Chapter -2

If we have to write an understand dissertation, we may have been

required to bring by writing a literature review. A literature review is a search

and evaluation of the available literature in our given subject or chosen topic

area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic us are

writing about. A literature review shows our readers that we have an in depth

grasp of our subject, and own research fits into and adds to an existing body of

agreed knowledge. And I had write few Review of Literature below:

Review of Literature

Ravi Shankar Kumar Singh [1995] in his book ‘Ecotourism and

Sustainable Development’ remarks that ecotourism activities have been

increasing rapidly worldwide over the past decades and further growth is

expected in the years ahead.

David and Fennell [2000] in their book ‘Ecotourism; An introduction

highlight the need to promote the right kind of tourism, that is quality and

eco-friendly tourism so that maximum benefit can be harnessed without

affecting and altering physical and social quality.

According to Ralf Buckley [2000] ‘Ecotourism, like tourism in general, is

an industry as well as a social phenomenon and for private sector

ecotourism operators, ecotourism is a business enterprise’. He also

emphasized the marketing of ecotourism and environmental education.

revenue earner and the most significant source of foreign exchange. He

warns that a badly organized tourism development strategy have some

adverse effects on the development of the country.

Mohanlal [2007] holds the view that ecotourism is being entertained by

many communities and governments as a reasonable and rational way for

economic development and preserving their particular bit of the

environment.

According to Dr. Vijaya Kumar’s book ‘Environment, Tourism and

Development’ [2014], tourism and environment should not only depend

upon each other, but also benefit mutually; He also highlights the

importance of environment in

Tourism.
 Chapter-3.

Towards The Development of Sustainable Tourism in Sikkim

The Overall aim of this present study was to build upon these resources

by analyzing a sustainable tourism development in the study region, not just

factors associated with, failure, but also factors that contributed to success.

Thus it is structure to elucidate with the following main objectives:

 To explore the present status of tourism and its impact on the economy of

Sikkim hills.

 To find out the resources for selection of Sikkim by the foreign and

domestic tourists for recreational and leisure purposes and how it

promotes the local economy, socio-cultural changes, and lifestyle of the

host community.
 To identify the issues and challenges foe sustainable tourism

development in the study area.

 To examine sustainable tourism development and suggestions for future

prospects.

3.2 Materials and Methods

The study was conducted using an empirical observation available from

different reports of Government, various journals, and e-journal.

Collection of available literature was gathered through personal

observation and, collection of related information’s. Observations were

made based on news reports, interaction with some of the local people

associated with some of the officials, NGOs, and travel agencies etc. who

are actively working on tourism. The nature of the present research work

is explorative and the whole work has been done by descriptive as well as

analytical methods.

3.3 Importance of Sikkim as a Tourist place

Tracing the growth of tourism in the state prior to its merger with India,

the number of tourist’s inflows to Sikkim was negligible. Even after the

growth rate was poor until the 1980s as large areas of the mountainous

region remained inaccessible or restricted to tourists. In a recent decade

of the century, that tourism growth boosts up considerably as more areas

came under- relaxation of the permit regime and Sikkim gained

popularity as on upcoming tourist’s destination. Tourism saw a big boost

surpassing the state population. Sikkim is endowed with tremendous

natural beauty with lush green valley’s to snow-capped mountains.

Mainly tourism centers and circuits began slowly developing from East

districts (Gangtok) and gradually extended to Rabong, Pelling, Yuksam,

Lachen etc. Now a day’s adventure tourism is in the form of trekking

along the yaksam-dzongri-Goeacha trail which had begun to pick up.

Around 1988, the state government took a decision to allow tourists to

visit Tsongmo Lake, located at a distance of only 35km from gangtok, the

capital town, it became coldest accessible destination to experience snow

fall for tourist coming for west Bengal. This was followed by opening up

of Nathula which gave visitors an opportunity to go right up till the china

border point of this ancient mountain pass.

3.4 Sustainable Tourism in Sikkim.

Tourism is a significant user of resources in Sikkim ensuring that it uses

resources efficiency is important both for the wellbeing of the local

environment and host community and in maintaining global resources

efficient use of resources, notably energy derived from fossil fuels, is also

important in the reduction of polluting emissions. These processes bring

down the cost for operating tourism industry and Remote Mountain set

up. To strengthen the number and quality of local jobs created and

supported by tourism, including standardized skill and entrepreneurship

without discrimination based on gender, disability or in other ways. The

concept of sustainability arose from the recognition that the earth`s

limited resources could not indefinitely support the rapid population and

industrial growth. An immediate concern is needed to pay more attention

to the protection of the natural environment. Most tourists wish to visit

areas that are alternative, functional, clean and less polluted. Tourism can

provide the incentive and means to maintain and, where needed, improve

the environmental quality of areas. A high level of environment al quality

is also very important for local residents to [Link] can help make

residents more aware of the quality of their surrounding environment are

strongly linked and interdependent. If tourism continues to grow, ways

must be found to improve the relationship between the two, making it

more sustainable.