THEORETICAL INSTRUCTIONS
WRITING TASK 2
4 dạng:
1. Opinion essay
2. Discussion essay
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
4. Two-part question
Intro:
*PARAPHRASE
+ Synonyms
+ Word forms
+ Grammar structure
+ Generalisation (football => sport/ activity)
+ Specification (freshman – undergraduate; students -> post graduate;
people -> who?)
+ Understanding the context
*** more and more => trends + tendency
Vd: There is an ongoing trend towards high school graduates defering
university enrollment for one year to work.
E.g.
*** the idea of ……….. is becoming popular/ gaining traction
(the fact of an idea, product, etc. becoming popular or being accepted.;
E.g. In our digital age, it takes less time for new words and phrases to
gain traction than it did in the past. )
Important phrases and structures in the body
1. Reason
- Beacause/ Since/ As SV, SV
- This is because SV.
- The key rationale is that.
- The key rationale lies in NP, RC (relative clause)
- Due to/ because of/ on account of/owing to NP, SV
- In light of NP, SV
2. Effect
- Help/ allow/ enable SB to DO
- Not permit
- Encourage SB to DO
- Promote sth
- Foster sth (feelings)
- Faciliate sth (thúc đẩy, TẠO ĐIỀU KIỆN THUẬN LỢI CHO)
- Incentivise (v) (incentivise sb to DO
- incentive (n): motivation (financial incentive)
- discourage (v):
- prevent sb from DOING
- impede /hinder/forbid/prohibit sth: cản trở
( to delay or stop the progress of something)
- Breed sth: to cause sth
- Take a toll on (id):
(to have a bad effect on somebody/something; to cause a lot of damage,
deaths, pain, etc.)
- Result in/lead to/ give rise to sth
( to cause something to happen or exist; e.g. The novel's success gave
rise to a number of sequels. International support has given rise to a new
optimism in the company.)
- result from
- as a result/consequence (neutral); consequently; therefore
- , therefore/ thereby/ hence Ving (đứng giữa câu)
- (hoặc đứng đầu câu + ,)
- This is why SV
- By Ving, SV (cùng chủ ngữ)
- SV in order to V (cùng chủ ngữ )
- SV so that SV -> mục đích (để mà)
- SV, so SV -> kết quả (vì vậy)
3. Comparison and contrast
- Similarly/ likewise
- In contrast
- This is not the case for
- Without NP, SV (tương tự như if loại 2 => chia coud hoặc might
– hệ quả/tương phản)
4. Example
- For example/ instance, SV
- This is particularly the case for … , RC
- A case in point is NP, RC/SV
- This can be seen in …
How to write a paragraph
*One-idea paragraph
E.g.
The key rationale lies in innumerable learning sources that the
former provides for children, with which they can easily self-study at
home. A case in point is Youtube, which allows access to a plethora of
language-learning tutorial videos, therefore enabling them to pick up a
language without going to school. The same logic can be applied to
subjects like math and literture. Considering these factor the belief that
schools will be marginalised seems justifiable.
*Two-idea paragraph
E.g.
On the other hand, I’m convinced that school will remain
irreplaceable/ place an indispensible role. First, it should be noted that
children can be so overwhelmed with a sheer volume of online content
that they might not know where to start and what to do next. That being
the case, they could suffer from a sense of disorientation and frustration.
This is why we still need schools, where structured learning, coupled
with assistance from teachers allow students to stay on track with their
studies. In addition, schools are of paramout importance as daily
interactions with teachers and friends promote interpersonal skills, which
enables them to know how to communicate and behave in different
settings. In contrast, screen-based learning leads to a dearth of
face-to-face communication, therefore impeding their social
development.
(nếu vậy => chia động từ phía sau: could)
OPINION ESSAY
40/60
*** intro không có partly agree/disagree
I. Intro
- paraphrase + opinion
- opion:
+ One school of thought holds that ….paraphrase… In
this essay, however, i will challenge this thinking
(40/60//100 disagree)
+ One school of thought holds that ….paraphrase… I
agree with this thinking despite acknowledging its
potential drawbacks/ benefits. (40/60 agree)
+ ….dẫn đề…..,which has led/. This has led some to
believe that …. paraphase…. While acknowledging the
reasons for this thinking, I would argue/contend that
…..ý mình…. (40/60 disagree)
- e.g. The rapid development of the internet has ushered in a new
era, in which most, if not all, information is at children’s fingertips.
This has led some to believe that schools will be rendered
obsolete. While acknowledging the reasons for this thinking, I
argue that schools’ roles will remain unshakeable.
II. Body
1. First paragraph (Ý TRÁI + Ý PHẢN)
- TRÁI: Granted, advocates/opponents of V_ing might
argue that …
- PHẢN: However, this perspective is flawed as
(problems) // fails to factor in NP/the fact that
- e.g. Granted, opponents of retaining brick-and-mortar schools
might argue that the amount of information that the Internet
provides for children far exceeds that in any textbooks. With this
reservoir of knowledge, they say, children can self-study at home
and no longer need to attend schools. However, this perspective
fails to factor in the fact that unauthenticated information is
rampant on various virtual platforms. For young, impressionable
minds, frequent exposure to misleading and toxic perspectives can
easily give rise to distorted worldview. This is why we still need
schools, which employ qualified teachers to interpret and deliver
knowledge, forming a structured foundation upon which students
can erect their understanding.
Thẻ 2