BRENT ACADEMY OF NORTHERN

CEBU, INC.
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JANUARY

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

 Nervous System : The Control System

of the Body - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - 3-14

 Major Division and Parts

of Nervous System - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3-4

 The Nerve Cell - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 4-5

 Activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 5-14

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 Lesson
Nervous System: The
Control System of the Body

Nervous System: The control system of the body

The nervous system is a

complex network of nerves and cells
that carry messages to and from the
brain and spinal cord to various parts
of the body. It is considered as the
body’s storage center of information
and also the body’s control system. It
is mainly responsible for controlling
and coordinating all the organ
systems by sending messages from
the brain through nerve signals. It
makes sure that all the parts of the
body are working together efficiently.

Major Divisions and Parts of the

Nervous System Figure 2. Nervous System
I. Central Nervous System (CNS)
serves as the main processing center
of the nervous system. It consists of
two main components, namely;
A. Brain is an organ located within the skull that
functions as organizer and distributor of
information for the body. It has three main parts:
1. Cerebrum is the large, upper part of the
brain that controls activity and thought.
2. Cerebellum is the part under the
cerebrum that
controls posture,
balance, and coordination.
3. Brain stem connects the brain to the
spinal cord and controls automatic
functions such as breathing, digestion, Figure 3. Parts of the brain
heart rate, and blood pressure.

B. Spinal cord serves as a channel for signal between the brain and the majority of the
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body parts, and controls some simple musculoskeletal reflexes even without the
processing of the brain.
II. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects the central nervous system to the
organs and limbs. It has two main divisions:
A. Somatic Nervous System is associated with the voluntary control of body
movements and has two main parts:
[Link] Nerves carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord
and the body.
[Link] Nerves are nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the
brain stem.
B. Autonomic Nervous System is associated with the involuntary control of
body movements and has two subdivisions:
[Link] Nervous System is activated when the body is in a
dynamic role or stress. (e.g., increased heart rate and breathing, dilation of pupil,
sweating)
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System maintains body functions and
restores the body to normal or relaxed mode.

The Nerve Cell

The nerve cell is the basic unit of the nervous system and it is also called as
neuron. There are billions of neurons in the body. Figure 4 shows the structure of a
nerve cell. A neuron has a cell body containing the nucleus. In the cell body there are
root-like structures called the dendrites and axons. Dendrites carry impulses toward the
cell body while axons carry impulses away from the cell body. The gap between neurons
is called synapse.

Figure 4: The parts of a neuron Figure 5: Synapse between 2 neurons

How Nervous System coordinates and regulates feedback mechanisms to

maintain homeostasis?
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 The nervous system provides quick responses in maintaining homeostasis.
Homeostasis is maintained in the body by regulating the body temperature, blood
pressure, pH, and glucose concentration.
The nervous system and endocrine system are working together to maintain
body’s homeostasis. Homeostasis is the state reached when each part of the body
functions in equilibrium with other parts. This is attained through the regulation of the
bodily functions by the endocrine and nervous systems.
Feedback mechanisms are used by most of body systems to maintain homeostasis.
When the brain receives messages from the body about an internal change in one of its
systems, it works to restore the system to its normal state. The hypothalamus affects the
pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, to secrete the right hormones. The
hormones will flow with the blood and reach the specific organs to restore the normal
state of the body or homeostasis. Molecules of hormones are received by receptors of
cells making this event a neuroendocrine coordination. The nerves that are found all
over the body allows the nervous system to monitor homeostasis of the body. While the
endocrine system helps by secreting hormones into the bloodstream and send them to
specific organs. The levels of hormones in the body are controlled by feedback. It is
important that the amount of hormones in our body is kept at the right level. To achieve
homeostasis, the nervous and endocrine systems work with each other to maintain a
normal range of many processes and substances in the body such as:
• Temperature of the body
• Amount of water in the body
• Amount of metabolic wastes in the cell
• Blood calcium level

Activity: Break It Down!

Objective: Identify the parts of the nervous system.
Procedure:
Using the given graphic organizer, fill in the missing parts to
complete the entire concept showing the structure of the nervous
system. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

Figure 6. Major Divisions of Nervous System

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II. Directions: Answer the following questions in 20-30 words. Use
a separate sheet of paper for this activity.

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Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between the central nervous system
(CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in terms of
their functions?

2. What might happen to the human body if one part of the

nervous system fails to carry out its function properly?

What I Have Learned

Great job! You are almost done with this module. Let’s
summarize what you have learned from the lesson and activities.

A. Directions: Supply the missing letters to spell the appropriate

concept referred to in the following items. Use a separate sheet
of paper and write only your answer.

1-2. These are the two major divisions of nervous system.

(C_N T R _ L and P E R _ P _ E _A _) Nervous System

3. It is associated with the voluntary control of body

movements that has two main parts- spinal and cranial
nerves. (S_ M _ T_ C) Nervous System
4. It is the basic unit of the nervous system. (N _ U _ O _ S)
5. It is any factor in the environment that may trigger a nerve impulse.
(S T _ M _ L _ S)

6-7. The main components of central nervous system are

(B _A _ N and S _ I N _ L C _ R _ )

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 8-10 .Brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and
controls automatic functions such as (B_ E A _ H I _ G, D
_ G _ S T _ O N,
H E A R T R A T E , A N D B _ O _ D P _ E _ S U _ E)

B. Directions: Complete the paragraph below by writing the correct

word. Choose your answer from the box provided. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your answer.

(11) have the special ability to carry signals or (12)

. A nerve impulse is an electrochemical signal moving
along an active neuron. A
(13) is any factor in the environment that influences
behavior. A
(14) is a reaction to a condition or stimulus. To survive, an
(15) must be able to respond to a stimulus.

Options:

Organism Impulses Environment

Neurons Stimulus Response

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C. Directions: Complete the paragraph below by writing the correct
word. Choose your answer from the box provided. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your answer.

The (16) system is the major control system to

maintain
(17) . It provides monitoring, response, and (18)
of all systems in the human body and other
organisms. It functions from the tiny level of individual cells to
affecting the whole body.
Constantly monitoring conditions and watching for
changes are done by the (19) inside and outside of the
body. When a body system leaves a set point and falls outside
its (20) range, signals are sent
through the nervous system which trigger (21)
to bring the system back into the normal
range of functioning. This process maintains homeostasis. For
example, thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the skin
sense changes in (22) and pressure,
respectively. Then, signals sent from them to the (23)
make it possible to detect situations that
could cause injury or death. Furthermore, nerves make
muscles contract which moves the (24) of the
skeleton, making it possible to evade predators. This ability to
perceive the environment and reacting to it is critical to
maintain homeostasis in the (25) .

Options:
Nervous Regulation Receptors Response
s
Endocrine Homeostasis Normal Brain
Body Temperature Bones

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Directions: Study each picture. Write the possible stimulus and
response in statement form in each drawing. Use separate sheet of
paper for your answer.

The example is given below.

Situation Stimulus Response

Example: Delicious aroma of the Salivation (active
cooked food. production of saliva)

1.

2.

3.

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 4.

5.

Images in this table are illustrated by: Queenie Joy V. Alcantara & Louella
C. Zacarias

Part II:

Directions: Read the passage below. Answer the questions that follow
in complete sentence. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Your sister asked a favor from you to buy art materials needed
in doing her project in Science subject. While going to market, you
smelled a barbecue being grilled and started to salivate. You realized
that you haven’t eaten your lunch, so you bought barbecue before
buying art materials.

1. What was the stimulus in this situation?

2. What was the response in this situation?

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 You were playing basketball in the school gym. After an
hour, you got tired and thirsty. Consequently, you ran to a store
and bought a bottle of water, then you looked for a shady and
cool place to relax.

3. What was the stimulus in this situation?

4. What was the response in this situation?

All organisms have ways of dealing with a changing

environment. Anything that provokes a response in an organism is
called a stimulus. Any response to a stimulus moves the organism
back to homeostasis in order to maintain a balanced, stable
condition that favors survival.

Very well done! You are now ready to have your posttest. You
may want to go over again the lessons and activities to review for
the final assessment. God bless yo

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How was the Assessment? What was your score? Congratulations if you
got 12 to 15 items correctly. If your score is below 12, you must review
the parts of the lesson that you did not understand well. You may also
ask your teacher/facilitator for further explanation on these parts.

Additional Activity

NOTE: Choose only one activity to do.

In a short coupon bond, create a poster, a poem or a comic
strip on how to take care of your nervous system. Below is the
rubric on how to rate your work.
Category 4 3 2 1
Content The poster, The poster, The poster, The poster,
poem, or comic poem, or poem, or poem, or
strip shows 7 comic strip comic strip comic strip
ways to take shows 5 ways shows 3 ways shows 1 way
care of nervous to take care to take care to take care
system. of nervous of nervous of nervous
system. system. system.

Attractivene The poster, The poster, The poster, The poster,

ss
poem or comic poem, or poem, or poem, or
strip is comic strip is comic strip is comic strip is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably abstract and
attractive in terms of attractive with very
terms of color, color, design, though it poor design.
design, layout, layout, and may be a bit It is not
and neatness. neatness. messy. attractive.
Clarity of The message of The output The output The output
Message the output is clearly shows indirectly does not
clear and some of the shows the sufficiently
compelling. messages and message and show the
is slightly is slightly message and
compelling. compelling. is not
compelling.
Timeliness The output is The output is The output is The output is
submitted on or submitted submitted submitted
before the given one day after two days three or more
due date. the given due after the days after
the
date. given due given due

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 date. date.

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