Fluid Machanics :(I)
Complex Engineering Problem – Assignment( II)
Submitted To:
Engr. Natasha Latif Bhatti
Submitted By:
M Tauseef Nawaz
Reg. No:
2024f-mulug-1452
Session :
Fall 2024
Semester:
3rd
School of Chemical Engineering
Minhaj University Lahore
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Complex Engineering Problem
Domestic Water Supply System Design for a House
1. Given Data (From Problem Statement)
Parameter Value
House elevation 12 ft = 3.66 m
Water demand 2 bathrooms + 1 kitchen
Main pipe diameter 25 mm = 0.025 m
Branch pipe diameter 15 mm = 0.015 m
Water density ρ = 1000 kg/m³
Dynamic viscosity μ = 0.001 Pa·s
Water source Underground Storage Tank (UGST)
Destination Overhead Storage Tank (OHST)
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2. Assumptions
Flow required ≈ 0.6 L/s = 0.0006 m³/s (standard for small house)
Length of main pipe = 20 m
Number of fittings:
>4 elbows
>1 valve
> Sudden contraction
3. Flow Rate Calculation
3
Q=0.0006 m /s
4. Flow Velocity
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Main Pipe (25 mm)
πD
2
Q 0.0006
A= =π ¿ ¿V = = =1.22 m/s
4 A 4.91 ×10−4
Branch Pipe (15 mm)
0.0006
A=π ¿ ¿V = −4
=3.38 m/ s
1.77 ×10
5. Reynolds Number (Flow Regime)
ρVD
ℜ=
μ
Main Pipe:
1000 × 1.22× 0.025
ℜ= =30500
0.001
Branch Pipe:
1000 × 3.38× 0.015
ℜ= =50700
0.001
✔ Both flows are turbulent (Re > 4000)
6. Frictional Head Loss (Darcy Weisbach)
2
L V
h f =f
D 2g
Assume friction factor f = 0.02
20
h f =0.02× ×¿ ¿h f =0.02× 800× 0.076=1.22 m
0.025
7. Losses Due to Fittings
Fitting Loss coefficient (K)
Elbow (4) 0.9 × 4 = 3.6
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Fitting Loss coefficient (K)
Valve 2
Sudden contraction 0.5
Total K 6.1
2
V
h f =K =6.1× ¿ ¿h f =0.46 m
2g
8. Total Pump Head Required
H total=Elevation + PipeLoss+ FittingLoss
Add safety factor → H ≈ 7 m
9. Pump Selection
Required:
Flow rate = 0.6 L/s
Head = 7 m
✔ Suitable pump:
0.5 HP Centrifugal Water Pump
10. Pipe Material Selection
Recommended:
PVC / PPR Pipes
o Corrosion resistant
o Low friction loss
o Long life
11. Final Results Summary
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Parameter Result
Flow rate 0.6 L/s
Main pipe velocity 1.22 m/s
Branch pipe velocity 3.38 m/s
Flow regime Turbulent
Friction loss 1.22 m
Fitting loss 0.46 m
Required pump head 7m
Pump type 0.5 HP centrifugal pump
Pipe material PVC / PPR
References
1. Fox, R. W., McDonald, A. T., & Pritchard, P. J.
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 8th Edition, Wiley.
2. Munson, B. R., Young, D. F., & Okiishi, T. H.
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th Edition, Wiley.
3. Cengel, Y. A., & Cimbala, J. M.
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, McGraw-Hill.
4. White, F. M.
Fluid Mechanics, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education.
5. BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards)
IS 2065: Code of Practice for Water Supply in Buildings.
6. Engineering Toolbox
Pipe flow, friction loss, Reynolds number and pump head data.
Appendix
Appendix A: Symbols and Units
Symbol Description Unit
Q Flow rate m³/s
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Symbol Description Unit
V Velocity m/s
D Pipe diameter M
A Cross-sectional area m²
ρ Density kg/m³
μ Dynamic viscosity Pa·s
Re Reynolds number Dimensionless
f Friction factor Dimensionless
L Pipe length m
g Acceleration due to gravity m/s²
H Total head m
Appendix B: Formula Sheet
1. Flow velocity
Q
V=
A
2. Pipe area
2
πD
A=
4
3. Reynolds number
ρVD
ℜ=
μ
4. Darcy friction loss
2
L V
h f =f
D 2g
5. Fitting loss
2
V
h f =K
2g
6. Total pump head
H=H elevation +h pipe +h fittings
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Appendix C: Pump Selection Criteria
Required Flow Rate: 0.6 L/s
Required Head: 7 m
Recommended Pump: 0.5 HP Centrifugal Pump
Operating Voltage: 220–240 V AC
Application: Domestic water supply
Appendix D: Pipe Specification
Line Diameter Material
Main line 25 mm PVC / PPR
Branch line 15 mm PVC / PPR
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