CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter are the research design, locale, sampling, respondents, instrument

and its validity, data gathering procedure, and statistical tools used.

Research Design

Being a Quantitative Research, this study will be using the descriptive method

design and will be instrumented by the descriptive survey method. In a descriptive survey

method, as defined by Siedlecki (2020), the researchers will study the variables as they

appear in the natural context and no manipulation will be done. Besides, Creswell (2012,

p. 376) stated that survey research designs are procedures in quantitative research in

which investigators administer a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people

to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population.

Therefore, the researchers applying this research design will be providing evaluation type

questionnaire or checklist technique to figure out the perceptions of the student in their

psycho-social environment, determine the problems relative to the psycho-social

environment that are being experienced by the students, and what is the perceived impact

of the psycho-social environment to the academic performance of the students.

Research Locale

The locale of the study will be the College of Education of the Mindanao State

University-Sulu where the researchers are enrolled under the program of BSED

Mathematics. Mindanao State University-Sulu is a public coeducational institution of

higher education and research located 1.9 km far from downtown Jolo, the capital
municipality of Sulu, Philippines. The College of Education of the said institution

currently offers four (4) bachelor programs which are Bachelor of Elementary Education

Major in General Education, Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English,

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Mathematics and Bachelor of Secondary

Education Major in Science.

Sampling and Respondents

The respondents of the study will be the Bachelor of Secondary Education

students of the academic year 2025-2026 first semester with a population of ---. Due to

dense population, the researchers will use Cochran’s formula to determine a sample size –

the confidence level is 95% while the margin of error is 5%, resulting in --- sample size.

Stratified Random Sampling will be the sampling method of this research. As

defined by Simkus (2023), Stratified random sampling is a method of selecting a

sample in which researchers first divide population into smaller subgroups, or strata,

based on shared characteristics of the members and then randomly select among each

stratum to form the final sample. The researchers will divide the total population by year

level, to cater the research problem inquiring about difference in the impact of psycho –

social environment to the academic performance of the students when grouped according

to year level. The researchers will gather the data from participants available during the

data gathering procedure.

Research Instrument

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 A survey will be conducted to gather needed data. According to Forumplus blog

(2020), Survey Method is a process, tool, or technique that you can use to gather

information in research by asking questions to a predefined group of people. The

researchers will utilize a Self-Devised Questionnaire in a form of survey as the research

instrument in determining the objectives of the study.

The questionnaire is comprised of four parts. Part I collects the demographic data

of the respondents such as name, year level, GPA, and year level. While Part II is about

the perception of the students regarding their psycho-social environment. Part III is about

the problems related to the psycho-social environment experienced by the students. And

Part IV is about the impacts of their psycho-social environment on their academic

performance. Each part will be composed of items related to peer relationships, student –

teacher relationships, school climate, and school well-being.

Validity of the Instrument

The questionnaire will be validated by the thesis adviser and board of panels since

it is a self-devised questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the validation of instruments, the researchers will secure a written

permission from the adviser to ask permission from the dean of Mindanao State

University-Sulu College of Education to allow the researchers to collect the needed data

and conduct surveys. The researchers will also prepare letters dedicated to the instructors

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to gain a formal permission to conduct surveys during their classes. The researchers are

expecting that not less than 85% of the questionnaire will be retrieved.

Statistical Technique

To determine the perceptions of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd)

students at Mindanao State University – Sulu regarding the psycho-social environment,

the researchers will utilize the Weighted Mean. Similarly, the Weighted Mean will be

applied to analyze the problems related to the psycho-social environment that will be

experienced by the students.

To examine the impact of the psycho-social environment on academic

performance, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will be employed. Moreover, the

Weighted Mean will again be used to determine which aspect of the psycho-social

environment will have the most significant impact on the academic performance of the

students.

Lastly, ANOVA will also be applied to assess whether there will be significant

differences in the impact of the psycho-social environment on academic performance

when the students are grouped according to their year level. These statistical treatments

will ensure the study’s analytical rigor and the reliability of its findings.

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