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Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

This document is a comprehensive formula sheet for Class 12 Physics, covering key topics such as Electric Charges, Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current, Optics, Dual Nature of Radiation, Atoms, Nuclei, and Semiconductors. Each section includes essential formulas and principles relevant to the respective topics. It serves as a quick reference guide for students studying these concepts.

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10 views3 pages

Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

This document is a comprehensive formula sheet for Class 12 Physics, covering key topics such as Electric Charges, Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current, Optics, Dual Nature of Radiation, Atoms, Nuclei, and Semiconductors. Each section includes essential formulas and principles relevant to the respective topics. It serves as a quick reference guide for students studying these concepts.

Uploaded by

irfantysi
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CLASS 12 PHYSICS – COMPLETE FORMULA SHEET (NCERT)

1. ELECTRIC CHARGES & FIELDS


F = k q1 q2 / r^2
E = k q / r^2
p = q (2a)
E_axial = (1/4πε0)(2p / r^3)
E_equatorial = (1/4πε0)(p / r^3)
Flux φ = E·A = EA cosθ
Gauss Law: φ = q / ε0

2. ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL & CAPACITANCE


V = (1/4πε0)(q/r)
U = (1/4πε0)(q1 q2 / r)
V = Ed (uniform field)
C = ε0 A / d
C_series: 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ...
C_parallel: C = C1 + C2 + ...
U = ½ CV² = ½ QV = Q² / (2C)
C_spherical = 4πε0 R
C_cylindrical = 2πε0 L / ln(b/a)

3. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
V = IR
R = ρL/A
P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Series: R = R1+R2+…
Parallel: 1/R = 1/R1+…
J = σE
I = neAv
EMF = Work/Charge

4. MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM


F = qvB sinθ
F = BIL sinθ
Torque τ = NIAB sinθ
B_wire = µ0 I / (2πr)
B_solenoid = µ0 n I
Ampere’s Law: ■B·dl = µ0I
r = mv/(qB) (circular motion)
5. MAGNETISM & MATTER
M = m/V
B = µ0(H + M)
χ = M/H
µ = µ0(1 + χ)
χ_dia < 0, χ_para > 0, χ_ferro >> 0

6. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
ε = − dφ/dt
φ = BA cosθ
ε = BLv (motional)
Lenz’s Law sign
Self induction: ε = −L (dI/dt)
Mutual induction: ε = −M (dI/dt)
Energy in inductor = ½ L I²

7. ALTERNATING CURRENT
I_rms = I0/√2
V_rms = V0/√2
Z = √(R² + (XL − XC)²)
XL = ωL
XC = 1/(ωC)
tanϕ = (XL − XC)/R
Power P = VI cosϕ

8. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
c = 1/√(µ0 ε0)
Speed: c = λν
E = cB

9. RAY OPTICS
Mirror: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
m = h2/h1 = −v/u
Lens: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
Power: P = 1/f (in meters)
µ1 sin i = µ2 sin r
Lateral shift = t sin(i − r) / cos r

10. WAVE OPTICS


β = λD/d
y_n = nβ
Condition for interference:
Constructive: ∆x = nλ
Destructive: ∆x = (2n+1)λ/2
Diffraction minima: a sinθ = nλ

11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION


E = hν
p = h/λ
KE_max = hν − ϕ
Stopping potential: eVs = KE_max
De Broglie λ = h/p = h/(mv)

12. ATOMS
r_n = n² a0
E_n = −13.6 / n² eV
ν = (3.29×10^15)(1/n1² − 1/n2²)

13. NUCLEI
E_binding = ∆m c²
Activity A = λN
Decay law: N = N0 e^(−λt)
Half-life: T½ = ln2/λ
Mean life: τ = 1/λ

14. SEMICONDUCTORS
I = I0 e^(V/ηVT)
σ = neµe + peµh
V_diode ≈ 0.7 V (Si), 0.3 V (Ge)
Gain transistor β = Ic/Ib
Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT – standard operations.

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