D”P gva¨wgK ● Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

mßg Aa¨vq : gvb e¨e¯’vcbv

1. †fvjv †Rjvi jvj‡gvnb GjvKvq RvMiY mgevq N. gvbm¤§Z `Öe¨ Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g RvMiY mgevq
mwgwZ GKwU `z» Lvgvi M‡q †Zv‡j| G Lvgv‡i Mvwfi mwgwZi `y× LvgviwU mdjZv AR©b K‡i‡Q e‡j Avwg
cvkvcvwk gwnl cvjb Kiv nq| Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z g‡b Kwi|
`z‡ai gvb A¶zbœ †i‡L c¨v‡KURvZ Zij `za Ges gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Drcv`b I mieivn Qvov e¨emv‡qi
gwn‡li `z‡ai `wa `w¶Yv‡ji †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z mieivn mdjZv wPšÍv KivB †evKvwg| mdj e¨emvq
Kiv nq| `za I `wa gvbm¤§Z nIqvq Gi Pvwn`v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Drcv`b I mieiv‡ni
µgkB e…w× cv‡”Q| G cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv †`‡L bZzb cÖwZ we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q Zv‡`i e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg
bZzb Lvgvi M‡o †Zvjvq ¯’vbxqiv DrmvwnZ n‡”Q| cwiPvjbv K‡i|
K. `Öe¨ Kx? RvMiY mgevq mwgwZi D‡`¨v‡M GKwU `z» Lvgvi M‡o
L. Kv÷gvB‡Rkb (Customization) Kx? †Zvjv nq| Lvgv‡i Mvwfi cvkvcvwk gwnlI cvjb Kiv
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| nq| cÖwZôvbwU Drcvw`Z `z‡ai gvb A¶zbœ †i‡L
M. DÏxc‡Ki e¨emvqwU †Kvb Lv‡Zi AšÍf©z³? c¨v‡KURvZ Zij `za Ges gwn‡li `wa `w¶Yv‡ji
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| †Rjv¸‡jv‡Z mieivn K‡i| gvb fv‡jv nIqvq Zv‡`i
N. 'gvbm¤§Z `Öe¨ Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡gB DÏxc‡Ki `za I `wai Pvwn`v µgk e…w× cv‡”Q|
cÖwZôvbwU mdjZv AR©b K‡i‡Q'- Zzwg wK `za GKwU mylg Lv`¨| Avgv‡`i †`‡k `z‡ai cÖPzi
GKgZ? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hzw³ Zz‡j ai| Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| RvMiY mgevq mwgwZ gvb A¶z&Yœ †i‡L
1 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi c¨v‡KURvZ K‡i `za weµq Ki‡Q| gvb fvj nIqvq
K. `Öe¨ n‡jv Hme e¯Íz hv `…k¨gvb, wewbgq‡hvM¨ Ges A_© †µZviv µ‡q AvMÖnx n‡”Q| ZvQvov †`‡k gwn‡li `wa
g~‡j¨ g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq| cvIqv hvq bv ej‡jB P‡j| G cÖwZôvbwUi KvQ †_‡K
L. cÖ‡Z¨K †µZvi i~wP, cQ›`, Avq BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i LvuwU `wa †µZviv wKb‡Z cvi‡Q, hv cÖwZôvbwUi
cY¨ ˆZwi Ges mieivn Kiv‡K †µZv‡Kw›`ÖKZv ev weµq I gybvdv e…wׇZ mnvqZv Ki‡Q| ZvB Avwg
e‡j| g‡b Kwi gvbm¤§Z `za I `wa Drcv`bB `z» LvgviwUi
eZ©gvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j mdjZvi g~j KviY|
†µZv‡`i Pvwn`v‡K m‡e©v”P AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z nq| wKš‘
cÖ‡Z¨K †µZvi Pvwn`v I cÖ‡hvR‡b wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| 2. wgm kÖveYx GKwU KviLvbvi ˆZwi †cvkvK wWRvBbvi|
†µZv‡`i Pvwn`v I cÖ‡hvR‡bi wfbœZv‡K we‡ePbv †cvkv‡Ki wWRvBb DbœZ I AvKl©Yxq Kivi Rb¨ wZwb
K‡i cY¨ Drcv`b I wecYb Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbv KivB me©`v e¨¯Í _v‡Kb| ˆZwi‡Z ÎywU †`Lv w`‡j Zv cybivq
n‡jv †µZv‡Kw›`ÖKZv (Customization)| cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g DbœZgv‡bi †cvkv‡K
M. RvMiY mgevq mwgwZi e¨emvqwU K…wl Lv‡Zi i~cvšÍi K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi †ek wKQz A_© e¨q nq| Z‡e
AšÍf©y³| wZwb g‡b K‡ib gvbm¤§Z †cvkvK mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`k K…wl cªavb †`k| we‡k¦ Drcv`wZ me cY¨ I †µZvmš‘wó AR©‡b m¶g n‡j cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
†mevi g‡a¨ K…wlcY¨B me‡P‡q †ewk| Wvj, fyÆv, evRv‡i wU‡K _vKv hv‡e|
†Zj, Pv, AvL, cvU BZ¨vw` K…wl Lv‡Zi AšÍf©y³| K. gvb Kx?
grm¨ Pvl, cïcvjb, Lvgvi BZ¨vw` K…wl Lv‡ZiB L. cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
DcLvZ| M. cY¨ i~cvšÍiRwbZ e¨q †Kvb ai‡bi e¨q? e¨vL¨v
†fvjv †Rjvi jvj‡gvnb GjvKvq RvMiY mgevq K‡iv|
mwgwZ GKwU `z» Lvgvi M‡o Zy‡j‡Q| GLv‡b Mvwfi N. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ wgm
cvkvcvwk gwnlI cvjb Kiv nq| Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z kÖveYxi hzw³i mv‡_ Zzwg wK GKgZ? hzw³ `vI|
`ya c¨v‡KURvZ K‡i weµq Kiv nq| Gi cvkvcvwk 2 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
gwn‡li `y‡ai `waI Drcv`b I weµq Kiv nq| Lvgvi K. gvb n‡jv †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i wbw`©ó ¸YMZ ˆewkó¨, hv
ev cïcvjb n‡jv K…wl Lv‡Zi AšÍf©y³ GKwU DcLvZ| †µZv‡`i H c‡Y¨i cÖwZ AvK…ó K‡i|
ZvB Lvgvi K…wlLvZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
L. cY¨ wb¤œgv‡bi nIqvi c~‡e© ev wb¤œ gvb cÖwZ‡iva Kivi †µZvq cwiYZ nq| d‡j wgm kÖveYxi ˆZwiK…Z
Rb¨ †h e¨q msNwUZ nq Zv‡K cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨q †cvkv‡Ki evRvi Ges weµq e…w×i m¤¢vebv ˆZwi nq|
e‡j| ZvB, cÖwZ‡hvwMZq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ wgm kÖveYxi
cÖwZôv‡b Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i gvb wba©vwiZ gv‡bi †P‡q hzw³i mv‡_ Avwg GKgZ|
Kg n‡j cY¨ wb¤œgv‡bi nq| G ai‡bi wwb¤œgvb †_‡K
DËi‡Yi Rb¨ KZ¸‡jv cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨q Ki‡Z nq| 3. abvX¨ cwiev‡ii mšÍvb `zjvj weweG cvm Kivi ci
†hgb: cÖwk¶Y e¨q, ÎzwU wPwýZKiY e¨q, cY¨ †_‡K wkícwZ nIqvi ¯^cœ †`‡L| GgweG mgvß K‡iB
cybtwWRvBb e¨q, KvuPvgvj msMÖn e¨q cÖf…wZ n‡jv wZwb my ˆZwii GKwU KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡i AvKl©Yxq
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨q| †eZ‡b wewfbœ cÖwZôvb †_‡K 250 Rb `¶ kÖwgK
M. cY¨ i~cvšÍiRwbZ e¨q n‡jv Af¨šÍixY e¨_©Zvi e¨q| msMÖn K‡ib| Drcv`‡bi gvÎv e…w× Kivi j‡¶¨ wZwb
cY¨ ev †mev Drcv`‡bi mgq †h ÎzwU weP¨zwZ aiv c‡o Av‡iv 225 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM K‡i GK gv‡mi
Zv ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ Af¨šÍixY e¨_©Zvi e¨q msNwUZ Kg©kvjvq cÖwk¶Y †`qvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| cÖwk¶Y †k‡l
nq| cÖwZôv‡b hZUv m¤¢e Af¨šÍixY e¨q Kwg‡q Avbv Zv‡`i‡K Drcv`b wefv‡M Kv‡R wbhz³ K‡ib|
DwPZ| cY¨ Drcv`b ¶wZRwbZ e¨q, cybtKvh© e¨q cÖwk¶K‡`i †eZb I kÖwgK‡`i †eZb fvZvw` Ges
BZ¨vw` Af¨šÍixY e¨_©Zvi e¨q| Ab¨vb¨ LiP eve` cvuP j¶ UvKv e¨q n‡jI G‡Z
wgm kÖveYx GKwU KviLvbvi ˆZwi †cvkv‡Ki cÖwk¶YcÖvß kÖwgKMY `¶Zvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z m¶g
wWRvBbvi| wZwb me©`v †cvkv‡Ki wWRvBb DbœZ I nq| djkÖywZ‡Z wg. `zjv‡ji KviLvbvq Drcvw`Z my
AvKl©Yxq Kivi †Póv K‡ib| cÖwZôv‡b gvbm¤§Z †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vcKfv‡e mgv`…Z nq|
†cvkvK ˆZwi‡Z ÎzwU †`Lv w`‡j wZwb Zv cybivq K. ISO Kx?
cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Yi DbœZgv‡bi †cvkv‡K i~cvšÍi L. gvb e¨e¯’vcbv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c‚Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi wKQz AwZwi³ e¨q nq| G e¨q M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ 5 j¶ UvKv e¨q, †Kvb e¨‡qi
cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i msNwUZ nq| cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i AšÍf©z³? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
cY¨ Drcv`b Kv‡R wKQz e¨_©Zvi Kvi‡Y G e¨q N, 'h_vh_ gvb e¨e¯’vcbvB DÏxc‡Ki my
msNwUZ n‡q‡Q, hv Af¨šÍixY e¨_©Zvi e¨‡qi mv‡_ KviLvbvwUi mdjZvi KviY Ñ Zzwg wK GKgZ?
mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB ejv hvq, cY¨ i~cvšÍi e¨q nj‡v hzw³ `vI|
Af¨šÍixY e¨_©Zvi e¨q| 3 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
N. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~K evRv‡i wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ wgm kÖveYxi K. ISO (International Organization for
hzw³i mv‡_ Avwg GKgZ| Standardization) n‡jv GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK gvb
evsjv‡`‡ki cY¨ Drcv`b I wecYb cwi‡ek †cvkvK wbqš¿YKvix ms¯’v|
wk‡íi Rb¨ LzeB Dc‡hvMx| ZvB, G‡`‡k †cvkvK L. gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Ges †mev ˆZwi, gvb wbqš¿Y Ges cY¨
wk‡í ZxeÖ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv we`¨gvb| cÖwZh‡vwMZv Drcv`b e¨q nÖv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi gzbvdv e…w×
†gvKvwejv Ki‡Z wbLzuZ †cvkvK ˆZwii †Kv‡bv weKí Kivi cÖwµqv‡K gvb e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|
†bB| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK e¨emvq cwi‡e‡k wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨
†cvkvK wWRvBbvi wgm kÖveYx †cvkv‡Ki wWRvBb gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv AZ¨vek¨Kxq| gvb
DbœZ I AvKl©Yxq Kivi Rb¨ me©`v e¨¯Í _v‡Kb| e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cY¨ gvb wbwðZ Kivq †µZv
†cvkvK ˆZwi‡Z ÎzwU †`Lv w`‡j wZwb Zv cybivq evievi H cY¨ µq Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq Ges eZ©gvb
DbœZgv‡b i~cvšÍi K‡ib| G‡Z †ek wKQz A_© e¨q nq| †µZvivI bZzb bZzb †µZv m…wó‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L|
wZwb g‡b K‡ib, DbœZgv‡bi †cvkvK mieiv‡ni A_©vr GB e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi c‡¶ †fv³v
gva¨‡g †µZvmš‘wó AR©‡b m¶g n‡j mš‘wó AR©b Kiv mnR nq| ZvQvov GB cÖwµqv
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wU‡K _vKv m¤¢e n‡e| AbymiY K‡i cÖwZôvb cY¨ ev †mevi Dbœq‡b
wgm kÖveYxi wKQz Af¨šÍixY e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ evowZ e¨q avivevwnKZv eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i| ZvB eZ©gv‡b
n‡jI Drcvw`Z †cvkv‡Ki gvb DbœZ nq| †µZviv †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv gvb e¨e¯’vcbvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q
Drcv`‡Ki KvQ †_‡K me©`v DbœZ gv‡bi cY¨ Avkv _v‡K|
K‡i| wgm kÖveYx †µZv‡`i nZvk K‡ib bv| wZwb M. `zjv‡ji cÖwk¶Y PjvKvjxb †eZb fvZv eve` 5 j¶
wbLzuZ I DbœZ gvbm¤úbœ cY¨ †µZv‡`i wbKU mieivn UvKv e¨q cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨‡qi' AšÍf©z³|
K‡ib| G‡Z †µZviv mš‘ó n‡q Zvi c‡Y¨i ¯’vqx
 cY¨ wb¤œgvb nIqvi c~‡e© ev wb¤œgvb cÖwZ‡iva Kivi L. 'gvb e¨e¯’vcbv D”P Drcv`bkxjZv wbwðZ
Rb¨ †h e¨q msNwUZ nq Zv‡K cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨q K‡i' Ñ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
e‡j| cÖwk¶Y e¨q, cybtwWRvBb e¨q, ÎzwU wPwýZKiY M. c‡Y¨i wb¤œgvb †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi †µZv
e¨q BZ¨vw` cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨‡qi D`vniY| nÖv‡mi KviY Ñe¨vL¨v K‡iv|
`zjvj my ˆZwii GKwU KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb N. e¨q nÖv‡mi Rb¨ wg. weav‡bi gvb wbqš¿‡Yi
cÖ_‡g 250 Rb `¶ kÖwgK msMÖn K‡ib| Drcv`b wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY K‡iv|
gvÎv e…w× Kivi j‡¶¨ wZwb Av‡iv 225 Rb kÖwgK 4 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi
wb‡qvM K‡ib| G kÖwgK‡`i Kg©kvjvq cÖwk¶‡Yi K. gvb n‡jv †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i wbw`©ó ¸YMZ ˆewkó¨, hv
e¨e¯’v K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi 5 j¶ UvKv e¨q nq| †µZv‡`i H c‡Y¨i cÖwZ AvK…ó K‡i|
Gai‡bi e¨‡qi d‡j Kg©x‡`i Kg©`¶Zv †e‡o‡Q| L. gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Ges †mev ˆZwi, gvb wbqš¿Y Ges cY¨
d‡j my ˆZwi‡Z Zv‡`i fzjÎzwU Kg n‡q‡Q| GwU Drcv`b e¨q nÖv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi gzbvdv e…w×
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨‡qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB ejv hvq Kivi cÖwµqv‡K gvb e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|
`zjv‡ji 5 j¶ UvKv e¨q cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨‡qi gvb e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨, Kvh©,
AšÍf©z³| c×wZmn me †¶‡Î wbw`©ó Av`k© (Standard) eRvq
N. h_vh_ gvb e¨e¯’vcbvB `yjv‡ji my KviLvbvwUi ivLv hvq| GQvovI Drcv`bRwbZ ÎywU AbymÜvb Ges
mdjZvi KviY e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ G ai‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv Kiv nq|
gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Ges †mev ˆZwi, gvb wbqš¿Y Ges cY¨ Gfv‡eB gvb e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwZôv‡b D”P Drcv`bkxjZv
Drcv`b e¨q nÖv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi gybvdv e…w× wbwðZ K‡i|
Kivi cÖwµqv‡K gvb e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j | gvb e¨e¯’vcbv M. cY¨ wb¤œgv‡bi n‡j †µZviv cY¨ µ‡q AvK…ó nq bv
gvbm¤§Z c‡Y¨i wbðqZv weavb K‡i| GwU GKwU e‡j cªwZôv‡bi †µZv nªvm cvq|
avivevwnK cÖwµqv| wb¤œgv‡bi cY¨ ej‡Z gvbnxb, Kvh©KvwiZvwenxb
`zjv‡ji mz KviLvbvq cÖ_‡g 250 Rb kÖwgK KvR cY¨‡K †evSvq| †fv³vi Kv‡Q c‡Y¨i gvb GKwU
Ki‡Zv| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb Av‡iv 225 Rb kÖwgK ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq| †µZviv mvaviYZ gvbm¤§Z cY¨ µq
wb‡qvM †`b| Zv‡`i cÖwk¶Y cÖ`v‡bi ci Drcv`b Ki‡Z AvMªnx _v‡K| wKš‘ cY¨ wb¤œgv‡bi n‡j
wefv‡Mi Kv‡R wbhz³ K‡ib| cÖwk¶YcÖvß kÖwgKiv †µZv‡`i wbKU cY¨wUi Pvwn`v K‡g hvq Ges weµq
`¶Zvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z m¶g nq| d‡j `zjv‡ji my nªvm cvq|
†µZv‡`i Kv‡Q e¨cK mgv`…Z nq| wg. weavb GKwU IqvUvi cv¤ú Drcv`bKvix
cÖwk¶Y MÖn‡Yi d‡j `yjv‡ji KviLvbvi kÖwgKiv cªwZôv‡bi gvwjK| ÎywUhy³ cv¤ú Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y
gvbm¤§Z my ˆZwii cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q KvR Ki‡Z GKRb †µZv ¶wZMª¯’ nq| H †µZv wg, weav‡bi
†c‡i‡Q| d‡j kÖwgKiv m¤ú‡`i mwVK e¨envi Ki‡Z weiy‡× gvgjv Kivq Zv‡K gvgjv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ A_©
†c‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i gv‡bi avivevwnKZv LiP Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Zvi cªwZôv‡b †Kv‡bv gvb
eRvq i‡q‡Q| Gme gvbm¤úbœ cY¨ †µZv‡`i mš‘wó wbqš¿b e¨e¯’v †bB| gvb wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v _vK‡j
AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i‡Q, hv gvb e¨e¯’vcbv Qvov †Kv‡bv KvuPvgvj, kªg, hš¿cvwZ I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY Gi mwVK
fv‡eB m¤¢e bq| ZvB ejv hvq,h_vh_ gvb e¨e¯’vcbvB e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv hvq| Ge¨e¯’v Abycw¯’Z _vKvq
`zjv‡ji my KviLvbvwUi mdjZvi g~j KviY| wZwb Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi wbwðZ
Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb Ges G‡Z cªwZôv‡bi AcPq I
4. wg. weavb GKwU IqvUvi cv¤ú Drcv`bKvix Drcv`b LiP †e‡o wM‡q‡Q| †µZviv gvbm¤§Z cY¨
cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| ÎywUhy³ cv¤ú Drcv`‡bi d‡j bv †c‡q cY¨ µ‡qI AvMªnx n‡”Qbv| djk«ywZ‡Z
GKRb †µZv ¶wZMÖ¯Í nIqvq wZwb wg. weav‡bi wb¤œgv‡bi Rb¨ cªwZôvbwUi †µZvi msL¨v nªvm cv‡”Q|
weiæ‡× gvgjv K‡i †`b| d‡j MZ eQi wg. weavb‡K N. e¨q nÖv‡mi Rb¨ wg. weav‡bi gvb wbqš¿‡Yi wm×všÍwU
gvgjvi †cQ‡b †ek A_© e¨q Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi †hŠw³K|
cÖwZôv‡b †KvqvwjwU K‡›UÖvjvi bv _vKvq w`b w`b Zvi gvb wbqš¿Y Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi AvIZvq
e¨q †e‡o hv‡”Q| m¤cÖwZ wg. weavb e¨q nÖv‡mi Rb¨ c~e©wba©vwiZ gv‡bi mv‡_ Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i gv‡bi Zzjbv
gvb wbqš¿‡Yi wmÜvšÍ wb‡q‡Qb| Kiv nq Ges gv‡bi weP¨zwZ NU‡j Zv ms‡kva‡bi
K. gvb Kx? e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq| gvb wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cb¨ Drcv`b
e…w× Ges Drcv`b e¨q I AcPq nÖv‡m mnvqZv K‡i|
 wg, weavb GKwU IqvUvi cv¤ú Drcv`bKvix L. gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Ges †mev ˆZwi, gvb wbqš¿Y Ges cY¨
cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| wb¤œgv‡bi cv¤ú weµq Kivq Drcv`b e¨q nÖv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi gybvdv e…w×
GKRb †µZv Zvi weiæ‡× gvgjv K‡i‡Q| H gvgjv Kivi cÖwµqv‡K gvb e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Zv‡K †ek A_© LiP Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| c‡Y¨i gvb fv‡jv bv n‡j ev ÎzwUhz³ n‡j †µZviv Zv
gvb wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq w`b w`b Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi †diZ †`q| †Kv¤úvwb Iqv‡iw›Ui gva¨‡g G ai‡bi
e¨q I †e‡o hv‡”Q| ZvB wg, weavb e¨q nÖv‡mi Rb¨ cY¨ †givgZ ev cwieZ©‡bi A½xKvi K‡i| gvb
gvb wbqš¿‡Yi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| gvb wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v e¨e¯’vcbvi d‡j c‡Y¨i gvb DbœZ nq Ges cY¨
Zv‡K cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b I evRviRvZKiY e¨q nÖvm ÎzwUgz³ nq e‡j †di‡Zi nvi K‡g hvq|
Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Mvwoi †¶‡Î cÖ`Ë Iqv‡iw›U n‡jv
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gvgjv - †gvKÏgvq Rwo‡q c‡o| Avi G e¨q mvevn Rb¨ †h e¨q nq Zv‡K cÖwk¶Y e¨q e‡j|
†Kv¤úvwb wj.-‡K enb Ki‡Z nq| mzZivs, mvevn L. MÖvn‡Ki mš‘wó AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ avivevwnKfv‡e c‡Y¨i
cÖwZôvbwU †Kv¤úvwb wj. KZ©…K cÖ`Ë Iqv‡iw›U I gvb Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡Póv‡K mvwe©K gvb e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j|
gvgjv msµvšÍ LiP evwn¨K e¨_©ZvRwbZ e¨q| eZ©gv‡b gvb wbqš¿Y I gvb wbwðZKi‡Yi †¶‡Î
N. †µZv‡`i AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi Iqv‡iw›URwbZ mvwe©K gvb e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvM n‡”Q| †µZv mš‘wó I
†mev cÖ`v‡bi welqwU †hŠw³K| Kg©x m¤ú„³Zv e„w× Ges gv‡bi avivevwnK Dbœq‡bi
cY¨ weµ‡qi ci Drcv`bKvix KZ©…K ÎzwUc~Y© cY¨ j‡¶¨ mvwe©K gvb e¨e¯’vcbv MÖnY Kiv nq| d‡j
†givgZ ev cwieZ©b K‡i †`qvi myweavB n‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi KvuPvgvj µq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i P~ovšÍ cY¨|
Iqv‡iw›U| mvaviYZ B‡jKUÖwbKm c‡Y¨i †¶‡Î Drcv`b ch©šÍ me ch©v‡q ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ nq|
Iqv‡iw›U cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Iqv‡iw›U †mev GKwU wbw`©ó M. nvmvb Mªzc †`kxq gvb wbqš¿YKvix ms¯’v weGmwUAvB
mg‡qi Rb¨ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| (BSTI) †_‡K gvb mb` msMÖn K‡i‡Q|
mvevn †Kv¤úvwb wj. Avg`vwbK…Z †Uwjwfkb, wdÖR, weGmwUAvB ev evsjv‡`k ÷¨vÛvW©m GÛ †Uw÷s
I‡fb BZ¨vw`| ¸jkv‡b †kviæ‡gi gva¨‡g weµq Bbw÷wUDkb (Bangladesh Standards &
K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU †µZv‡`i Av¯’v| AR©‡bi Rb¨ 1 Testing Institution) n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ
eQ‡ii Iqv‡iw›U †mevI cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| D³ mg‡qi RvZxq gvb wba©viYKvix cÖwZôvb| Drcvw`Z cY¨ Ges
g‡a¨ c‡Y¨i †Kv‡bv cÖKvi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j †Kv¤úvwb †mev cix¶v - wbix¶v K‡i hw` gvbm¤§Z Ae¯’vq
Zv webvg~‡j¨ †givgZ K‡i †`q| cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j cÖwZôvbwU gvb mb` mieivn K‡i|
†µZviv memgq c‡Y¨i gvb I Kvh©¶gZv wb‡q k¼vq Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i gvbwbwðZKiY, Rb¯^v¯’¨ i¶v,
_v‡K| Zviv cY¨ µ‡qi mgq c‡Y¨i gvb m¤ú‡K© †`kxq mwVK gvb eRvq ivL‡Z weGmwUAvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
wbðqZv Pvq| mvevn †Kv¤úvwb wj, Iqv‡iw›U cÖ`vb f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
Kivq †µZviv Zv‡`i we‡kl `…wó‡Z †`‡L| c‡Y¨i GK nvmvb Mªzc †dvg Drcv`b I wecYbKvix GKwU
eQ‡ii ¯’vqxZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wbðqZv cvq e‡j †µZviv mš‘ó cÖwZôvb| cÖwZôvbwU †`kxq ms¯’v weGmwUAvB †_‡K
nq| G mg‡qi Zv‡`i †givgZ msµvšÍ e¨q wb‡q gvb mb` cÖvß I wbewÜZ| evsjv‡`‡k cY¨ wecY‡bi
fve‡Z nq bv| G‡Z †µZviv mvevn †Kv¤úvwb wj.- Gi †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i †gvo‡K weGmwUAvB Gi †jv‡Mv _vKvUv
cY¨ µ‡qi cÖwZ AvK…ó nq| ZvB ejv hvq, eva¨Zvg~jK| G j‡¶¨B nvmvb Mªzc Zv‡`i †dv‡g
cÖwZôvbwUi Iqv‡iw›URwbZ †mev cÖ`vb †hŠw³K| weGmwUAvB Gi †jv‡Mv jvwM‡q‡Q Ges weGmwUAvB
†_‡K cY¨ evRviRvZKi‡Yi Abz‡gv`b wb‡q‡Q| ZvB
9. Ônvmvb MªycÕ †dvg Drcv`b I evRviRvZKi‡Y †`kxq ejv hvq, cÖwZôvbwU weGmwUAvB †_‡K gvb mb`
GKwU gvb wbqš¿YKvix ms¯’v †_‡K wbeÜbcÎ MÖnY msMÖn K‡i‡Q|
K‡i‡Q| m¤cÖwZ cÖwZôvbwU Px‡b †dvg ißvwbi
N. nvmvb Mªz‡ci ißvwb m¤cÖmvi‡Y AvšÍR©vwZK gvb K. evRv‡i †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix dv‡g©i cY¨, †mev I
wbqš¿YKvix ms¯’v ISO - Gi f~wgKv D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Kvh©cÖwµqv cwigv‡ci avivevwnK c×wZB n‡jv
ISO ev International Organization for †eÂgvwK©s|
Standardization n‡”Q AvšÍR©vwZK gvb L. gvb wba©vi‡Y `vwqZ¡cÖvß AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v ISO GK
wbqš¿YKvix ms¯’v| G ms¯’vwU c‡Y¨i AvšÍR©vwZK gvb †mU gvb`Ð D™¢veb K‡i‡Q, hvi bvg ISO -9000|
wba©viY, msi¶Y I mieivn m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ welq ISO -Gi gvb`‡Ði wfwˇZ cÖwZôvb cY¨ ev †mevi
gxgvsmv K‡i| nvmvb Mªzc †dvg Drcv`b I wecYbKvix AvšÍR©vwZ wbwðZ K‡i Ges gvb mb` cÖ`vb K‡i| G
GKwU cÖwZôvb| weGmwUAvB KZ©…K wbewÜZ mb` wbw`©ó we‡klÁiv GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b
cÖwZôvbwU m¤cÖwZ Px‡b †dvg ißvwbi cwiKíbv MÖnY Kvh©µg cix¶vi ci cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| mb` cÖvwßi
K‡i| wKš‘ Pxb †dv‡gi GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK gvb ms¯’vi ci ISO -9000 wn‡m‡e cwi¶xZ cÖwZôvbwUi bvg
mb` †`L‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ cÖwZôvbwU ISO †_‡K gvb ZvwjKvfz³ nq| †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ISO -9000
mb` msMÖn K‡i Px‡b †dvg ißvwb ïiæ K‡i| G‡Z wn‡m‡e ZvwjKvfz³ n‡j †µZviv H cÖwZôv‡bi c‡Y¨i
cÖwZôvbwUi ißvwb Kvh©µg m¤cÖmvwiZ nq| gvb m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB aviYv †c‡Z cv‡i|
c‡Y¨i †`kxq gvb I AvšÍR©vwZK gvb me mgq GK nq M. 'ivRv RzZv cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq g~j¨vqb e¨q K‡i|
bv| we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwb Ki‡Z n‡j cY¨ AvšÍR©vwZK †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb hw` wb¤œgv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i Z‡e
gv‡bi nIqv Avek¨K| G‡¶‡Î ISO c‡Y¨i c‡Y¨i wb¤œgv‡bi KviY wbY©q I ÎzwU msk‡va‡bi Rb¨
AvšÍR©vwZK gvb wba©viY I G wel‡q mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vb †h e¨q nq Zv‡K g~j¨vqb e¨q e‡j| cix¶Y e¨q,
K‡i| GRb¨B nvmvb Mªzc hLb Px‡b ißvwb Ki‡Z cwimsL¨vwbK gvb wbqš¿Y e¨q BZ¨vw` n‡jv g~j¨vqb
†P‡qwQj, Pxb ISO †_‡K cÖ`Ë gvb mb` †`L‡Z e¨q|
Pvq| GRb¨ cÖwZôvbwU AvBGmI Gi gvb mb` msMÖn ÔivRv RzZvÕ GKwU RyZv Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb|
K‡i Px‡b †dvg ißvwb ïiæ K‡i| GLb nvmvb Mªz‡ci cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q cÖwZôvbwUi Drcvw`Z RyZv wb¤œgv‡bi
†dvg AvšÍR©vwZK gv‡bi| Gi d‡j cÖwZôvbwU Pxb nq| wb¤œgv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`‡bi d‡j cÖwZôv‡bi
QvovI Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k †dvg ißvwb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| G‡Z c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v K‡g hvq| ZvB cÖwZôvb‡K
cÖwZôvbwUi cY¨ ißvwb AviI m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡e| cwimsL¨vwbK gvb wbqš¿Y c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|
myZivs, cÖwZôvbwUi cY¨ ißvwb cÖmv‡i ISO - Gi wb¤œgv‡bi c‡Y¨i KviY wbY©‡qi Rb¨ G ai‡bi gvb
f~wgKv Zvrch©c~Y©| wbqš¿Y e¨q Ki‡Z nq e‡j GwU g~j¨vqb e¨‡qi
AšÍf©~³| ZvB ejv hvq, cÖwZôvbwUi cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq
10. ivRv ÔmyÕ wbR¯^ KviLvbvq RyZv Drcv`b K‡i msNwUZ e¨qwU n‡jv g~j¨vqb e¨q|
†`ke¨vcx weµq K‡i| cÖ_g ch©v‡q Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z N. ÔivRv RzZvÕ KZ©…K M„nxZ gvb e¨e¯’vcbvi c`‡¶c¸‡jv
RyZv wb¤œgv‡bi nIqvq Zviv cwimsL¨vwbK gvb wbqš¿Y cy‡ivcywi Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
c×wZ AbymiY K‡i| Gici †_‡K DbœZgv‡bi RyZv gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Ges †mev ˆZwi Kiv, gvb a‡i ivLv,
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZôvbwU cÖ_‡gB gvb w¯’i K‡i Ges AcPq nÖv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi gybvdv e„w× Kivi
c~e©wba©vwiZ gvb Abyhvqx cY¨ Drcv`b n‡”Q wKbv Zv e¨e¯’v ev cÖwµqv n‡jv gvb e¨e¯’vcbv|
wbwðZ K‡i I cÖ‡qvR‡b ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY RzZv cÖ¯ÍyZKvix cÖwZôvb ÔivRv RzZvÕ-Gi cÖv_wgK
K‡i| d‡j Zviv †µZv‡`i Av¯’v AR©‡b m¶g nq| ch©v‡q Drcvw`Z RzZv wQj wb¤œgv‡bi| ZvB cÖwZôvbwU
K. †eÂgvwK©s Kx? cwimsL¨vwbK gvb wbqš¿Y c×wZ AbymiY K‡i|
L. ISO -9000 ej‡Z Kx †evS? cieZ©x‡Z cÖwZôvbwU DbœZgv‡bi RyZv Drcv`‡bi
M. ivRv RyZv cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq †Kvb ai‡bi e¨q Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB gvb w¯’i K‡i Ges c~e©wba©vwiZ gvb
K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Abyhvqx cY¨ Drcv`b wbwðZ K‡i| GQvovI
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔivRv RyZvÕ KZ©…K M„nxZ cÖwZôvbwU c‡Y¨ †Kv‡bv ÎzwU wePz¨wZ _vK‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq
c`‡¶c KZUzKz Kvh©Ki e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i| d‡j Zviv †µZv‡`i
Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ †`LvI| Av¯’v AR©‡b m¶g nq Ges gybvdv e…w× Kiv mnRZi
10 b¤^i m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi nq|
Zviv gvb e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g gvb w¯’i Kivi ci †mB
Abyhvqx cY¨ Drcv`b n‡”Q wKbv, Zv Zzjbv K‡i †`Lv
nq| †Kv‡bv wePy¨wZ cvIqv †M‡j ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq| Gi d‡j c‡Y¨i gvb
DbœZ nq| ÔivRv RyZvÕ Gme Kvh©m¤úv`b Kivi c‡Y¨i
gvb DbœZ nq| cÖwZôvbwU‡K c‡Y¨i wb¤œgv‡bi Rb¨
AwZwi³ e¨q Ki‡Z nq bv| G‡Z cY¨ Drcv`b e¨q
Kg nq| d‡j Kg `v‡g fv‡jv gv‡bi RyZv mieivn
K‡i †µZvi mš‘wó AR©b Kiv mnR nq| ZvB ejv hvq,
ÔivRv RzZvÕ KZ©…K gvb e¨e¯’vcbvi c`‡¶cwU h_vh_
n‡q‡Q|