Modale-4

eob Ann Hthann inhena inkegaaine

dirat aaahogHh) or a par

dR= dhet dyf

2y dy =d
(inen N= Quttytl
dy =Qu
du
dym audu

Qu?tul=4O l+uR

shann
put those 2 valuer in he

,) tltu?-aui -u-) audu

+ 2u+ ad? -462
+4u+)

+2út Qus-4u3-Qu?-aa)du
-(ou5ul+9.+a)du

= 32
3

ghen

dy-0

-(8+3)*
 dO

(4)

-(a-9)-(;-+)

78- plane defid by aieyl za?, ze0

hanitd J-titegdeit
Note rZz0 mean

The Paaneti eato the cirle oth radi a Barte lop

1=aloct A= aSint (ost san)
da-aint d
oy a a tostolt (ostsan)
liot

- aast atostolt

a +losat dt
-ainal" - stLan+o
 jorinhedt l )tolo.o)

-0

f(o,0)
lnplate or y hern
Dioetaby ont ,

= 4-)

- Eymatieine joii-g h,a) to

(o,o)
a)
(3-)-1 =la-)
(o.0)

dy- ada

14) lo-D -4
 Nate 0-AeAn
7=10s yacint (ost<4) Thi is a paanwati
A) Griven, sl i t esl, a 3d tera
is hoe
da-Gal l othen than
=tost dl -sitdt
y= sint dy =to}t dh

-210stintdt +lotdt
-i-aisst sintdt Jlostdt

[-oL-o

a-to1t, y*int(ostsaa)

J= Sint dy= costdt

J- tostsint)- &in')dt (os D=l

J-Bint Llost} +Zin)dt

- (lo)a
yetiet (o.o), lh.o) &(6.)
trieis madeup e 3 Jin segant

Add agatan,

BO
oloo
Note- Qtnil ireh prehekiL paranjit ille ki
Anti dohise dirtio venme heyyam thee OA>AB >BO
On 0,
The e t i ine OA is

dy-0

heet line tB is
Sthen dit oith line egmahe or hare i atih

hate r

AB

On B0,
The eqat line joinig Bli) &oo.o)
l - 24

(G-)-1 -(a-)-a
 BO
BO

J(a*)d

Add Aee 3 pHe,

Oay dn t =0ta

o) Eve ,abene Fh)esnâ +8i) ad wheasa

ginen oriented tae

Ami mvatig veibr ino tunha

No,we need do da
) Given l) - -4 +
dt

y=t dy =l dy dh
(.Pamti
. lovtit to cemplete t d termy

Flag)= (os*î+ Si

=0î +dtj
 3=’dy - at dy- 2+dt

test)a +Si4

- (ost +Sit)dt LHspital Rulsiml

(a)*af)l-t-)-0-s)f
-Csite-inl-)"afealos a+Sin)-(ob) +S inl-D)
= Bina Sin 4los 2 +2 Sina- alosl +aSinl
3Sina +3Sinl-4losa-a losl

gihen oriented ae

=3, which is a orcle

Gilen +y
3(ost d a-VsintoF
= atost
3sintdyBiostolt
y = asint’
No,
Fly)--y
d dna +dy

3dt

3 ()"4 37

) Grian ca)-* +a-j

dhsal
dy22dt
y ah

dadri +dy)
Fd=-atattlaol)

Line Dateg Ttepatng snt ds)

 he peanatie repsate thge
Bemirle anes Civle)

J=asint yatost Litolost<n)

(a-9=a-2bb

O:e)-a +a+ (ost<) Wese Vestor for h gie

B:r)-+(a-a) (osts)

his

ds=
 4

-5[5-6e4-)

hepreeted by the pmetie eqnati

y=siot, z=B (ost sn)
tost dy =-Siatd d -Sintdt

y- sit ’ dy = (ost dy (ostolt

-y&it+lost +l dE = Vadt
 5dt
ds-C4)(
Sletdt =dy dt Sint a-5 dor .
(ostsn) g=55int 5lost, =*
eqnateCis pm-ateric a lha
y5-x eatio the wire
husemithrda the to whera
5'.a =
pahuthi Cirlete
m'fdthe sl)=15- danity
is domity) sirply lor
the
visndan
haw ire islan
aadut)upere
Jslayds M=
by, giren wre te oirthan
the denit
Dalitho
4+
Na
stdt -((ert z9dS
nt Jly)ds
) si+ Jbry
 -s (s+slot) 1s7-5-5

-slliss est)-(o-)} 157-1O

-s[15n-10)
= 57 - 50 l85-6 wnit ny

ano
1 is Ca

Boeptout
be inteephed a he anea t the sheet ha is
by a voha e eguetd t ateds upwand

move

A) Tha anea dhe afoe canbe expsened

adhe line integl.

The paranetie egmatio is

X= a(ost lost d =-Sitdt

l-tos 24 = Sinzk

-y&itelost dt
dt
 a paxanehetve
prfomd
inahl poit P to n poit o a gian by theint

ishgrto

.JP R-Jlg)d rgbry)y+hlrs)da

moves

Giea podh y
.daaaydy

z 2ydy?+dyi

-(ytay)dy
.0>W=ayt*y)dy

inhegd F.R, hesetis

)Tha lineiegrrt
A)a) Ezuteesg= Eyate s
- 2n>dy=a1d
dy -1 dy dr
F=yà+)
d da t+ oly)

a(2)-t

=4d

Fl) -fl)i *gln)

ommervatre veitor ilo dn Sene open bggio D

and if Cis ay pieewde Beoth Paaedtrie Ive deatytts at

 guivaletHy
Jodn-la9)-(o9) 4)

endpoints andmot onheahaal patt (.Acorda [Link] ine integ

to expseas l3) & (4) 4
(5)

iaevatre by shotlg

QUse th fundantal Thasrent Line integ to- evate

= yitaj = Fl9). .Fby) is tomtevative

9|FG-dli)-eloo)
= (1.)-(o.o)
 a e ionua amd have oinu
Ant pastal dontve
fry)ial) oevatre on D,then
jdd Flay)-

(amvdy D is sinply roerhed a-d o)

at eah poit i D Flayflb)i +gbj s (overvathe
lds ateah poiot in Dthen
Floy =(yr +y-)$ is toewatire
Detesine whedhe da Veilor fhld
en Soe open set.

and gl9) =8-7

Hane Pis mot (owesvave man open set

)Shaat F is a laweivtive vertor ld t en hre 9-plane

ofu Yeethiyl kad plokrbanhi

 Nae
(ometat k abod

oith 'x Feraythe

- y'ad+k) kly) shond begi

tenhan kla)
DPere hataort'y' We ned to tooen e

yter,the unkno ko)

Tk) =1 diathie, Dntegate both sidu

nemthe

- y+ Zay' +kl:)
 Note'
appe nmanailil k a i s

AAmOnn
eNAwn t toevvative

- ols)-li) othe chathe

- (1o+)- (ss+)
= 10+f- 68 =|3(3)R+l+t

) Ver t e fone Bielol F towevatreo h e erire

-y plane

ho) to l-l0)
Lat Alouy) med, l ) teo
ey

Oy

)5ine F is (oervatire t Look do by dhe teld an be

zReplag&j ih d &dy
Cipraied (

(1)

Bine Fisteevate, the eta

 D-et

=rekly)
Dy

Cobiy0
Nate'
OAile cobindont rihe
t n i ,y abone,
.0>-(-lxe't)-(hel+) hepent

manisilaksikke eveg thatyenn

p)8hat eintag indapedet the patt, adA
vale
3aedda+ey oly A)-atet
(o,0)

Nete
 Comievatie Verbr Alo in 3rSpae

3- &pae

Dy

cowewate ield.!
) k

O. Fis ervntne
a

Aso,

o-g-zy t+kl«y)
 (oxP)
k -Blogry)-2lz)
-Jlg)-y-))

= 0, tha ee iteg is indapedat

pth
Let F=vo

=g2-l

..byz-1 +kly,z) -o

o= yz+gz+2' + k(a,2)
yRemebey DaeanedA
-bayz yz+aygz*+k(a)
a4-2+12+48

(a3

= 8a-15
 (ovevatve

Jk
Jalsy)-lag ba))
*Ka(s-)-2yeba)
- +) JlBz*-319). -a
Oru vetor npment ero Ay
ohiohe anino
(omnpment um Zero (bo5)mm

32-322b =O’bal
ab

F can be written a.
P=(biy+z3)a+(3r-z) (srz-y), t is roewtve
Let F=VØ
+d

p=nz-y2 +klay)
OVzgxz3+kly)
p=3ay +23-2y +

pa 3ry-zy+klr)
p=Bz-yz atkly)
 Gyeens hasten

sinply tomneted nagi Rin dhe g--plane bnecna tHa

in a plane |somedimes (allad tha dinengne dhaorem in 2dimai)
dy

anomd c to a double integ

Nate

pt otth voteu (o,o),(1o) and(a) oiented counter do olse

A Pd+Qdytn ile Fhee o a t il
bn

Dy
By breena heorenn,
JPd-Qdy- 29-)ddy
joinig tpoints (o.0)a
Anek- to beues Orn toip vasaih thihe lit
ka-d pidi kkuha
Rgt side leenant Veainble i t venaaady
integte thayy lontant
|imit aVN

.0HS
 dado M=9sin,
oy
= dot =Nles0,
&t=a polan tharg'
too By
prtigloasokmates,
heotenm, en's By
Dy
+)3 losyQl)=
=e-y Py) have WeA)
onientatio lotose. (ouotei the y'ali cile
Thesreng, Grean's By
loy lox =e't DP
loy Sina al)-e
losnSing
Pl)=ey+ have Wa
haan pblms type vach
ee
theose Gsean's posanlelu
eoreen Gery UsNote
(>LHS -3a)ndndo

do
Jde«An
G7sen's Thasreg

Fb)e-)+loy+a)j patile hat tavel one

form Pola+ Qag)

By brren's Thaoren),

n vaniu m o to l,
vagier h o ban
Ca chagig to Pla (oovdltes puttig
de
Arlgg ndnde
-O>W-J]n (O"
(an)3
 patile that stads at (4y0)
ippet &emilrde xayalbyad neho to o
Thaveves the
dhostig point aleha 1-a1!

On cha to Polas to ov dinatey, putti =nto; Dig= iin9,

9Vanep oto 4

. O > n e n dndo
=nSiednde (ona
(osO = |
 eedi to vniy itt t both ae ynal,LHS-RH) Bonnnon onna

odh veaties lo,o),,p) a~dha) oniebed (ounter ilodie

By Lnreen s thasren

dy
Dy ght sioa tere we

îoi lett stde un anne kittanam Alnlil erday mitah d en maralakkamam

AB BO
+Qdy)
Ooe ina edth thil d Qdy) kad ctthanaiaeg)
Annit h 3un koedle a do cheyybo hn To)
line integal hitone orydy))
(EDatineethea oru hetnikhh ma huhal ethar ,dh lo
Neo Pd+ Qdy Qdy

Pdr+Qdy -Pdx

On BO
he cqntien t eBOis y-a
dy -2 dy 2dr
 -(
-o-(4+)

Hene Grveen's Thenem is veihed

hen t unitci
) Vonidy Gmen's hernlor Jght +xdyy
Ornhented (ouuter ilhuoise
vtn) By Creans Dhee,

Ciren P-8 Q

X-a0st y=asint (ostsan)

=(ost9sint
dr-Sintdt, dy tostdh
 -(ua)
-4lo-0

Green's Theor'y Voihed

Gred's Dheoren
) &hoht te Nake T h o o f e
Llased Cve

A-dy -gd)
the ellipe =a tes, ybsi

Bu Gorern'sThesneny
dy

-Ijlt:drdy Now we need to poove tte

 Qtta
we (ol ut P-0 an
Alhaataly
(-y da ein (-2P lat poy)
poyi)

Sily Pa} Pay d Q-0,dh

|4 -J-ydi
Nezt, to enlate te anea o gien elipse,
ca=-aindd, dy= biesbo

j(abein d+ab los)d $

2

-4ablan)-Aab