DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE,

UTTARAKHAND

[Link]. (IV YEAR) PROJECT (2023-24)

SUBJECT CODE: P CEN 400A, 2025-2026

Multidisciplinary Assessment and Design of a Greenfield Highway

Corridor between Delhi and Dehradun
Design a section of a new 6-lane Greenfield National Highway connecting Delhi to
Dehradun, running from Chainage 0+000 to 50+700. The highway intersects several existing
State Highways (SH), and at these junctions, grade-separated trumpet interchanges are to be
designed to ensure smooth vehicular flow between the two corridors. Each batch will be
assigned a specific chainage location along this stretch and will work on the planning and
design of an interchange located at that chainage.

You are required to design a grade-separated trumpet interchange at the assigned chainage
location, where the Greenfield National Highway (NH) intersects an existing State Highway
(SH). This junction is vital for linking agricultural, industrial, and rural catchments to the
national highway corridor. Your design should prioritize uninterrupted, safe, and efficient
movement for all turning movements. In addition to the interchange, you are required to
identify and design culverts or minor bridges at your assigned location based on the given
catchment area and terrain conditions. These drainage structures should be hydraulically and
structurally sound, complying with IRC standards, and must integrate seamlessly with the
geometric profile and environmental constraints of the interchange design.

The design should include:

●​ Identifying given ramp configurations (loop and direct connectors)

●​ Determining movement patterns for full-directional flow (without signalization)
●​ Capacity and LOS checks for each ramp based on traffic volumes
●​ Horizontal alignment of ramps: radius, transition curves, super-elevation
●​ Vertical profiles for each ramp ensure grade and clearance requirements
●​ Acceleration/deceleration lanes, merging/diverging zones
●​ Sight distance checks at ramp exits and conflict points
 ●​ Cross-sectional detailing of ramps and mainline
●​ Retaining structure suggestions if slopes/cuts are steep
●​ Optimize footprint within ROW limits, minimizing earthwork volume
●​ Incorporate highway safety features in the design, including the provision of crash
barriers, signage, lane marking, and delineation in accordance with IRC:119 and
MoRTH guidelines. All designs should comply with access-controlled expressway
norms.

For the purpose of design, it is assumed that the main carriageway accommodates 60% of
the total traffic, while the remaining 40% is distributed across ramps, loops, service roads,
and connecting roads. Based on this distribution, you are required to assume appropriate
turning movement percentages at the interchange and calculate the design
parameters—including capacity, Level of Service (LOS), ramp geometrics,
acceleration/deceleration lengths, and pavement thicknesses—for each component
accordingly.

Geogrid reinforcement has been incorporated in the WMM layer for flexible pavement
designs. The pavement layer composition for each section is shown in Table 1, and
Improvement Factors (IMF) for different geogrid types are detailed in Table 2.

All batches are additionally required to design a rigid pavement section located between
Chainage 45+100 to 50+700, based on the following inputs: Design Traffic is 180 MSA. The
pavement composition, reinforcement details, and axle load spectrum necessary for the
design are provided in Tables 1 and 3. The batch-wise axle load & traffic characteristics are
listed in Table 4. The Pavement layout and generalized ramp configurations are illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2.

All batches are required to investigate the slope stability of the road embankment based on
the minimum embankment height assigned to them and the additional geotechnical details
provided in Table 5. The analysis should evaluate the factor of safety under both drained and
undrained conditions and recommend stabilization measures if required. The parameters are
as follows: Embankment Height (H), Slope Ratio (H:V), Unit Weight of Embankment Fill
(γ1), Cohesion of Embankment Fill (c1), Angle of Internal Friction of Fill (φ1), Unit Weight
of Foundation Soil (γ2), Cohesion of Foundation Soil (c2), Angle of Internal Friction of
Foundation Soil (φ2), and Coefficient of Permeability (k).
 Table 1: Pavement Layers at Different Sections (All Batches)

Section [Link] Layer Composition

1 Bituminous (BC+DBM)
Main Carriage Way &
2 WMM with Geogrid
Service
3 Granular Sub-Base (GSB)
Road
4 Subgrade
1 Bituminous (BC+DBM)
Service 2 WMM with Geogrid
Road 3 Granular Sub-Base (GSB)
4 Subgrade
1 Bituminous (BC+DBM)
2 WMM with Geogrid
Ramps
3 Granular Sub-Base (GSB)
4 Subgrade
1 Pavement Quality concrete (PQC)
2 Debonding Polythene Sheet
Rigid Pavement
3 Dry Lean Concrete (DLC)
4 Granular Sub Base (GSB)

Table 2: MIF Values for Geogrids (All Batches)

CBR % Geogrid Type MIF

PP3030 1.85
3 PET4040 2
PET8080 2.2
PP3030 1.7
5 PET4040 1.8 PP: Polypropylene
PET: Polyester
PET8080 2
MIF: Modulus
PP3030 1.6 Improvement Factor
7 PET4040 1.7
PET8080 1.9
PP3030 1.6
≥10 PET4040 1.7
PET8080 1.9

Table 3 Axle Load Spectrum Data (All Batches)

Rear Single Axle Rear Tandem Axle Rear Tridem Axle

Load Load Load
Mid- Frequency Mid- Frequency Mid- Frequency
Group Group Group
Point (%) Point (%) Point (%)
(kN) (kN) (kN)
265-2 540-5 770-8
270 0 550 0 785 0
75 60 0
255-2 520-5 740-7
260 0 530 0 755 0
65 40 70
245-2 500-5 710-7
250 0 510 0 725 0
55 20 40
235-2 480-5 680-7
240 0 490 0 695 0
45 00 10
225-2 460-4 650-6
230 0 470 0 665 0
35 80 80
215-2 440-4 620-6
220 0 450 0 635 0
25 60 50
205-2 420-4 590-6
210 0 430 0 605 0
15 40 20
195-2 400-4 560-5
200 0 410 0 575 0
05 20 90
185-1 380 - 530-5
190 0 390 0 545 0
95 400 60
175-1 360 - 500-5
180 0 370 0 515 0
85 380 30
165-1 340 - 470-5
170 0.35 350 1.43 485 0
75 360 00
155-1 320 - 440-4
160 0.7 330 5.71 455 0
65 340 70
145-1 300 - 410-4
150 3.17 310 11.43 425 0
55 320 40
135-1 280 - 380-4
140 2.82 290 8.57 395 0
45 300 10
125-1 260 - 350-3
130 2.46 270 8.57 365 4.76
35 280 80
115-1 240 - 320-3
120 1.41 250 10.01 335 4.76
25 260 50
105-1 220 - 290-3
110 6.34 230 7.14 305 23.81
15 240 20
95-10 200 - 260-2
100 4.23 210 7.14 275 23.81
5 220 90
180 - 230-2
85-95 90 7.39 190 5.71 245 19.05
200 60
< 85 80 71.13 < 180 170 34.29 < 230 215 23.81
100 100 100

Table 4 Axle Load & Traffic Characteristics (All Batches)

 Front %
Rear Rear Rear % CVs with
Base Layer Single Night-Ti
Batch Single Tandem Tridem Axle Spacing
Type (Steering) me
Axle Axle Axle < 4.5 m
Axle Traffic

1 DLC 25% 20% 35% 20% 35% 55%

2 CTB 28% 18% 38% 16% 32% 52%

3 CTB 22% 25% 33% 20% 30% 58%

4 DLC 30% 20% 30% 20% 40% 50%

5 CTB 26% 19% 36% 19% 36% 54%

6 DLC 24% 22% 34% 20% 38% 53%

7 CTB 27% 21% 33% 19% 34% 56%

8 CTB 23% 24% 37% 16% 31% 57%

9 DLC 29% 19% 34% 18% 33% 55%

10 CTB 25% 22% 32% 21% 30% 51%

11 CTB 26% 20% 35% 19% 37% 50%

12 DLC 28% 23% 31% 18% 35% 52%

13 CTB 24% 21% 36% 19% 32% 54%

14 DLC 27% 22% 33% 18% 34% 56%

15 CTB 25% 24% 34% 17% 36% 53%

16 DLC 23% 26% 35% 16% 31% 55%

Table 5 Design Parameters for Embankment Stability (All Batches)

Height Slop γ₁ γ₂
Batch c₁ (kPa) φ₁ (°) c₂ (kPa) φ₂ (°) (k)(m/s)
(m) (H:V) (kN/m³) (kN/m³)
1 2.2 2:1 18.5 15 28 19 12 25 10-5

2 1.9 1.5:1 19 12 22 18.5 10 24 10-6

3 2.8 2:1 18 20 30 18 13 27 10-4

4 2.5 1.75:1 19.5 16 35 19 11 26 10-3

5 2.6 2:1 17.5 17 25 18.5 14 28 10-6

6 1.9 1.5:1 18 22 27 18 12 25 10-5

7 2.5 2:1 18.7 19 32 19 13 26 10-4

8 2.8 1.5:1 17.8 15 20 18.6 13 25 10-7

9 2.3 2:1 18.6 18 29 18.8 14 26 10⁻⁵

10 2.5 1.75:1 19.2 16 31 19 12 27 10⁻⁶

11 2.2 2:1 18.4 19 33 18.9 13 28 10⁻⁴

12 2.7 1.5:1 18 20 26 18.5 12 24 10⁻⁵

13 2.6 2:1 18.3 17 30 18.6 13 25 10⁻⁶

14 2.9 1.5:1 17.9 16 24 18.2 11 23 10⁻³

15 2.1 2:1 18.7 15 28 19.1 14 26 10⁻⁵

16 2.4 1.75:1 18.2 18 27 18.4 13 25 10⁻⁷

​
Batch 1: Chainage 30+000 to 31+900

A grade-separated trumpet interchange must be designed to facilitate efficient connectivity

between NH and SH, ensuring flood-resilient infrastructure and continuous traffic movement.
Embankment CBR and Borrow Soil CBR values are 9% and 16% respectively. The geogrid
reinforcement type at this particular chainage is PP3030.

Batch 2: Chainage 32+200 to 33+250

A partial cloverleaf interchange is required to accommodate constrained space and address

weaving issues. Embankment CBR and Borrow Soil CBR values are 10% and 18%
respectively. The geogrid reinforcement type at this particular chainage is PET4040.

Batch 3: Chainage 33+600 to 34+600

A trumpet interchange is to be designed with strict control on cut-and-fill operations,

ensuring slope stability and geometric compliance per IRC standards. Embankment CBR and
Borrow Soil CBR values are 8% and 17% respectively. The geogrid reinforcement type at
this particular chainage is PET8080.

Batch 4: Chainage 34+800 to 36+000

A full cloverleaf interchange must be planned with a focus on LOS, weaving zone design,
and auxiliary lanes to manage mixed traffic volumes effectively. Embankment CBR and
Borrow Soil CBR values are 7% and 19% respectively. The geogrid reinforcement type at
this particular chainage is PP3030.

Batch 5: Chainage 36+140 to 37+400

A trumpet interchange must be designed to avoid deep foundations while ensuring surface
stability through shallow reinforcement solutions and geotechnical innovation. Embankment
CBR and Borrow Soil CBR values are 9% and 19% respectively. The geogrid reinforcement
type at this particular chainage is PET8080.

Batch 6: Chainage 37+700 to 38+600

A semi-directional interchange is required to facilitate large-radius turning for container

trucks and HCVs, while integrating design provisions like lay-bys, flatter curves, and wide
lanes for efficient logistics traffic. Embankment CBR and Borrow Soil CBR values are 8%
and 20% respectively. The geogrid reinforcement type at this particular chainage is PET4040.
Batch 7: Chainage 38+800 to 39+500

A T-type trumpet interchange must be planned with provisions for future expansion of a
fourth leg, ensuring the current geometry aligns with anticipated development while
maintaining operational functionality. Embankment CBR and Borrow Soil CBR values are
9% and 22% respectively. The geogrid reinforcement type at this particular chainage is
PP3030.

Batch 8: Chainage 39+800 to 41+000

A grade-separated trumpet interchange must be designed to ensure safe and efficient

traffic movement between the National Highway and the State Highway, especially in a
rural-forested transition zone. Embankment CBR and Borrow Soil CBR values are 11% and
18% respectively. The geogrid reinforcement type at this particular chainage is PET4040.

Batch 9: Chainage 41+280 to 41+740

A trumpet interchange must be designed considering the proximity of a railway overpass

250 m away. Ramps should avoid rail visibility triangles and pier conflicts. Embankment
CBR and Borrow Soil CBR values are 10% and 17% respectively. Geogrid reinforcement
type: PP3030.

Batch 10: Chainage 42+260 to 42+900

At this river-adjacent zone, you must design a diamond interchange falling within a
floodplain regulation buffer. Incorporate erosion protection and bank stabilization.
Embankment CBR and Borrow Soil CBR: 9% and 18%, respectively. Geogrid: PET4040.

Batch 11: Chainage 43+200 to 44+000

You are to design a three-way directional interchange in a dense urban segment with
vertical constraints. Vertical stacking of ramps must be optimized to minimize the footprint.​
Embankment CBR and Borrow Soil CBR: 11% and 16%. Geogrid: PET8080.

Batch 12: Chainage 44+180 to 44+860

You are assigned a section on black cotton soil. A partical cloverleaf interchange must be
designed with protective measures against swelling/shrinkage. Embankment CBR: 10%,
Borrow Soil CBR: 17%, Geogrid: PP3030.
Batch 13: Chainage 45+050 to 46+950

You are assigned a residential fringe segment. A trumpet interchange must incorporate
noise and visual mitigation. Embankment CBR: 9%, Borrow Soil CBR: 16%, Geogrid:
PET4040.

Batch 14: Chainage 47+070 to 47+700

You are assigned a desert-prone region with wind-blown sand and erosion issues. Design a
single-quadrant-type interchange resistant to sand accumulation. Embankment CBR: 8%,
Borrow Soil CBR: 18%, Geogrid: PET8080.

Batch 15: Chainage 47+900 to 48+800

You are assigned a dense-urban region. Design a full cloverleaf-type interchange to manage
mixed traffic volumes effectively. Embankment CBR: 9%, Borrow Soil CBR: 21%, Geogrid:
PET4040.

Batch 16: Chainage 49+000 to 51+400

You are assigned a rural-agricultural segment. A trumpet interchange should allow

movement of low-speed agricultural traffic without impeding NH traffic. Embankment CBR:
10%, Borrow Soil CBR: 17%, Geogrid: PP3030.

The design data for all the batches is provided in Table 6, and the additional
information is attached in Annexure I.
 Table 6. Input Data for All the Batches

Annual
Base Year ADT Design Design Speed
Batch Growth VDF PHF Vehicle Mix Terrain
(PCUs/day) Period (yrs) (NH/SH/Ramps)
(%)

Cars: 55%; Buses: 10%; HCV:

1 22,800 6.5 20 5.2 0.95 Plain 100 / 80 / 60 km/h
20%; LCV: 10%; 2W: 5%

Cars: 57%; Buses: 9%; HCV: Urban-P

2 21,100 6.5 20 5.2 0.9 80 / 60 / 50 km/h
15%; LCV: 11%; 2W: 8% lain

Cars: 48%; Buses: 10%; HCV:

3 16,009 6.5 20 5.2 0.92 Rolling 80 / 60 / 50 km/h
24%; LCV: 15%; 2W: 3%

Semi-U
Cars: 52%; Buses: 11%; HCV:
4 18,105 6.5 20 5.2 0.9 rban 100 / 80 / 60 km/h
21%; LCV: 11%; 2W: 5%
Plain

Cars: 45%; Buses: 15%; HCV:

5 16,007 6.5 20 5.2 0.89 Rolling 100 / 70 / 60 km/h
25%; LCV: 12%; 2W: 3%
 Cars: 54%; Buses: 14%; HCV:
6 17,213 6.5 20 5.2 0.9 Plain 100 / 80 / 60 km/h
15%; LCV: 12%; 2W: 5%

Rolling
Cars: 46%; Buses: 10%; HCV:
7 17,664 6.5 20 5.2 0.91 –Industr 100 / 70 / 50 km/h
24%; LCV: 14%; 2W: 6%
ial

Cars: 50%; Buses: 8%; HCV: Forest–

8 18,861 6.5 20 5.2 0.93 100 / 70 / 50 km/h
19%; LCV: 12%; 2W: 5% Rolling

Cars: 50%; Buses: 12%; HCV: Riverin

9 19,500 6.5 20 5.2 0.91 90 / 70 / 50 km/h
22%; LCV: 11%; 2W: 5% e

Cars: 53%; Buses: 11%; HCV:

10 20,400 6.5 20 5.2 0.94 Plain 100 / 80 / 60 km/h
18%; LCV: 13%; 2W: 5%

Cars: 59%; Buses: 9%; HCV:

11 24,750 6.5 20 5.2 0.94 Urban 70 / 60 / 50 km/h
16%; LCV: 11%; 2W: 5%
 Cars: 51%; Buses: 10%; HCV: Semi-U
12 17,300 6.5 20 5.2 0.88 90 / 70 / 50 km/h
23%; LCV: 12%; 2W: 4% rban

Cars: 56%; Buses: 9%; HCV: Urban

13 21,300 6.5 20 5.2 0.9 80 / 60 / 50 km/h
18%; LCV: 12%; 2W: 5% Fringe

Cars: 49%; Buses: 10%; HCV: Sandy

14 15,750 6.5 20 5.2 0.88 100 / 80 / 60 km/h
26%; LCV: 10%; 2W: 5% Plain

Cars:52%; Buses: 8%; HCV:

15 16,890 6.5 20 5.2 0.89 Plain 90/70/50 km/h
24%; LCV: 10%; 2W: 6%

Cars: 44%; Buses: 12%; HCV:

16 16,500 6.5 20 5.2 89 Rural 100 / 70 / 50 km/h
18%; LCV: 11%; 2W: 15%