Class:6. SCIENCE.

Chapter 2

Q.1. Write the answers to the following questions in your words.

a)What are the differences between plants and animals?

Answer:

Plants Animals

1. Plants cannot move from one place to another. 1. Animals can move from one place to another.
They are anchored to the soil.

2. Plants prepare their own food with the help of 2. Animals cannot prepare their own food. They
chlorophyll and sunlight. move in search of food from one place to another.

3. Plants grow throughout their life. 3. Animals grow only up to a certain period of their
life.

4. Plants respire with the help of microscopic 4. Animals respire with the help of special organs
pores present on their leaves and stems. like lungs, gills, trachea, etc.

b) What are the similarities between plants and animals?

Answer: 1) Plants and animals are both living things.

2) Growth, respiration, excretion, responsiveness to stimuli and reproduction are the common
characteristics in both of them.

3) Plant body is also made up of cells just like that o the animal body. Thus, both have cellular structure.

4) Animals and plants both need water and nutrients for survival.

C) How is the plant kingdom useful to us?

Answer: 1) Plants are used for household as well as industrial purposes.

2) They provide us with food in the form of fruits, vegetables etc., e.g. Potato, methi, bhendi, apple,
mango, etc.

3) Some plants are also used as medicines e.g. Adulsa, Hirada, Tulsi etc.

4) They also support birds which build their nests.

Answer:1) Dogs, cats, cows, etc. are domesticated. Dogs and cats are used as pets.

2) Cows, buffaloes, goats, etc. are used for getting their milk.

3) Sheep is used for obtaining wool.

4) Horses, oxen, camels and donkeys are used to carry burden.

5) Earthworm is useful in agriculture.

e) What makes living things different from non-living things?

Answer:

Living things Non-living things

1. Living things can grow on their own in size, 1. Non-living things do not grow on their own in
height and weight. size, height and weight.

2. Living things can move from one place to 2. Non-living things can move only if someone
another on their own. moves them.

3. Living things can reproduce. 3. Non-living things cannot reproduce.

4. They require food for their growth. 4. They do not require any food.

Questions 2. What helps them to breathe?

Answer:

Plant/Animals Breathing Organ

1. A fish gills

2. A snake external nostrils and lungs.

3. A crane external nose and air sacs in lungs.

4. An earthworm moist skin.

5. Man nose and lungs.

7. A caterpillar trachea which opens at the side in their skin.

Question 4. Write the uses of these animals and plants.

Animals: Honeybees, sharks, yaks, sheep, earthworms, dogs, bivalves, horses, mice.

Plants: Ginger, mango, eucalyptus, babul (acacia), teak, spinach, aloevera, turmeric, holy basil, karanja,
moh, mulberry, grapevine.

Animals Uses:

1) Honeybees: Honey and wax prepared by them is used by us. Beeswax is used in cosmetics.

2) Sharks: The ‘shark liver oil’ obtained from them is a rich source of vitamins.

3) Yaks: Yaks Milk and meat obtained is used as food. Yaks are also used for carrying loads in
mountainous regions.

4) Sheep: Their fleece is used as a good source of wool. Their meat is used as food.

5) Earthworms: They convert biodegradable waste to good manure (vermicompost)which can be used in
fields and gardens. They are called “friends of farmers” as they make the soil fertile.

6) Dogs: They are used as pets to guard houses and farms.

7) Bivalves: Bivalves like oysters are used to obtain pearls used in jewellery making. They are also used
as food.

8) Horses: They are used for pulling carriages, heavy loads and also as means of transport in
mountainous regions.

9) Mice: They are used in research to test medicines, vaccines etc.

10) Rabbits: They are used as pets and also in research. Their meat is used as food.

Plants Uses:

1) Ginger: Used as medicine to cure digestive problems of stomach. It is also used as a spice in food.

2) Mango: It is used to prepare pickles when raw and as a fruit when ripe.

3) Eucalyptus: Leaves and oil extracted from it is used as medicine to cure fever, cold and cough.

4) Babul (Acacia): It is used as a medicine. Also used as cattle feed. It is used to clean teeth.
5) Teak (Sag): Its wood is used to make furniture.

6) Spinach (Palak): Spinach is a very popular green leafy vegetable. It contains many vitamins and
minerals and is rich in iron. Consuming spinach regularly keeps us in good health.

7) Aloe vera (Korphad): It is used to treat various skin diseases. Its gel is used as a moisturizer for skin
and for treating hair fall.

8) Turmeric: It is used as a spice and has medicinal properties. It is used for healing wounds and cuts due
to its antiseptic properties.

9) Holy basil (Tulsi): It is used as medicine to cure cough and cold. It also reduces air pollution.

10) Karanja (Jatropha): It is used as a medicine and its seeds are used to prepare biodiesel.

11) Moh (Mahwa): The fat extracted from its seeds is used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents.
Its bark and flowers are used as medicine.

12) Mulberry: The leaves of these trees are used for feeding silkworms which produce silk. The fruits are
rich in vitamins.

13) Grapevine: Grapes are fruits of a grapevine. They are used for making jam, jelly, juice, wine.

Question 5. What are the peculiarities of the movements of these living things?

Living things : Snakes, tortoises, kangaroos, eagles, chameleons, frogs, gulmohur, sweet potato
creeper, dolphins, ants, rattlesnakes, grasshoppers, earthworms.

1) Snakes: They don’t have legs. They move in a S-shaped wavy motion. They cannot move over smooth
surface.

2) Tortoises: They are very slow and they walk on their four legs by raising their body off the ground.

3) Kangaroos: The hind legs of kangaroos are long and front legs are short. A kangaroo moves by
hopping (jumping) on its muscular hind legs with the support of long tail.

4) Eagles: Eagles fly at great heights and they can lift. Wings of eagles are strong and powerful.

5) Chameleons: Chameleons can change the colour of their skin and camouflage (hide) in their
surroundings. They move slowly with their four legs.

6) Frogs: Their hind legs are long and front legs are short. Hence, they hop on their hind legs, when on
land, and swim with the help of hind limbs when in water.

7) Gulmohar: Gulmohar blooms in summer and the flowers which are red in colour reveal very few
leaves. Their leaves fold up during evening. It grows to a height of 5 m to 12m.
8) Sweet potato creeper: Sweet potato creepers are fastest growing creepers that cover the whole
ground. If they find some support, they try to bend towards it.

9) Dolphins: They move on surface of water by slapping their tail, exposing their head, leaping out of
water, diving in the water and doing a side flop.

10) Ants: The ants move in a line and as they move, they leave a chemical which attracts other ants.
They have six legs and they can walk very fast.

11) Rattle snakes: Rattle snake is a highly poisonous snake. The rattling sound is made by the shaking of
the rattle located on its tail when it moves.

12) Grasshoppers: They are insects with three pairs of walking legs and two pairs of wings which helps
them to walk, fly and jump.

13) Earthworms: They move forward by repeated contractions and relaxations of their muscles. A slimy
substances secreted by the earthworm helps in its movement.