SCIENCE 10
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
Glands and Their
Hormones
OBJECTIVES:
1. identify the major endocrine glands in
the human body;
2. explain the role of hormones involved
in the female and male reproductive
systems (S10LT-IIIb-34); and
3. explain the different disorders in the
endocrine system.
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
•The endocrine system is
composed of different glands
which secrete hormones that
regulate metabolism, growth
and development, mood, and
reproduction.
HORMONES
•Organic substances released by the glands of
the endocrine system directly into the
bloodstream.
•Hormones are capable of changing the
physiological and metabolic behaviors of
their target cells to maintain homeostasis.
•The major endocrine glands in the body are the
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus,
adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
Glands and their
Functions
1. PITUITARY GLAND
FUNCTION
✔Produces hormones that stimulate growth and controls
the functions of other glands.
HORMONES
✔Oxytocin, Growth, Hormones (GH), Prolactin (PRL),
Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating , Hormone
(FSH), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH),
Antidiuretic hormone (AH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
LOCATION
✔ At the base of the brain
2. THYROID GLAND
FUNCTION
✔Produces hormones that regulate body
metabolism, and storage of calcium in bones
HORMONES
✔Thyroid hormone
LOCATION
✔ In front of the neck and below the voice box
3. PARATHYROID GLAND
FUNCTION
✔Produces hormones that control the calcium
levels in your body, and normalizes bone growth
HORMONES
✔Parathormone
LOCATION
✔ In the neck
4. THYMUS GLAND
FUNCTION
✔Produces hormones that enable the body to
produce T cells before puberty
✔It makes white blood cells, called lymphocytes,
which protect the body against infections.
HORMONES
✔Thymosin
LOCATION
✔ In front of the heart
5. ADRENAL GLAND
FUNCTION
✔Produces hormones that affects metabolism,
immune system and blood pressure, stress
reaction
HORMONES
✔Adrenaline and Others
LOCATION
✔ On top of the kidneys
6. PANCREAS
FUNCTION
✔Produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
✔The exocrine pancreas produces enzymes that help to
digest food, particularly protein.
✔The endocrine pancreas makes the hormone insulin, which
helps to control blood sugar levels.
HORMONES
✔Insulin, Glucagon
LOCATION
✔ Behind the stomach
7. REPRODUCTIVE: TESTES (MALES)
FUNCTION
✔Produces hormones that control maturation of
sperm and development of the secondary male
sexual characteristics;
HORMONES
✔Testosterone
LOCATION
✔ Scrotum
8. REPRODUCTIVE: OVARIES (FEMALES)
FUNCTION
✔Produces hormones that influence development
of the secondary female sexual characteristics,
and maturation of the egg cells and ovulation
HORMONES
✔Estrogen, Progesterone
LOCATION
✔ Pelvic area
9. PINEAL GLAND
FUNCTION
✔Produces a hormone that regulates the biological
clock in some animal
HORMONES
✔Melatonin (It regulates night and day cycles or
sleep-wake cycles.)
LOCATION
✔ In the brain
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
▪Osteoporosis is a disease that happens
when the mineral density of the bone is
reduced making it brittle and porous.
Parathyroid hormone secretion is one of the
possible causes of this disease.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
▪Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the
thyroid gland. It results from the
underproduction or overproduction of thyroid
hormones.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
▪Gigantism is a disorder that happens
during childhood when there is abnormal
increase in height associated with too
much secretion of growth hormones.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDER
▪Dwarfism is a condition wherein the
production of growth hormones in the
pituitary gland is insufficient resulting in
short stature.