Q1.

Prated = 30 hp I L , rated = 110 A

V T = 240 V N F = 2700 turns per pole
n rated = 1800 r/min N SE = 14 turns per pole
R A = 0.19  R F = 75 
R S = 0.02  Radj = 100 to 400 

Rotational losses = 3550 W at full load

Magnetization curve is shown below.

Assuming no armature reaction, if the resistor

Radj is adjusted to 175  what is the rotational speed of
the motor at no-load conditions?
A1.

At no-load conditions, . The field current is given by

From Figure, this field current would produce an internal generated voltage
E Ao of 241 V at a speed

n o of 1200 r/min. Therefore, the speed n with a voltage of 240 V would be

Q2. For same values of Q1, what is the speed of the motor at full load? What is the speed regulation of the
motor?

A2.
At full load, the armature current is

The internal generated voltage is

The field current is the same as before, and there is no armature reaction, so is still 241 V at a speed
n o of 1200 r/min. Therefore,

The speed regulation is

 Radj is increased
Q3. For the same motor in Q1, if the motor is operating at full load and if its variable resistance
R
to 250 , what is the new speed of the motor? Compare the full-load speed of the motor with adj = 175  to
R
the full-load speed with adj = 250 . (Assume no armature reaction)

A3.

If is set to 250 , the field current is now

Since the motor is still at full load, is still 218.3 V. From the magnetization curve, the new field
current would produce a voltage of 212 V at a speed
n o of 1200 r/min. Therefore,

Q4. For the same motor given in Q1, assume that the motor is operating at full load and that the variable resistor
Radj is
175 . If the armature reaction is 1000 Aturns at full load, what is the speed of the motor?

A4.
The field current is again 0.96 A, and the motor is again at full load conditions. However, this time
there is an armature reaction of 1200 Aturns, and the effective field current is

From Figure P9-1, this field current would produce an internal generated voltage of 185 V at a
n
speed o of 1200 r/min. The actual internal generated voltage E A at these conditions is

Therefore, the speed n with a voltage of 240 V would be

Q5.
R
As adj can be adjusted from 100 to 400 , what are the maximum and minimum no-load speeds
possible with this motor?

A5.

The minimum speed will occur when = 100 , and the maximum speed will occur when = 400 . The
field current when = 100  is:

From Figure P9-1, this field current would produce an internal generated voltage of 271.5 V at a speed of
1200 r/min. Therefore, the speed n with a voltage of 240 V would be

The field current when = 400  is:

From Figure P8-1, this field current would produce an internal generated voltage of 167 V at a speed of
1200 r/min. Therefore, the speed n with a voltage of 240 V would be

Q6. What is the starting current of this machine if it is started by connecting it directly to the power supply V T ?
How does this starting current compare to the full-load current of the motor?

A6. The starting current of this machine (ignoring the small field current) is

The rated current is 110 A, so the starting current is 11.5 times greater than the full-load current. This
much current is extremely likely to damage the motor
Q7. Equivalent circuit of a separately excited motor is given below. Motor has a fixed field voltage V F of 240 V
and an armature voltage V A that can be varied from 120 to 240 V.

What is the no-load speed of this separately excited motor when

Radj = 175  and
(a) V A = 120 V, (b) V A = 180 V, (c) V A = 240 V?
A7.

At no-load conditions, . The field current is given by

From Magnetization Curve, this field current would produce an internal generated voltage of 241 V at a
speed of 1200 r/min. Therefore, the speed n with a voltage of 240 V would be

(a) If = 120 V, then = 120 V, and

(b) If = 180 V, then = 180 V, and

(c) If = 240 V, then = 240 V, and

Q8.
For the separately excited motor of Q7:

(a) What is the maximum no-load speed attainable by varying both V A and
Radj ?

(b) What is the minimum no-load speed attainable by varying both V A and
Radj ?

A8.

(a) The maximum speed will occur with the maximum and the maximum

. The field current when = 400  is:

From Magnetization Curve, this field current would produce an internal generated voltage of
167 V at a speed of 1200 r/min. At no-load conditions, the maximum internal generated
voltage = 240 V. Therefore, the speed n with a voltage of 240 V would be

(b) The minimum speed will occur with the minimum and the minimum . The field current
when = 100  is:

From Magnetization Curve, this field current would produce an internal generated voltage of
271 V at a speed of 1200 r/min. At no-load conditions, the minimum internal generated voltage
= 120 V. Therefore, the speed n with a voltage of 120 V would be
Q9.
A 7.5-hp 120-V series dc motor has an armature resistance of 0.1  and a series field resistance of 0.08
. At full load, the current input is 56 A, and the rated speed is 1050 r/min. Its magnetization curve is
shown in Figure P8-5 below. The core losses are 220 W, and the mechanical losses are 230 W at full
load. Assume that the mechanical losses vary as the cube of the speed of the motor and that the core
losses are constant.
(a) What is the efficiency of the motor at full load?
(b) What are the speed and efficiency of the motor if it is operating at an armature current of 40 A?

A9. (a) The output power of this motor at full load is

The input power is

Therefore the efficiency is

(b) If the armature current is 40 A, then the input power to the motor will be

The internal generated voltage at this condition is

and the internal generated voltage at rated conditions is

The final speed is given by the equation

since the ratio is the same as the ratio . Therefore, the final speed is

From Figure P8-5, the internal generated voltage for a current of 40 A and a speed of =
1200 r/min is = 120 V, and the internal generated voltage for a current of 56 A and a
speed of = 1200 r/min is = 133 V.

The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is

The core losses in the motor are 220 W, and the mechanical losses in the motor are 230 W at a
speed of 1050 r/min. The mechanical losses in the motor scale proportionally to the cube of the
rotational speed so the mechanical losses at 1326 r/min are

Therefore, the output power is

and the efficiency is

Q10.
A 20-hp 240-V 76-A 900 r/min series motor has a field winding of 33 turns per pole. Its armature
resistance is 0.09 , and its field resistance is 0.06 . The magnetization curve expressed in terms of
magnetomotive force versus EA at 900 r/min is given by the following table:

EA , V 95 150 188 212 229 243

F , A⋅turns 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Armature reaction is negligible in this machine. Compute the motor’s torque, speed, and output power at
33, 67, 100, and 133 percent of full-load armature current. (Neglect rotational losses.)

A10.

If I A = 23.3 A, then

The magnetomotive force is , which produces a voltage

of 134 V at = 900 r/min. Therefore the speed of the motor at these conditions is

The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is

Since the rotational losses are ignored, this is also the output power of the motor. The induced
torque is

If = 50.7 A, then

The magnetomotive force is , which produces a voltage

of 197 V at = 900 r/min. Therefore the speed of the motor at these conditions is

The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is

Since the rotational losses are ignored, this is also the output power of the motor. The induced
torque is
If = 76 A, then

The magnetomotive force is , which produces a voltage

of 229 V at = 900 r/min. Therefore the speed of the motor at these conditions is

The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is

Since the rotational losses are ignored, this is also the output power of the motor. The induced
torque is

If = 101.3 A, then

The magnetomotive force is , which produces a

voltage of 252 V at = 900 r/min. Therefore the speed of the motor at these conditions is

The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is

Since the rotational losses are ignored, this is also the output power of the motor. The induced
torque is
Q11.
A 300-hp 440-V 560-A, 863 r/min shunt dc motor has been tested, and the following data were taken:
Blocked-rotor test:
V F =440 V
I A =500 A
No-load operation:

I A =23 . 1 A n=863 r/min

What is this motor’s efficiency at the rated conditions? [Note: Assume that (1) the brush voltage drop is
2 V; (2) the core loss is to be determined at an armature voltage equal to the armature voltage under full
load; and (3) stray load losses are 1 percent of full load.]
A11.
The armature resistance of this motor is

Under no-load conditions, the core and mechanical losses taken together (that is, the rotational losses)
E I
of this motor are equal to the product of the internal generated voltage A and the armature current A ,
since this is no output power from the motor at no-load conditions. Therefore, the rotational losses at
rated speed can be found as

The input power to the motor at full load is

The output power from the motor at full load is

The copper losses are

The brush losses are

Therefore,

The motor’s efficiency at full load is

Q12.
240-V 100-A dc motor which has both shunt and series windings. Its characteristics are given below:

R A = 0.14  N F = 1500 turns

R S = 0.05  N SE = 15 turns
R F = 200  n m = 3000 r/min
Radj = 0 to 300 , currently set to 120 

This motor has compensating windings and interpoles. Magnetization curve for this motor at 3000 r/min is

The motor described above is connected in shunt.

(a) What is the no-load speed of this motor when

Radj = 120 ?
(b) What is its full-load speed?
(c) What is its speed regulation?

(d) Under no-load conditions, what range of possible speeds can be achieved by adjusting
Radj ?
A12.

(a) If = 120 , the total field resistance is 320 , and the resulting field current is

This field current would produce a voltage of 245 V at a speed of

n o = 3000 r/min. The actual
E A is 240 V, so the actual speed will be

(b) At full load, , and

Therefore, the speed at full load will be

(c) The speed regulation of this motor is

(d) If is maximum at no-load conditions, the total resistance is 500 , and

This field current would produce a voltage of 195 V at a speed of

no = 3000 r/min. The actual is 240 V,
so the actual speed will be

If
Radj is minimum at no-load conditions, the total resistance is 200 , and

This field current would produce a voltage of 282 V at a speed of

no = 3000 r/min. The actual is 240 V,
so the actual speed will be
Q13.

The machine in Q12, is now connected as a cumulatively compounded dc motor with

Radj = 120 .
(a) What is the no-load speed of this motor?
(b) What is its full-load speed?
(c) What is its speed regulation?

A13.
(a) The field current will be

At no load, , and

and the effective field current will be

This field current would produce a voltage

E Ao of 245 V at a speed of n o = 3000 r/min. The
actual
E A is 240 V, so the actual speed at full load will be

(b) The field current will be

At full load, , and

and the effective field current will be

This field current would produce a voltage

E Ao of 292 V at a speed of n o = 3000 r/min. The
actual
E A is 240 V, so the actual speed at full load will be

(c) The speed regulation of this motor is

Q14.
An automatic starter circuit is to be designed for a shunt motor rated at 20 hp, 240 V, and 75 A. The
armature resistance of the motor is 0.12 , and the shunt field resistance is 40 . The motor is to start
with no more than 250 percent of its rated armature current, and as soon as the current falls to rated
value, a starting resistor stage is to be cut out. How many stages of starting resistance are needed, and
how big should each one be?

A14.

The rated line current of this motor is 75 A, and the rated armature current is = 75 A – 6 A =
69 A. The maximum desired starting current is (2.5)(69 A) = 172.5 A. Therefore, the total initial
starting resistance must be

The current will fall to rated value when rises to

At that time, we want to cut out enough resistance to get the current back up to 172.5 A. Therefore,

With this resistance in the circuit, the current will fall to rated value when
E A rises to

At that time, we want to cut out enough resistance to get the current back up to 172.5 A. Therefore,

With this resistance in the circuit, the current will fall to rated value when
E A rises to

If the resistance is cut out when reaches 224,6 V, the resulting current is

,
so there are only three stages of starting resistance. The three stages of starting resistance can be found
from the resistance in the circuit at each state during starting.

Therefore, the starting resistances are

Q15.
A 10-hp 120-V 1000 r/min shunt dc motor has a full-load armature current of 70 A when operating at
rated conditions. The armature resistance of the motor is R A = 0.12 , and the field resistance R F is 40
R
. The adjustable resistance in the field circuit adj may be varied over the range from 0 to 200  and
is currently set to 100 . Armature reaction may be ignored in this machine. The magnetization curve
for this motor, taken at a speed of 1000 r/min, is given in the following table:

EA , V 5 78 95 112 118 126 130

IF , A 0.00 0.80 1.00 1.28 1.44 2.88 4.00

(a) What is the speed of this motor when it is running at the rated conditions specified above?
(b) The output power from the motor is 10 hp at rated conditions. What is the output torque of the
motor?
(c) What are the copper losses and rotational losses in the motor at full load (ignore stray losses)?
(d) What is the efficiency of the motor at full load?
R
(e) If the motor is now unloaded with no changes in terminal voltage or adj , what is the no-load speed
of the motor?
(f) Suppose that the motor is running at the no-load conditions described in part (e). What would
happen to the motor if its field circuit were to open? Ignoring armature reaction, what would the
final steady-state speed of the motor be under those conditions?
(g) What range of no-load speeds is possible in this motor, given the range of field resistance
adjustments available with
Radj ?

A15.

(a) If = 100 , the total field resistance is 140 , and the resulting field current is

This field current would produce a voltage of 82.8 V at a speed of = 1000 r/min. The actual is

so the actual speed will be

(b) The output power is 10 hp and the output speed is 1000 r/min at rated conditions, therefore, the torque is
(c) The copper losses are

The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is

The output power is

Therefore, the rotational losses are

(d) The input power to this motor is

Therefore, the efficiency is

(e) The no-load will be 120 V, so the no-load speed will be

(f)
φ
If the field circuit opens, the field current would go to zero  φ drops to res      n
to a very high speed. If = 0 A, = 8.5 V at 1800 r/min, so

(In reality, the motor speed would be limited by rotational losses, or else the motor will destroy itself first.)

(g) The maximum value of = 200 , so

This field current would produce a voltage

E Ao of 50.6 V at a speed of
no = 1000 r/min. The actual is
120 V, so the actual speed will be

The minimum value of = 0 , so

This field current would produce a voltage
E Ao of about 126.4 V at a speed of
no = 1000 r/min. The
actual is 120 V, so the actual speed will be
Q16.
The magnetization curve for a separately excited dc generator is given below. The generator is rated at
6 kW, 120 V, 50 A, and 1800 r/min and is shown below. Its field circuit is rated at 5A. Assuming no
armature reaction, the following data are known about the machine:
R A =0 .18 Ω V F =120 V

N F =1000 turns per pole

(a) If this generator is operating at no load, what is the range of voltage adjustments that can be
achieved by changing
Radj ?
(b) If the field rheostat is allowed to vary from 0 to 30  and the generator’s speed is allowed to vary from 1500
to 2000 r/min, what are the maximum and minimum no-load voltages in the generator?
(c) If the armature current is 50 A, the speed of the generator is 1700 r/min, and the terminal voltage is 106 V,
how much field current must be flowing in the generator?
A16.
(a) If the generator is operating with no load at 1800 r/min, then the terminal voltage will equal the
internal generated voltage
E A . The maximum possible field current occurs when Radj = 0 . The
current is

From the magnetization curve, the voltage at 1800 r/min is 135 V. Since the actual speed is
1800 r/min, the maximum no-load voltage is 135 V.

The minimum possible field current occurs when = 40 . The current is

From the magnetization curve, the voltage at 1800 r/min is 79.5 V. Since the actual speed is
1800 r/min, the minimum no-load voltage is 79.5 V.
(b) The maximum voltage will occur at the highest current and speed, and the minimum voltage will
occur at the lowest current and speed. The maximum possible field current occurs when =0
. The current is

From the magnetization curve, the voltage at 1800 r/min is 135 V. Since the actual speed is
2000 r/min, the maximum no-load voltage is

The minimum possible field current occurs and minimum speed and field current. The maximum
adjustable resistance is = 30 . The current is

From the magnetization curve, the voltage at 1800 r/min is 93.1 V. Since the actual speed is
1500 r/min, the maximum no-load voltage is
 (c)
The internal generated voltage of this generator is

at a speed of 1700 r/min. This corresponds to an at 1800 r/min of

From the magnetization curve, this value of requires a field current of 4.2 A.

Q17.
Assuming that the generator in previous question has an armature reaction at full load equivalent to 400
Aturns of magnetomotive force, what will the terminal voltage of the generator be when I F = 5 A, n m
= 1700 r/min, and I A = 50 A?

A17.

When is 5 A and the armature current is 50 A, the magnetomotive force in the generator is

or

The equivalent internal generated voltage of the generator at 1800 r/min would be 126 V. The
actual voltage at 1700 r/min would be

Therefore, the terminal voltage would be

Q18.
A three-phase synchronous machine is mechanically connected to a shunt dc machine, forming a motor-
generator set, as shown below. The dc machine is connected to a dc power system supplying a constant
240 V, and the ac machine is connected to a 480-V 60-Hz infinite bus.
The dc machine has four poles and is rated at 50 kW and 240 V. It has a per-unit armature resistance of
0.03. The ac machine has four poles and is Y-connected. It is rated at 50 kVA, 480 V, and 0.8 PF, and
its saturated synchronous reactance is 3.0  per phase.
All losses except the dc machine’s armature resistance may be neglected in this problem. Assume that
the magnetization curves of both machines are linear.

(a) Initially, the ac machine is supplying 50 kVA at 0.8 PF lagging to the ac power system.
1. How much power is being supplied to the dc motor from the dc power system?
2. How large is the internal generated voltage of the dc machine?
3. How large is the internal generated voltage of the ac machine?
(b) The field current in the ac machine is now increased by 5 percent. What effect does this change
have on the real power supplied by the motor-generator set? On the reactive power supplied by the
motor-generator set? Calculate the real and reactive power supplied or consumed by the ac
machine under these conditions. Sketch the ac machine’s phasor diagram before and after the
change in field current.
(c) Starting from the conditions in part (b), the field current in the dc machine is now decreased by 1
percent. What effect does this change have on the real power supplied by the motor-generator set?
On the reactive power supplied by the motor-generator set? Calculate the real and reactive power
supplied or consumed by the ac machine under these conditions. Sketch the ac machine’s phasor
diagram before and after the change in the dc machine’s field current.
(d) From the above results, answer the following questions:
1. How can the real power flow through an ac-dc motor-generator set be controlled?
2. How can the reactive power supplied or consumed by the ac machine be controlled without
affecting the real power flow?
A18.
(a) The power supplied by the ac machine to the ac power system is

and the reactive power supplied by the ac machine to the ac power system is

The power out of the dc motor is thus 40 kW. This is also the power converted from electrical to
mechanical form in the dc machine, since all other losses are neglected. Therefore,

The base resistance of the dc machine is

Therefore, the actual armature resistance is

Continuing to solve the equation for , we get

Multiplying by -1 and rearranging terms produces

and .

Therefore, the power into the dc machine is , while the power converted from
electrical to mechanical form (which is equal to the output power) is
. The internal generated voltage of the dc machine is 234.6
V.
The armature current in the ac machine is

Therefore, the internal generated voltage of the ac machine is

(b) When the field current of the ac machine is increased by 5%, it has no effect on the real power
supplied by the motor-generator set. This fact is true because , and the speed is constant
(since the MG set is tied to an infinite bus). With the speed unchanged, the dc machine’s torque is
unchanged, so the total power supplied to the ac machine’s shaft is unchanged.

If the field current is increased by 5% and the OCC of the ac machine is linear, increases to

The new torque angle  can be found from the fact that since the terminal voltage and power of the
ac machine are constant, the quantity must be constant.

Therefore, the armature current will be

The resulting reactive power is

The reactive power supplied to the ac power system will be 36.8 kvar, compared to 30 kvar before
the ac machine field current was increased. The phasor diagram illustrating this change is shown
below.

(c) If the dc field current is decreased by 1%, the dc machine’s flux will decrease by 1%. The internal
generated voltage in the dc machine is given by the equation , and  is held constant by
the infinite bus attached to the ac machine. Therefore, on the dc machine will decrease to
(0.99)(234.6 V) = 232.25 V. The resulting armature current is

The power into the dc motor is now (240 V)(244.5 A) = 58.7 kW, and the power converted from
electrical to mechanical form in the dc machine is (232.5 V)(244.5 A) = 56.8 kW. This is also the
output power of the dc machine, the input power of the ac machine, and the output power of the ac
machine, since losses are being neglected.
The torque angle of the ac machine now can be found from the equation
 The new
E A of this machine is thus , and the resulting armature current is

The real and reactive powers are now

The phasor diagram of the ac machine before and after the change in dc machine field current is
shown below.

(d) The real power flow through an ac-dc motor-generator set can be controlled by adjusting the field
current of the dc machine. (Note that changes in power flow also have some effect on the reactive
power of the ac machine: in this problem, Q dropped from 36.8 kvar to 22 kvar when the real
power flow was adjusted.)
The reactive power flow in the ac machine of the MG set can be adjusted by adjusting the ac
machine’s field current. This adjustment has basically no effect on the real power flow through the
MG set.