Notes : Python Matplotlib Commands

Course Name : Data Analytics with Python

Content Provider : Data Science Lovers

MATPLOTLIB COMMANDS

1. import [Link] as plt # To import matplotlib library.

2. %matplotlib inline # To show the plots automatically without need to enter [Link]( ).

3. from matplotlib import style , [Link](“ggplot”) # For style purpose.

4. [Link]([‘name’],loc= ‘upper left’ /1/2/3/4, title=’legend title ) # To show the labels of the lines.

5. [Link](True, color = ‘ ’) # To show the grid.

6. [Link]([ ] ,rotation='vertical'/90,size=10, color=’red’) , [Link]([Link](0,20,2), [ ])

#To shows the ticks on x-axis and y-axis.

7. [Link](‘Year’) , [Link](‘Sales’) # To show the labels on x-axis and y-axis.

8. [Link](‘Year Sales Diagram’, fontsize=24) # To show the title on the graph.

9. [Link]().get_xaxis().set_visible(False) # To remove the x-axis.

10. [Link]().get_yaxis().set_visible(False) # To remove the y-axis.

11. [Link](100) , [Link](20) # To set the starting point of graph, x=100 & y=20.

12. [Link](figsize=(10, 20)) ; [Link][‘[Link]’]=(18,20) ; [Link]( ).add_axes([0,0,2,1])

# To adjust the figure size.

13. [Link]('plot_name.png', bbox_inches='tight', format= ‘pdf’) # To save the graph plot.

14. [Link]['[Link]'] = ':' # To change the line style of graph.

15. [Link](kind= ‘optional’ ) # To draw a plot of all columns at once.

16. Line Plot - [Link]( x-elements, y-elements , ‘bo-’)

# Line graphs are used to show value of some items over time.

[Link]( df[‘Year’] , df[‘Sales’] ) , [Link]( [1,2,3,4], [21,34,56,39] ) ,

[Link]( a, b, color=‘g’, linewidth=2 , makersize = 10)

‘bo-’ → b = blue color , o = marker (*,.+sd) , - = Draws line

17. Bar Plot - [Link]( x-elements, y-elements )

# For Categorical Data….Bar graphs are used to make comparison between different categories.

[Link]( x , y , color = ‘bkgrc’ , label= ‘New’ , width = 0.7 ),

[Link](stacked=True)

18. Horizontal Bar Chart - [Link]( x-elements, y-elements )

# Bars will raise from x-value and goes up-to y values. [Link](stacked=True)

19. Scatter Plot - [Link]( x-elements, y-elements , color = ‘r’, s = 20 , edgecolor= ‘red’ . style='*-')

# It shows data as a collection of points. Predictor(Indep.) on x-axis & Target(Dep.) on y-axis.

20. Bubble Plot - [Link]( x-elements, y-elements , color = [Link](length of

column) , s = 20 , edgecolor= ‘red’ . style='*-')

# Same as scatter plot.

21. Histogram - [Link](data, bins= , color = ‘ ’ , rwidth = )

# Show frequency of data divided into intervals. It tends to show the distribution by grouping segments
together.

22. Stack Plot - [Link]( list1, list2, list3, list4 , color = ‘mcbr’ )

# It is generated by plotting different datasets vertically on top of one another.

23. Pie Chart - [Link](slices, labels= activities, colors = ‘bryg’, startangle= ,
shadow=True, explode=(0,0,0.1,0.2), autopct= ‘%1.1f%%’, pctdistance=0.75 ) .
Slices = [12,15,20,10] , activities = [‘eating’, ‘ sleeping’ , ‘working’, ‘playing’].

# Explode – To cut the slices out.

# Autopct – To show the % on the chart using string format.
# pctdistance – Distance of % from center
# Compare parts of data to the whole.

It shows the size of items(wedges) in one data series proportional to the sum of the items.

24. Box Plot - [Link]( ) , [Link](x='Cat_col' , y='Num_col', data=df,

showmean=True, vert=True/False, sym=’+/*’, meanline=True)

- This graph represents the min, max, median, first quartile & third quartile in the dataset.
- It shows how well distributed the data is in a dataset.
- In box plot, a box is plotted from Ist quartile to IIIrd quartile, a vertical line also goes through median.
‘showmeans=True’ indicates the mean point. ‘vert=True/False’ to show horizontal plot. ‘sym’ to change
outlier sign. ‘meanline=True’ to show the mean line.

25. Heat Map - [Link](df, cmap=‘RdBu’) , [Link]( )

- The darker shades of the chart represent higher values than the lighter shade.

26. 3D Charts

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d # To add a subplot to an existing 2d plot.

chart = [Link]()
chart3d = chart.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Create some test data

x,y,z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.08)

# Plot a wireframe
chart3d.plot_wireframe(x,y,z, color='r', rstride=15, cstride=10)
[Link]()
27. SubPlot – To draw multiple plots in one figure.

Syntax : [Link](no._of_rows, no._of_columns, index_number)

28. Graph from Pandas directly :

[Link]( x = ‘Year’, y = ‘Sales’ , kind = “ line/scatter/box/area/stack/pie/bar”, figsize = (25,4),

color=['red', 'black', 'green', 'yellow', 'orange'] ).

df.Col_name.plot(style='*-' , figsize = (25,4)

- Pandas can make graphs by calling plot directly from the DF (using [Link]( ) ).
- Plots can be called by defining plot kinds.

29. Time Series Plot - [Link]( ) , where x = df.datetime_index , y = [Link]

30. Plotting two sets of data : [Link](x-elements1 , y-elements1) , [Link](x-elements2, y-elements2)

31. plt.fill_between(x-elements1, y-elements1, y-elements2, facecolor='green', alpha=1.5)

# Filling the space between datasets.
32. To draw the month/year wise sales on graph –

months = range(1,13) , [Link]( months , [Link](‘month/year_col’).sum( ) )

33. To check the relationship between two columns :

[Link]( x = ‘Col_1’ , y = ‘Col_2’ , data = df_name )

[Link]( x = ‘Col_1’ , y = ‘Col_2’ , hue = ‘Col_3’ , data = df_name , kind = ‘line’ , height = 5 , aspect
=3)

[Link](x = ‘Col_1’ , y = 'Col_2’ , data = df_name )

34. [Link](df_name) - It shows the relationship between all the columns with each other (correlation).

35. df.Col_name.plot( kind = ‘ ’) – To draw a plot between the indexes and a column.
[Link]( )

36. [Link](df.Col_name) # To show the value-counts in the form of bar graph.

37. To draw a Sine Wave Plot

x = [Link](0, 3 * [Link] , 0.1)

y = [Link](x)
[Link](x,y)

38. Adding Annotations ( Naming on plot sheet wrt to points )

[Link](xy=[2,1] , s = ‘first annotation at x=2 & y=1’)

[Link](xy=[4,6] , s = ‘second annotation at x=4 & y=6’)

39. To draw multiple lines on one graph

[Link](x,y, marker='o', color='g'),

[Link](x,z , marker='*', color='red')

[Link](x,t , marker='.', color='black')

40. To draw Linear Regression Graph

import seaborn as sns

[Link]( x = df.Col_x , y = df.Col_y ) ; # To see the correlation between two variables.

41. To draw Residual Plot # It represents the error between the actual values.

[Link]( df.Col_x , df.Col_y)

42. To draw Distribution Plot # It counts the predicted value versus the actual value.

ax1 = [Link]( df.Col_y , hist=False , color= ‘r’, label= ‘Actual Value’)

[Link]( yhat , hist=False , color= ‘b’ , label= ‘Fitted Values’ , ax = ax1 )

43. Pearson Correlation Heatmap : [Link]([Link]( ) , vmin=-1, vmax=1, center=0 )

44. To draw the Normal Distribution curve –

mu = 0.5 , sigma = 0.1
s = [Link](mu , sigma , 1000)

# Create the bins & histogram

count , bins , ignored = [Link](s , 20 , density = True)

# Plot the distribution curve

[Link](bins , 1/(sigma*[Link](2*[Link])) *
[Link]( - (bins - mu)**2 / (2*sigma**2)) , linewidth = 3, color = 'y')
[Link]()

45. To draw Binomial Distribution curve –

from [Link] import binom , import seaborn as sns

[Link](size=10, n=20 , p=0.8)

data_binom = [Link](n=20 , p=0.8, loc=0, size=1000)

ax = [Link](data_binom,
kde=True,
color='blue',
hist_kws={"linewidth":25 , 'alpha':1})

[Link](xlabel = 'Binomial' , ylabel = 'Frequency')

[Link]( )
46. To draw Poisson Distribution

from [Link] import poisson , import seaborn as sns

data_binom = [Link](mu=4, size=10000)

ax = [Link](data_binom,
kde=True,
color='r',
hist_kws = {'linewidth':25, 'alpha':1})

[Link](xlabel = 'Position' , ylabel='Frequency')

[Link]( )

47. To draw Bernoulli Distribution

from [Link] import Bernoulli , import seaborn as sns

data_bern = [Link](size=100, p=0.6)

ax = [Link](data_bern,
kde = True,
color='c',
hist_kws={'linewidth':25, 'alpha':1})

[Link](xlabel='Bernoulli', ylabel='Frequency')

[Link]( )

48. To draw a Chi-Square Distribution

from scipy import stats , import numpy as np

x = [Link](0, 10, 100)

fix, ax = [Link](1,1)

linestyles = [':','--','-.','-']

deg_of_freedom = [1,4,7,6]

for df, ls in zip(deg_of_freedom, linestyles):

 [Link](x, [Link](x, df), linestyle=ls)

[Link](0, 10) , [Link](0, 0.4)

[Link]('Value') , [Link]('Frequency') , [Link]('Chi-Square Distribution')

[Link]()

49. Insert Image in Jupyter Notebook -- Convert the Cell to MarkDown > Edit Tab > Insert Image > Run

By – ROHIT GREWAL