CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

What will you learn after completion of this

section…..?
 Understanding Principle of working of water based fire protection
systems

CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

Chapter 01

Principle of Automatic Sprinkler

Performance

CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

Convective Heat Flow in Fires
Primary Purpose of Sprinkler Spray

1. It delivers water to the burning material and reduces the

combustion rate by preventing further generation of combustible
vapor.
2. It wets the surrounding material which reduces the flame spread
rate
3. It cools the surrounding air by evaporation and displaces air with
inert water vapor.
Sprinkler Design Purposes
1. Sprays from sprinklers located directly above the fire must have
sufficient vertical momentum to penetrate the fire plume and reach
the burning commodity.
2. Spray from sprinklers located in the ceiling jet must have sufficient
horizontal momentum to counteract the ceiling jet flow and reach
the burning commodity positioned between sprinklers
3. The spray must absorb enough heat from the plume and ceiling jet
to lower the temperatures to an acceptable level
Typical Sprinkler Design
Typical Sprinkler Design
Fire Control Vs Fire Suppression

Vs
Chapter 02

Automatic Sprinklers

CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

Typical Sprinkler Design
Deflector Design
Temp. Rating
Types of Sprinkler
• Recessed Sprinkler
• Flush Type Sprinkler
• Concealed Sprinklers
• Ornamental Sprinkler
• Dry Pendant & Dry Upright Sprinkler
• Residential Sprinkler
• Large Drop Sprinkler
• On-off Sprinkler
• Sprinkler for Corrosive Conditions
• Sidewall Sprinkler
• Extended Coverage Sprinkler
• Open Sprinkler
• Small & Large Orifice Sprinkler
Chapter 03

Automatic Sprinkler System

CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

Types of Sprinkler System
1. Wet Pipe
2. Dry Pipe
3. Pre-action
4. Deluge
Types of Sprinkler System
Types of Sprinkler System
Single Vs Double Interlock
Occupancy Hazard Classification
1. Light Hazard
2. OH-1
3. OH-2
4. EH-1
5. EH-2
System Valves
1. Indicating Features
2. Supervisory Features
Areas of Coverage
TABLE 16.3.7 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard
Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for Light Hazard
TABLE 16.3.8 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard
Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for Ordinary Hazard.
TABLE 16.3.9 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard
Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for Extra Hazard
TABLE 16.3.10 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard
Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for High-Piled Storage
Chapter 04

Hanging & Bracing of Water

Based Systems

CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

Maximum Pipe Stand Height
Hanger Loads
• There is a difference between the safety factors applied to the hanger
versus those for the building structure. In general, the hanger
components are expected to support five times the weight of the
water-filled piping plus a load of 250 lb (114 kg) at any point of piping
support.
Hanger Distance
Sway Bracing Placement
Longitudinal Bracing
Longitudinal Bracing
4 way Bracing
Chapter 05

Sprinkler Systems for Storage Facilities

According to survey
Fires in storage properties, . . . account for
I. 15.5 percent of nonresidential structure fires,
II. 19.5 percent of associated property damage,
III. 11.4 percent of associated civilian deaths, and
IV. 9.2 percent of associated civilian injuries.
V. In storage properties, the leading occupancies in which these fires
occur are agriculture products storage facilities (38%), unclassified
storage facilities (23%), and general-item storage facilities (14%)
Recent Fire Loss
• 2007 – Tupperware storage
warehouse fire
• 15,392 m2 warehouse burned for
24 hours – a total loss
• Sprinklers met state & local
requirements including NFPA 13
but the fire could not be
extinguished once plastic became
involved
Warehouse fires pose significant risks to
occupants, local environments, and
responding fire personnel
Current Commodity Classification

Plastic Group A-C

Class I -IV

Warehouse
commodity Classify grouped
Use large-scale test
(Carton, packaging, commodity into
data to design fire
plastic) one of seven hazard
protection system
groups (Based on
(NFPA 13)
HRR)
NFPA Storage Standards
• NFPA storage standards are based on full-scale fire tests and past loss
experience
• To effectively prepare a fire protection plan for a storage occupancy,
the following steps should be followed.
a) Determine the commodity classification.
b) Identify the storage arrangement.
c) Establish the storage height and clearance from the top of storage
to sprinklers.
d) Develop a protection scheme (automatic sprinkler system).
Commodity Classification
• Class -1(Metal and glass products, food, electrical distribution
equipment, cement in bags, inert pigments)
• Class-2(Class I products in slatted wooden crates, solid wooden boxes,
or multiple-thickness cardboard cartons; also wire coils or reels, beer
or win)
• Class- 3(Wood, paper and natural fiber cloth such as books,
magazines, plastic-coated paper containers, leather, shoes, doors,
window frames, wood or metal furniture, tobacco products)
• Class- 4(vinyl floor tile, wood or metal frame upholstered furniture,
mattresses, some synthetic threads and yarns, metal (padded)
bumpers and plastic-padded metal dashboards)
Commodity Classification
FM Test for HRR
• OBC(Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter)
• FPA(Fire Propagation Apparatus)
• FPC(Fire Products Collector Commodity Classification Tests)
Commodity Classification FM Data Sheet 8-1
Commodity Classification FM Data Sheet 8-1
Sprinkler Warehouse Fire Modeling
Categories of Plastics
• Group A
• Group B
• Group C
Storage Arrangements
• Bulk Storage
• Solid Pile Storage
• Palletized Pile Storage
• Rack Storage

NFPA #13 defines high-piled storage as any rack, palletized, or solid-pile

storage in excess of 12’ in height. In other words, once it becomes
known that the height of storage or anticipated height of storage
exceeds 12’, we must now delve deeper into the requirements of
Chapter 7 in NFPA #13.
Storage Height and Clearance
“Fire severity is a function of height. The taller the burning materials,
the more rapidly the flames will accelerate”

“Materials stored twice as high will burn much more than twice as
fast.”
Design Height can be determined by
(1) What the warehouse manager says the storage height will be
limited to
(2) The elevation of the bottom of the lowest beam or structural roof
member of the building. This is also refer to by those in the
commercial real estate business as the building’s “clear height”
(3) The elevation of the bottom of the lowest steel bar-joist web inside
the building
(4) 18” below the deflector of the sprinkler-heads
Storage Height and Clearance
• NFPA 13 requires that, when ceiling heights exceed 30 ft (9.14 m) and
the distance between the ceiling height and top of storage exceeds 20
ft (6.1 m), protection be provided for the storage height that would
result in a 20 ft (6.1 m) distance between the ceiling height and top of
storage.
• Clearances greater than 20 ft (6.1 m) are beyond the scope of testing
used to develop the protection requirements for control-mode
density/area sprinklers.
• The minimum clearance of 18 in. (0.46 m) required below ceiling
sprinkler deflectors is the minimum that will allow the proper spray
pattern to develop.
Miscellaneous Storage
 Storage that does not exceed 12 ft (3.66 m) in height and is incidental
to another occupancy use group. Such storage will not constitute
more than 10 percent of the building area or 4000 ft2 (372 m2) of the
sprinklered area, whichever is greater. Such storage will not exceed
1000 ft2 (93 m2) in one pile or area, and each such pile or area will be
separated from other storage areas by at least 25 ft (7.62 m).
• Meeting this definition will result in an occupancy (ordinary or extra
hazard) method of protection rather than a storage method of
protection
 Control Mode Density Area Sprinklers
 Control Mode Specific Application Sprinklers
Tables Study
• TABLE 16.5.1 Sprinkler System Design Density for Palletized, Solid-
Piled, in Bin Boxes, or in Shelf Storage of Class IV Commodity Storage
20 ft (6.1 m) High
• TABLE 16.5.2 Sprinkler System Design Density for Single- or Double-
Row Racks—Class IV Commodities—Storage Height 20 ft (6.1 m)
Without Solid Shelves
• TABLE 16.5.3 Sprinkler System Design Density for Multiple-Row Racks
(Class IV Commodities)—Rack Depth up to and Including 16 ft (4.9 m),
Aisles 8 ft (2.4 m) or Wider, Storage Height 20 ft (6.1 m)
Tables Study
• TABLE 16.5.7 ESFR Protection of Rack Storage Without Solid Shelves
of Class IV Commodities Stored up to and Including 25 ft (7.6 m) in
Height
 In Rack Sprinklers
• Rack structures inherently create obstructions to
rising heat and combustion products from a fire and
to water discharge from a ceiling sprinkler system.
• As a result, a fire in racks can become very
challenging, quickly overpowering most ceiling
sprinkler systems.
• This phenomenon becomes more pronounced when
storage heights increase and when both horizontal
and structural flue spaces become obstructed.
Sprinklers installed in racks alleviate this concern.
 In Rack Sprinklers
• In-rack sprinklers are installed in the longitudinal
flue spaces of the rack structure. As rack height
increases, additional in-rack sprinklers may also be
needed in the transverse flue spaces within 18 in.
(0.49 m) of the aisle.
• The need for in-rack sprinklers depends on a
number of factors, including the condition and type
of ceiling sprinkler system, commodity type, and
storage height.
• Generally, when spray sprinklers are used, in-rack
sprinklers are required for rack storage over 25 ft
(7.6 m), regardless of the commodity.
• For storage up to 25 ft (7.6 m), the need for in-rack
sprinklers varies. When ESFR sprinklers are used,
in-rack sprinklers are not required in most cases.
Longitudinal vs Transverse Flue Space
Why are in-rack sprinklers a better option?
• Sprinklers located closer to a rack storage
fire is an advantage
• Sprinklers have the potential to activate
when a fire is smaller and requires less
water to control
• Building geometry does not affect sprinkler
protection in two key areas:
– Building height
– Roof slopes greater than 2 in 12
• Obstruction rules for ceiling sprinklers do not
apply to in-rack sprinklers
• In-rack sprinklers are intended
specifically for areas that have
obstructions
Installation of Rack Sprinkler
= Horizontal Barrier
` = Longitudinal Flue Space Sprinklers
= Face Sprinklers

Plan View
26 In-Rack Sprinklers!
Elevation View
Sprinkler Spacing
The maximum spacing for most sprinklers is 100 ft2 (9.3 m2), whereas
extended coverage sprinklers may be spaced at 196 ft2 (59.7 m2) for
storage applications.
 Protection System Types
High-Expansion Foam
When high-expansion foam systems combine with ceiling sprinkler
systems, the ceiling sprinkler discharge density may be reduced to one-half
the density otherwise required. However, the density cannot be less than
the following:
1. 0.15 gpm/ft2 (6.1 L/min/m2) for Class I through IV solidpiled or
palletized commodities, including idle pallets or plastics
2. 0.24 gpm/ft2 (9.8 L/min/m2) for rubber tire storage
3. 0.25 gpm/ft2 (10.2 L/min/m2) for roll paper storage
High Expansion Foam
Special Commodities
NFPA 13 allows ceiling-only
• Idle Pallets protection up to 30’ for rubber
tyre storage on racks
• Rubber Tires
Rack storage of Rubber Tyres on Portable
Racks
ESFR Protection
MAX. Building Height 12.2m
Storage Height 9.1m
Sprinkler Type K360 ESFR
No. of Heads 12
Pressure 5.2 bar
Sprinkler Demand 9,910 lpm
Hose Demand 946 lpm
Total Demand 10,856 lpm
Table Study
• TABLE 16.5.8 Recommended Clearances Between Outside Idle Pallet
Storage and Building
• TABLE 16.5.9 Control-Mode Area-Density Protection of Indoor
Storage of Idle Wood Pallets
• TABLE 16.5.10 Control-Mode Specific-Application Protection of
Indoor Storage of Idle Wood Pallets
• TABLE 16.5.11 ESFR Protection of Indoor Storage of Idle Wood Pallets
Further readings
• ASRS (Automated Storage retrieval System) which is not addressed in
NFPA 13, FM Data Sheet 8-34 shall be the reference document for
design and installation Requirement.
• High piled storage fire Protection Innovation : EAS-1 ( Electronically
Activated Sprinkler System) a TYCO Product
Chapter 06

Residential Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 13 D, First Edition,1975
• As specified in the initial version of NFPA 13D, a residential sprinkler
system would use a ½ in. (12.7 mm) orifice, standard response
sprinkler, with a maximum of 256 ft2 (23.8 m2) coverage, and a spray
density of 0.10 gpm/ft2 (4.1 L/m2), yielding a flow rate of 25 gpm
(94.6 L/m2). If the system was not supplied by an adequate public
water source, a 250 gal (946.3 L) stored water supply was required to
provide a 10-minute water supply.
• To keep costs down, it was proposed that sprinklers be located only in
principally occupied rooms. For this reason, sprinklers were not
required in bathrooms 40 ft2 (3.7 m2) or less, small closets 24 ft2 (2.2
m2) or less, attics not used as a living Space
Measuring Sprinkler Sensitivity &
Testing
• Research showed that a more sensitive sprinkler was needed to
respond faster to both smoldering and fast-developing home fires for
two reasons. First, fires had to be controlled quickly in order to
prevent the development of lethal conditions in typically small home
compartments. In addition, fires had to be attacked while still small if
they were to be controlled with the water supplies typically available
in single-family dwellings, that is, 20 to 30 gpm (76 to 114 L/min).
• All residential sprinklers in the test must discharge water at the flow
rate specified by the manufacturer for a 10 minute period simulating
one sprinkler operating and two sprinklers operating
Revised 13D design Requirements
• Performance Criteria
• Design Criteria
• Sprinkler Coverage
• Ceiling Fan Criteria :Residential Sprinkler Systems agreed that the
minimum distance from a sprinkler to the center of a ceiling fan
should be 3 ft. (0.9 m) for pendent sprinklers and 5 ft. (1.5 m) for
sidewall sprinklers
Chapter 07

Ultra-High-Speed Water Spray Systems

Ultra High Speed WSS
• As one that can commence the initiation of discharge of water to a
volatile commodity within 100 milliseconds of detection, measured
from presentation of an energy source to the detector to flow of
water from the nozzle being tested.
• With recent advancements in detection and electronic technology
ultra-high-speed water spray system response times in the 10
millisecond range are achievable, with 10 milliseconds being a
mandatory response time for very rapidly spreading fires
Application
1. Rocket fuel manufacturing
2. Solid propellant manufacturing or handling
3. Paint spray can filling
4. Ammunition manufacturing
5. Pyrotechnics manufacturing
Reaction to Fire Events
• Reaction Time : The total time required from initiation of combustion
and detection to the presence of water at the nozzle. It can be broken
down into 11 segments for clarity
• TABLE 16.7.1 Classification of Explosives
• TABLE 16.7.2 Reaction Time : NFPA 15 considers the period from
detector reaction to flow at nozzles, or the time elapsed from
segments 4 through 9.
• When no explicit guidance is given for specific situations, 36 in. (914.4
mm) is frequently used as a default distance between a point hazard
and ultra-high-speed water spray system nozzles and detectors
 Reaction to Fire Events
• Nozzles spaced for an area hazard must be placed at a distance from
the floor that permits the overlap of nozzle spray patterns on the
floor or on the surface of interest. Although wide nozzle spray angles
(about 120°) are likely to easily overlap, narrower spray angles (60° or
90°), spaced closely together, are more likely to provide efficient spray
density, water velocity, and enhanced water travel time.
Detection System Selection
• Two basic categories of flame detection systems are used as releasing
systems for ultra-high-speed water spray systems.
1. UV detectors, responds to radiation in the range of 1850 to 2850
Microns
2. IR detector sensitivity (between 0.8 and 1.0 microns)
Manufacturing Operation
Ultra-high-speed water spray systems have been successfully employed
to protect the manufacture of many types of munitions, including
propellants, diazodinitropherol (DDNP), trinitrotoluene (TNT),
tetranitromethylaniline (TETRYL), tetranitrocellulose-type explosives
(RDX), C-4, black powder, pyrotechnics, fireworks, magnesium Teflon™
flares, and smoke-generating devices.
Flame Detection Devices
• Ultraviolet Detectors (UV)
• Infrared Detectors (IR)
Piping Method
1. Squib-actuated system
2. Solenoid-actuated system
Squib Actuated System
Squib Actuated System
• The squib-actuated ultra-high-speed deluge system is a pre-primed
deluge system with a squib-operated deluge valve, a system of piping
pre-primed with water, specially capped nozzles and/or rupture discs,
and an ultra-high-speed flame detection system.
• used for hazards such as ammunition loading, explosive powder
drying operations, high-energy fuel processing, self-oxidizing fuel
processing and storage, silane containment cells, explosive dust
collecting and conveying operations, roll mills, and casting pits.
Pre-primed Piping System
The priming static pressure that can be maintained on the blow-off
caps for a squib-actuated system, without danger of accidental leakage,
is 12 psi (82.74 kPa) or less, depending on the cap manufacturer.
Squib Actuated Detection System
Signal transmission time is normally 2 or 3 milliseconds.

If one could double the supply pressure from 50 to

100 psi (344.75 to 689.5 kPa), the actuation time
would decrease by about 20 to 25 percent.
Pilot Actuated System

Specifications written for pilot-actuated

systems mandate a response time not to
exceed 100 milliseconds, measured from
presentation of an energy source to the
detector to water discharge from the
most distant pilot-actuated nozzle

The naval requirement for the early pilot-actuated

system response was 150 milliseconds, with an
operation time, measured from release of the pilot line
to delivery of water, in the 10- to 20-millisecond range.
Pilot actuated valve
The pilot-actuated nozzle insert directs the water flow
into a wide-, medium-, or narrow angle spray.
Minimum static pressure at each nozzle should be no
less than 50 psi (344.75 kPa), with 180 psi (1241.1
kPa) strongly recommended.

It is important to maintain a maximum system

volumetric capacity of less than 500 gal (1892.5 L), as
required by NFPA 15. Where response times of less
than 100 milliseconds are required, it may be
necessary where possible to subdivide the systems
such that the maximum number of nozzles on a single
system is about 10. It is also advantageous to minimize
the number of fittings and changes of water direction
and to minimize the length of the feed main to the
system.
Chapter 08

Water Mist Fire Suppression System

APPLICATIONS OF WATER MIST
SYSTEMS
• Machinery Spaces
• Turbine Enclosures
• Marine Accommodation,
Public Spaces, and Service
Areas
• Electrical Equipment
Rooms, Computer Rooms,
and Wet Benches
• Tunnels
• Aircraft Passenger
Compartments
Below raised floors in data processing
equipment rooms & “Smoke Scrubbing”
Did you think…?
How to handle smoke in a computer room
after extinguishment…?
Extinguishment and Ventilation is all that
what we need..?
Aren’t Smoke and Gases going to affect Elec.
Circuits any way..?
Below raised floors in data processing
equipment rooms & “Smoke Scrubbing”
At present, most of the cables in a
computer room type facility are insulated
with PVC, which generates a considerable
fraction (up to 58 % of weight, depending
on the actual composition) of HCI when
undergoing combustion.
Entrained smoke particles and water-soluble gases adhere to
If the chloride contamination on the surface the water, and the air down stream of the nozzles is clean of
of a circuit card is over IO ug/cm2, the smoke
electronics need to be cleaned which may
be an extremely expensive and time-
consuming process.
Summary of Water Mist System
Features
Objective
Fire Scenarios
System Details
Levels of Acceptance
Extinguishing Mechanisms
Primary Mechanisms
• Heat extraction : For liquid fuel fires, the evaporation of mist cools the flame, which, in turn, reduces
the radiant heat flux to the surface of the fuel, resulting in a reduction in the evolution of flammable
vapors
• Oxygen displacement : oxygen displacement appears to play a stronger role than flame cooling.
Water droplets expand approximately 1900-fold upon evaporation (at 95°C, 1 atm pressure). If
evaporation occurs rapidly, the water vapor displaces the air in the vicinity of the drop
• Blocking of radiant heat : Blocking radiant heat plays a role in stopping the fire from spreading to
unignited fuel surfaces and reduces the vaporization or pyrolysis rate at the fuel surface.
Secondary Mechanisms
(1) Vapor/air dilution
(2) Kinetic effects.

TABLE 16.8.1 Mechanisms of Extinguishment by Water Mist and Their Application

Extinguishing Mechanisms
 Enclosure Effects
• Enclosure effects enhance the
performance of water mist
systems. The enhanced
performance can be attributed
to restricted ventilation and heat
entrapment.
• Where enclosure effects can be
relied on, the flux density
required for extinguishment can
be as much as 10 times lower
than that required for
unconfined, well-ventilated fires.
Time to Extinguishment
• Water mist extinguishes liquid fuel pool fires in 10 to 20 seconds,
using small amounts of water.. Such successes occur in circumstances
in which all suppression properties act together (i.e., oxygen
displacement, flame cooling, radiant heat blocking, and vapor
dilution).
• The IMO machinery space test protocol requires extinguishment
within 15 minutes. One example is where flame cooling cannot
extinguish the fire immediately but, after several minutes, the buildup
of water vapor in the compartment (an enclosure effect) combines
with flame cooling to bring about extinguishment
Duration of Discharge
• NFPA 750 recommends that the water supply be sized based on a 30
minute minimum flow duration. An exception is provided for pre-
engineered systems, for which the minimum duration must be
sufficient for two complete discharges
Spray Characteristics
1. Drop size distribution Three factors that constitute the momentum of the spray
are (1) the spray velocity, (2) its direction relative to
2. Flux density the fire plume, and (3) the mass of the water droplets
transported into the flame or onto the fuel surface.
3. Spray momentum
4. Additives
Experiments at NRCC(Northern Rockies
Coordination Center) demonstrated that
the extinguishing effectiveness of a
water mist was enhanced by addition
of sodium chloride to the water.
Mist made with seawater (2.5% by
weight sodium chloride solution)
extinguished diesel fuel pan fires at
lower flux densities, and 40 to 50
percent faster
 Types of Nozzles and Jets
• Impingement Nozzles
• Pressure Jet Nozzles Pressure jet nozzles operate over a wide range of

• Twin Fluid Nozzles pressures from 75 to 4000 psi (12 to 272 bar).

• Automatic
• Non automatic
• Hybrid A German company has an impinging jet that creates a Class 2
mist at approximately 5 L/min at 175 psi (12 bar) operating
pressure.

Nozzle manufacturers have produced twin-fluid nozzles

for a wide variety of industrial applications, including
spray painting, agricultural spraying, and humidification
systems.
System Types
Nozzles (automatic or deluge)
Gas cylinder(s)
Operation Method Water supply container(s) Operation Pressure
Pump
Actuation/control valves
Pressure regulating valve
Deluge System Piping/tubing Low Pressure System
Pipe connections (fittings)
Hangers and bracing pipe
support
Dry Pipe System Actuation controls Intermediate Pressure
Check valves
Discharge alarms
Pressure gauges/transducers
Pre-action System Drain valves High Pressure
Relief valves
Regulators
Wet Pipe System
Application The time to extinguishment for a given
fire size is a function of the fire size
and compartment volume.
New FM Global Research test
protocols for large machinery spaces
(e.g., 1000 Cubic m) mandate
minimum water supply durations of 60
minutes.
Challenges in using Water Mist System
• Water mist systems connected to a water supply that could be
exhausted before a fire is extinguished are more susceptible to failure
than automatic sprinkler systems.
Energized electrical equipment, enclosed or unenclosed (Class C)
Storage of ignitable liquids (>110 gal [>420 L])
Chemicals, such as cellulose nitrate, that release sufficient oxygen or
other oxidizing agents to sustain combustion
Liquefied or compressed gas
Not
Cascading fuel fires(Domino Effect of Fire) Suitable
for these
application
s
Manufacturer and Distributor
• Grundfos
• Hydramist
• Aqua Sis
• SEM- SAFE By Danfos
• Safeguard
• Marioff- Hi FOG
Chapter 09

Water Spray System

 Chapter 10
• Strainer : Strainers are required in the supply lines of fixed piping
spray systems to keep the nozzles from clogging where the waterways
of nozzles are less than 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) or for systems in which the
water is likely to contain obstructive material.
Chapter 10

Standpipe and Hose System

Design Consideration
The process of designing a standpipe system begins with determining
the intended use, that is, whether it is for
(1) Full-scale fire fighting
(2) First-aid fire fighting
(3) Both.
Classes of Systems
• Class 1
• Class 2
• Class 3
Types of System
• Automatic-wet systems
• Automatic-dry systems
• Semiautomatic-dry systems
• Manual-dry systems
• Manual-wet systems
Water Supply and Piping Requirements
• TABLE 16.10.1 Pressure Limits for Standpipe System Outlets
 Flow Demand
• For the building with Two Standpipe
Systems(Wheather sprinklered or
non Sprinklered.
 Flow Demand
• For the sprinklered building with 5
Standpipe system
 Flow Demand
• For the unsprinklered building with
more than 80,000 ft2 of area
 Flow Demand
• Building with high-rise portion and
low-rise portion
High Rise Demand Zonings

UAELSC Vs FM Vs NFPA 14
High Rise Demand Zonings

Vs
High Rise Demand Zonings
Thank You