
=
x2 + y2

fy (x, y) 𝛿
= x2 + y2
𝛿y
2y
=
2 x2 + y2
y
=
x2 + y2
Notice, f x (0, 0) and f y (0, 0) does not exist. Hence, option 1 is incorrect. Option 2 and option 3 are
correct.

fx (1, 1) 1
=
12 + 12
1
=
2
Hence, option 4 is correct.

8. Question
8.1. Answer : 1

8.2. Solution
Let us find the limit of f(x, y) at (0, 0) along y = x.
x3 x3 1
f(x, y) = = =
y=x 3x 2 (x) 3x 3 3

lim f(x, y) 1
= lim
(x,y) → (0,0) y=x (x,y) → (0,0) 3
1
=
3
Let us find the limit of f(x, y) at (0, 0) along y = 2x.
x3 x3 1
f(x, y) = = =
y=2x 3x 2 (2x) 6x 3 6

f(x, y) 1
lim = lim
(x,y) → (0,0) y=x (x,y) → (0,0) 6
1
=
6

We can see that lim f(x, y) ≠ lim f(x, y) . Thus, we can say that
(x,y) → (0,0) y=x (x,y) → (0,0) y=2x

lim f(x, y) does not exist. f(x, y) is not continuous at (0, 0) (the origin). Hence, statement 1 is
(x,y) → 0

incorrect

Let us find lim g(x, y).

(x,y) → (0,0)
 lim g(x, y) = lim x 4 + x 3 y + xy 3 , y 4
(x,y) → (0,0) (x,y) → (0,0)
=0

We can also see that g(0, 0) = 0.

lim g(x, y) exists and it is equal to g(0, 0). Therefore, g(x, y) is continuous at (0, 0). Hence,
(x,y) → (0,0)
statement 2 is correct.

9. Question
xy
Find the value (up to two decimal places) to which the function f(x, y) = approaches, if (x, y)
2x 2 + y 2
approaches (0, 0) along the straight line y = 2x.

9.1. Answer : 0.333

9.2. Solution
Let us find f(x, y) along the line y = 2x.
x(2x) 2x 2 2x 2 1
f(x, y) = = = =
y=2x 2x 2 + (2x) 2 2x 2 + 4x 2 6x 2 3

f(x, y) 1
lim = lim
(x,y) → (0,0) y=2x (x,y) → (0,0) 3
1
=
3
= 0.333

10. Question

10.1. Answers : -21

10.2. Solution

Given f 1 (x, y) = xy + y 2 and f 2 (x, y) = x + xy + 1.

𝛿f 1 𝛿f 1 𝛿f 2 𝛿f 2
Let us find , , , .
𝛿x 𝛿y 𝛿x 𝛿y
𝛿f 1 𝛿
= xy + y 2
𝛿x 𝛿x
=y

𝛿f 1 𝛿
= xy + y 2
𝛿y 𝛿y
= x + 2y

𝛿f 2 𝛿
= (x + xy + 1)
𝛿x 𝛿x
= 1+y

𝛿f 2 𝛿
= (x + xy + 1)
𝛿y 𝛿y
=x

𝛿f 1 𝛿f 1
(-3, 3) (-3, 3)
𝛿x 𝛿y 3 3
A= =
𝛿f 2 𝛿f 1 4 -3
(-3, 3) (-3, 3)
𝛿x 𝛿y

det(A) = (3 × (-3)) - (3 × 4)
= -9 - 12
= -21

11. Question
Find out the directional derivative of the function f(x, y) = x 2 y 3 at (5, 4), in the direction of the vector (0, 5).

11.1. Answer : 1200

11.2. Solution
The directional derivative of f(x, y) at (5, 4) in the direction of the vector (0, 5) is given by:
 f((5, 4) + hu) - f(5, 4)
lim
h→0 h

(0, 5) (0, 5) (0, 5) (0, 5)

Here, u = = = = = (0, 1)
||(0, 5)|| 0 +52 2 25 5

f((5, 4) + hu) - f(5, 4) f((5, 4) + h(0, 5)) - f(5, 4)

lim = lim
h→0 h h→0 h

f(5, 4 + h) - f(5, 4)
= lim
h→0 h

5 2 × ( 4 + h) 3 - 5 2 × 4 3
= lim
h→0 h

25 × 64 + 48h + 12h 2 + h 3 - (25 × 64)

= lim
h→0 h

1600 + 1200h + 300h 2 + h 3 - 1600

= lim
h→0 h

1200h + 300h 2 + h 3
= lim
h→0 h

= lim 1200 + 300h + h 2

h→0

= 1200

12. Question

12.1. Answer : 0

12.2. Solution
 lim f(x, y) = lim ((2x + 3)sin(y))
(x,y) → (0,0) (x,y) → (0,0)
= (2(0) + 3) × sin(0)
= 3( 0)
=0

Comprehension (13, 14, 15)

The price of a product (f(x, y)) depends on the price (x) of the raw materials and the price (y) of
transportation of the product to the market according to
f : R2 → R
f(x, y) = x 2 + xy + y 2

Answer Questions 13,14 and 15 using the information above.

13. Question
Which of the following statements is true if the rate of change of the price of the product with respect to the
price of the raw materials is the same as the rate of change of price of the product with respect to the price
of transportation of the product to the market?

Statement 1: The price of the raw materials is twice the price of the transportation of the product to the
market.
Statement 2: The price of the raw materials is half the price of the transportation of the product to the
market.
Statement 3: The price of the raw materials is the same as the price of the transportation of the product to
the market.
Statement 4: The price of the raw materials is 3 times the price of the transportation of the product to the
market.
(If Statement 2 is correct, then enter 2 as your answer.)

13.1. Answer : 3

13.2. Solution
Given, the rate of change of the price of the product with respect to the price of the raw materials is the
same as the rate of change of price of the product with respect to the price of transportation of the product
to the market.

We can write this as follows:

𝛿f 𝛿f
=
𝛿x 𝛿y
 𝛿f 𝛿f
Let us find and :
𝛿x 𝛿y
𝛿f 𝛿
= x 2 + xy + y 2
𝛿x 𝛿x
= 2x + y

𝛿f 𝛿
= x 2 + xy + y 2
𝛿y 𝛿y
= x + 2y

𝛿f 𝛿f
Since = , the following is true:
𝛿x 𝛿y
2x + y = x + 2y
x=y
From this we can say that the price of the raw materials is the same as the price of the transportation of the
product to the market. Hence, statement 3 is correct. The other statements are incorrect.

14. Question
Which of the following statements are true?

14.1. Answer :
• f(cx, cy) = c 2 f(x, y) for any real number c.
• f(x, y) is continuous at (0, 0).
• If the price of transportation and raw material of the product approaches 0 and 5 respectively, then
the price of the product approaches 25

14.2. Solution
We can see that the degree of x 2 + xy + y 2 is 2. Therefore f(x, y) is not a linear function. Hence, option 1
is incorrect.
For c ∈ R,

f(cx, cy) = (cx) 2 + (cx)(cy) + (cy) 2

= c 2 x 2 + c 2 xy + c 2 y 2
= c 2 x 2 + xy + y 2
= c 2 f(x, y)

Hence, option 2 is correct.

Let us find lim f(x, y),

(x,y) → (0,0)

lim f(x, y) = lim x 2 + xy + y 2

(x,y) → (0,0) (x,y) → (0,0)
=0
We can see that f(0, 0) = 0. We can also see that lim f(x, y) exists and it is equal to
(x,y) → (0,0)

f(0, 0). Therefore, f(x, y) is continuous at (0, 0). Hence, option 3 is correct.

We have to find the value that the price of the product approaches as the price of transportation and raw
material of the product approaches 0 and 5 respectively. We can find this by finding the following:

lim f(x, y) = lim x 2 + xy + y 2

(x,y) → (0,5) (x,y) → (0,5)
= 02 + ( × 5) + 5 2
0
= 25

Hence, option 4 is correct and option 3 is incorrect.

15. Question
1
If the rate of change of the price of the product along the direction of the vector (1, m) is [ka + lb]
2
+
1 m
when the price of raw material is a and the price of transportation of the product to the market is b, then find
the value of 2k - l.

15.1. Answer : 3

15.2. Solution
(1, m) (1, m)
Let u = = .
||(1, m)|| 1+m 2

Given,
 1
fu (a, b) = [ka + lb]
2
1+m
To find → 2k - l.

Let us find the gradient of f.

∇f(x, y) 𝛿f 𝛿f
= ,
𝛿x 𝛿y
𝛿 2 𝛿f 2
= x + xy + y 2 , x + xy + y 2
𝛿x 𝛿y
= (2x + y, x + 2y)

We know that f u (a, b) = ∇f(a, b) · u, where · refers to the dot product

∇f(a, b) · u (1, m)
= (2a + b, a + 2b) ·
1 + m2

1
= (2a + b + am + 2bm)
1 + m2

1
= (a(2 + m) + b(1 + 2m)
2
1+m
1
We know that f u (a, b) = [ka + lb]. From this we can see that k = 2 + m and l = 1 + 2m.
2
1+m
2k - l = 2(2 + m) - (1 + 2m)
= 4 + 2m - 1 - 2m
=3