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Arduino Basics: Construction & Voltage Flow

Arduino is an open-source microcontroller development board commonly used in electronics, robotics, and IoT projects, with the Arduino UNO being a popular model. Its construction includes components like the ATmega328P microcontroller, power supply section, and various input/output pins. The working involves power supply input, voltage regulation, code execution, and interaction with connected devices, with specific details on current and voltage flow provided.

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18 views2 pages

Arduino Basics: Construction & Voltage Flow

Arduino is an open-source microcontroller development board commonly used in electronics, robotics, and IoT projects, with the Arduino UNO being a popular model. Its construction includes components like the ATmega328P microcontroller, power supply section, and various input/output pins. The working involves power supply input, voltage regulation, code execution, and interaction with connected devices, with specific details on current and voltage flow provided.

Uploaded by

bheeshamamrani
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arduino: Construction, Working, and Current/Voltage Flow

1. What is Arduino?
- Arduino is an open-source microcontroller development board.
- It is widely used for electronics, robotics, and IoT projects.
- Common model: Arduino UNO (based on ATmega328P).

2. Construction of Arduino
1. Microcontroller (ATmega328P) – Central chip.
2. Power Supply Section – USB, DC Jack, Voltage Regulator.
3. Digital I/O Pins (0–13) – Sensors, LEDs, motors.
4. Analog Pins (A0–A5) – Sensor readings.
5. PWM Pins (~) – Analog-like output.
6. Crystal Oscillator (16 MHz).
7. USB-to-Serial Converter.
8. Reset Button.

3. Working of Arduino
1. Power Supply Input → Arduino gets 5V (USB) or 7–12V (adapter).
2. Voltage Regulation → Ensures safe 5V & 3.3V.
3. Code Upload → User uploads program via Arduino IDE.
4. Microcontroller Execution → Runs instructions step-by-step.
5. I/O Interaction → Reads inputs, processes, and gives outputs.

4. Current & Voltage Flow


- Voltage Flow:
• Input: 5V (USB) or 7–12V (adapter).
• Regulator maintains stable 5V & 3.3V.
• Distributed to microcontroller and pins.

- Current Flow:
• ~40 mA per I/O pin.
• ~500 mA max via USB.
• ~1A with external adapter.
• Current path: Vcc → Load → GND.
5. Diagram of Arduino Current/Voltage Flow

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