NAVPREET KAUR
ROLLNO .23011281
FYIP BIO SCIENCE
MAJOR HUMAN GENETICS.
FERTILIZATION
SPERM AND
SPERMATOGENESIS
SPERM AND SPERMATOGENESIS
SPERM PRODUCED IN THE MALE TESTES THROUGH PROCESS IS CALLED SPERMATOGENESIS.
SPERMATOGENESIS BEGINS AT PUBERTY .
TIME TAKEN FOR SPERMATOGENESIS 70 _ 75 DAYS .
SPERM CELLS ARE TINNY ABOUT 50 MICROMETERS LONG .
SPERM CARRIES HALF OF THE GENETIC INFORMATION NEEDED TO FORM A NEW HUMAN.
SPERM CAN LIVE FOR UPTO 5 DAYS INSIDE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .
HAPLOID NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES SPERM = 23 CHROMOSOME.
FERTILIZATION SPAN 48 TO 72 HOURS.
PROCESS BY WHICH SPERM IS RELEASED IS CALLED EJACULATION
OVA AND OOGENESIS
OVA AND OOGENESIS
THE PROCESS OF MATURATION OF MATURE OVUM IS CALLED OOGENESIS.
RELEASE OF SECONDARY OOCYTE FROM PRIMARY OOCYTE IS CALLED OVULATION.
SIZE OF OVA IS 120 -130 MICRONS.
FERTILIZATION SPAN OF OVA 12-24 HOURS.
FERTILIZATION
FERTIZATION IS THE PROCESS OF FUSING MALE GAMETE THE SPERMATAZOON WITH THE FEMALE
GAMETE THE OOCYTE TO PRODUCE THE ZYGOTE .
SITE OF FERTILIZATION
. AMPULLA OF FALLOPIAN TUBE.
REACTIONS IN FERTILIZATION
CAPACITATION
ACROSOME REACTION
ZONA PELLUCIDA REACTION
CAPACITATION
• SPERM GAINIG THE ABILITY TO FERTILIZE THE EGG
• REMOVE THE CHOLESTEROL AND PROTEIN FROM THE HEAD OF SPERM
ACROSOME REACTION
• THE ACROSOME REACTION IS A CRUCIAL STEP IN FERTILIZATION WHERE THE SPERM’S OUTER
MEMBRANE FUSES WITH ITS PLASMA MEMBRANE, RELEASING ENZYMES THAT HELP THE SPERM
PENETRATE THE EGG’S PROTECTIVE COAT, THE ZONA PELLUCIDA.
ZONA PELLUCIDA REACTION
• THE “ZONA PELLUCIDA REACTION” REFERS TO THE CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE ZONA
PELLUCIDA (ZP), A GLYCOPROTEIN LAYER SURROUNDING THE OOCYTE, AFTER FERTILIZATION,
LEADING TO A BLOCK TO POLYSPERMY (MULTIPLE SPERM FERTILIZING ONE EGG). THIS
REACTION INVOLVES MODIFICATIONS TO THE ZP THAT PREVENT FURTHER SPERM FROM
BINDING AND PENETRATING.
FERTILIZATION PROCESS
• 300 TO 500 SPERM ATTACK TO THE CORONA RADIATA
|
HYALURONIDASE ENZYME
|
CORONA RADIATA DISSOLVE
|
ZONA PELLUCIDA
|
PROTEIN ZP3 RECEPTOR
|
SPERM+MEET FEMALE PRONUCLEUS
|
FORMATION OF ZYGOTE
|
PROCES OF FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
• DURING COPULATION SEMEN IS RELEASED BY THE PENIS INTO THE VAGINA .
• THE MOTILE SPERM SWIM RAPIDLY PASS THROUGH THE CERVIX ENTER INTO THE UTERUS AND
FINALLY REACH THE AMPULLARY REGION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE.
• THE OVUM RELEASED BY THE OVARY IS ALSO TRANSPORT TO THE AMPULLARY REGION WHERE
FERTILIZATION TAKE PLACE .
• DURING FERTILIZATION A SPERM CONTACT WITH THE ZONA PELLUCIDA LAYEROF
THE OVUMAND INDUCE CHANGE IN THE MEMBRANE THAT BLOCK THE ENTERY
OF ADDITIONAL SPERM .
• THUS IT ENSURE THAT ONLY ONE SPERM CAN FERTILIZE WITH OVUM .
• THE SECRETION OF THE ACROSOME HELP THE SPERM ENTER INTO THE
CYTOPLASM OF THE OVUM THROUGH THE ZONA PELLUCIDA AND THE PLASMA
MEMBRANE.
• THIS INDUCE THE COMPLETION OF THE MEIOTIC DIVISION OF THE SECONDARY
OOCYTE .
• THE SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION IS ALSO UNEQUAL AND RESULT IN THE
FORMATION OF SECOND POLAR BODY AND A HAPLOID OVUM .
• SOON THE HAPLOID NUCLEUS OF THE SPERM AND THAT OVUM FUSE TOGETHER
TO FORM DIPLOID ZYGOTE .
THANK YOU .