Chapter VI:
Multiple Integrals
(Inversion of Order or
Change of Coordinates)
Prepared by:
Odette R. Alegato, ME
Course Outcomes
After careful study of this chapter, students shoul
d be able to do the following:
1. Solve problems involving inversion of order
and change of coordinates of multiple
integrals
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 2
Outline
Chapter 6:
Multiple Integrals
(Inversion of order/change of coordinates)
A. Double integrals
B. Triple Integrals
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 3
Introduction
The integral of a function which involves two or more variables is
called a multiple integral. In this chapter we shall limit our discussion to
the integral of a function of two variables. We shall see that a function of
two variables can be integrated with respect to one variable while holding
the other variable constant. We call this process double integration.
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 4
A. Double Integral
We integrate a function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), called integrand, over a closed
bounded region 𝑅 in the 𝑥𝑦 – plane, whose boundary curve has a unique
tangent at each point, but may have finitely many cusps (such as vertices
of a triangle or rectangle.
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 5
A. Double Integral
We subdivide the region 𝑅 by drawing parallel to 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes.
We number the rectangles that are within 𝑅 from 1 to n. In each such
rectangle we choose a point, say 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 in the i𝑡ℎ rectangle, and then we
form the sum.
𝑓 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 ∆𝐴𝑖
𝑖=1
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 6
A. Double Integral
• Where ∆𝐴𝑖 is the area of the i𝑡ℎ rectangle. This we do for larger and
larger positive integers 𝑛 in a completely independent manner but so
that the length of the maximum diagonal of the rectangles approaches
zero as 𝑛 approaches infinity.
• Assuming that the function is defined and continuous in 𝑅 and 𝑅 is
bounded by finitely smooth curves, one can show that this sequence
converges and its limit is independent of the choice of subdivisions and
corresponding points 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 .
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 7
A. Double Integral
• This limit is called the double integral of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) over the region 𝑅 and
is denoted by the symbol
ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
𝑅
• The area 𝐴 of a region 𝑅 in the 𝑥𝑦 – plane is given by the double
integral
𝐴 = ඵ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅
• The volume 𝑉 beneath the surface 𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 > 0 and above the
region 𝑅 in the 𝑥𝑦 – plane is
𝑉 = ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 8
Sample Problems
2 4
1. න න 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 0
න 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 4
0 𝑑𝑥 Integration of 𝑥 + 1 with respect to 𝑦
0 while 𝑥 is kept constant
2
න(4𝑥 + 4) 𝑑𝑥 Factor out 4
0
2
4 න 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
2
𝑥2 22 02
4 +𝑥 =4 +2 −4 + 0 = 4 4 = 16
2 0
2 2
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 9
Sample Problems
1 4−3𝑥
2. න න 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 𝑥
1
න𝑦 4−3𝑥
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑦 and treat 𝑥 as constant
0
න( 4 − 3𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
1 1
න( 4 − 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − න( 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 0
3 1
3/2 1
1 2 4 − 3𝑥 2 𝑥 2 1 2 16 2 8
− − =− − − =
3 3 0
3 0 3 3 3 3 9
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 10
Sample Problems
1 2𝑦
3. න න 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 Do inner integral first
0 0
1 𝑥=2𝑦
𝑥2 Integrate with respect to 𝑥 and treat y as constant
න 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0 2 𝑥=0
1 2
2𝑦
න 𝑦 − 0 𝑑𝑦
0 2
1
න 2𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 Integrate with respect to 𝑦
0
𝑦=1
𝑦4 14 04 1
= − =
2 𝑦=0
2 2 2
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 11
Sample Problems
1 1−𝑥
4. න න (𝑥 − 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 0
1
𝑦=1−𝑥
න 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑦=0 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to y and treat x as constant
0
1
න 𝑥 1−𝑥 − 1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
0
1
න 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
1
3𝑥 2 2𝑥 3 3 2 1
− −𝑥 = − −1=−
2 3 0
2 3 6
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 12
Sample Problems
2 2𝑥
5. න න (𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 𝑥2
2
𝑦=2𝑥
න 𝑥 3𝑦 𝑦=𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to y and treat x as constant
0
2
න 𝑥 3 2𝑥 − 𝑥 3 (𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
0
2
න 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
2
2𝑥 5 𝑥 6 2(2)5 (2)6 32
− = − =
5 6 0
5 6 15
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 13
Multiple Integrals Integral Calculus 14