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Cell Structure and Function Overview

The document outlines the Cell Theory, stating that all living things are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life that arise from pre-existing cells. It details various organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and cell membrane. Additionally, it notes the differences between plant and animal cells and mentions the endosymbiotic theory related to mitochondria.

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19 views1 page

Cell Structure and Function Overview

The document outlines the Cell Theory, stating that all living things are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life that arise from pre-existing cells. It details various organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and cell membrane. Additionally, it notes the differences between plant and animal cells and mentions the endosymbiotic theory related to mitochondria.

Uploaded by

portholt
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Biology - Cell Structure and Function

Date: 01/13/2026

Cell Theory:
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Organelles:
- Nucleus: Control center; contains DNA; regulates gene expression.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration; produces ATP.
- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis; can be free-floating or attached to rough ER.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
- Rough ER - protein synthesis and processing.
- Smooth ER - lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
- Lysosomes: Digestive enzymes; breakdown of waste and macromolecules.
- Chloroplasts (plants only): Photosynthesis; converts sunlight into chemical energy.
- Cell Membrane: Phospholipid bilayer; selective permeability; signaling.

Notes/Reminders:
- Mitochondria have their own DNA -> supports endosymbiotic theory.
- Plant vs Animal cells: Plants have cell wall + chloroplasts; Animals have lysosomes more
prominent.

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