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Weather monitoring system using IoT
Article · August 2022
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International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930
Weather monitoring system using IoT
Akash Kumar Jha, Manish Arora, Nikhil Ahlawat
Prof. Jyoti Morbale (Department of Electronics Engineering)
Bharathi Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Pune
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Abstract – Internet of Things is one of the new weather monitoring system through which the required
parameters are monitored remotely using internet and the data
emerging technology. Evolution of IoT made it easier to
gathered from the devices are stored in the cloud and to project
control and monitor any device from remote location. In
the predictable trend on the web browser. The solution also
our proposed model, we are trying to measure the various
provides an intelligent remote monitoring for a particular area
weather constraints like temperature, humidity, gas
of interest. In this paper we also current results of collected or
concentration e.t.c with the help of sensors and after
sensed.
processing that sensor data through Node Mcu board we
are sending these real time data on ThingSpeak which is an
IoT platform provides the feature to store the data in real
[Link] OVERVIEW
time mode and display that data. The weather condition can
be visualized and analyzed in numerical and graphical way. The implemented system consists of a Node Mcu which is used as the
main processing unit for the entire system and all the sensor and
Key words: Internet of Things (IoT), ThingSpeak, devices can be connected with this microcontroller board. The sensors
NodeMcu can be operated by the Node Mcu to retrieve the data from them and it
processes that data. Let us discuss about the sensors and board used in
our model one by one.
[Link] DHT 11: The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and
Current day innovations in technology mainly focus on controlling and humidity sensor. The sensor comes with a dedicated NTC to
monitoring of different devices over wirelessly over the internet such measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the
that the internet behaves as a medium for communication between all values of temperature and humidity as serial data. The sensor is
the devices. Most of this technology is focused on efficient monitoring also factory calibrated and hence easy to interface with other
and controlling of different devices. An efficient environmental microcontrollers.
monitoring system is required to monitor and assess the weather
conditions in case of exceeding the prescribed level of parameters (CO The sensor can measure temperature from 0°C to
concentration and Humidity levels). A system is considered as a smart 50°C and humidity from 20% to 90% with an
system when the device equipped with sensors, microcontrollers and accuracy of ±1°C and ±1%.
various software applications and becomes a self protecting and self
monitoring system.
Event Detection based and Spatial Process Estimation are the two
categories to which applications are classified. Initially the sensor
devices are deployed in environment to detect the parameters (e.g.,
Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, LDR, noise, CO and radiation levels
etc.) while the data acquisition, computation and controlling action
(e.g., the variations in the noise and CO levels with respect to the
quantified levels). Sensor devices are positioned at different locations
to collect the data to forecast the behavior of a particular area of
interest. The main aim of this paper is to design and implement a DHT11 Humidity Sensor consists of 4 pins: VCC, Data
resourceful Out, Not Connected (NC) and GND. The range of
voltage for VCC pin is 3.5V to 5.5V. A 5V supply
would do fine. The data from the Data Out pin is a serial
digital data.
© 2020, IJSREM | [Link] Page 1
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930
MQ 7: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a very dangerous gas
which is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, so it cannot be
smelt, seen, or tasted. CO is measured in parts per million
(ppm). This Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas sensor MQ 7
detects the concentrations of CO in the air and outputs its
reading as an analog voltage. The sensor can measure
concentrations of 10 to 10,000 [Link] sensor can operate
at temperatures from -10 to 50°C and consumes less than
150 mA at 5 V.
Light intensity was measured by using a resistor in series
with each LDR making a voltage dividing circuit as shown
in Fig. 6. Whenever the intensity of light on LDR changes,
its resistance and hence the output voltage are changed;
change in intensity is translated into a change in voltage.
Node Mcu: NodeMCU is an open source firmware for
which open source prototyping board designs are available.
The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU"
[8]
(micro-controller unit). . The term "NodeMCU" strictly
There are four pins in this sensors : +5V, AOUT, DOUT, and
speaking refers to the firmware rather than the associated
GND. The +5V and GND leads establishes power for the
development kits. Both the firmware and prototyping board
alcohol sensor. The other 2 leads are AOUT (analog output)
designs are open source.
and DOUT (digital output). How the sensor works is the
terminal AOUT gives an analog voltage output in proportion to The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. The firmware is
the amount of carbon monoxide the sensor detects. The more based on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS
CO it detects, the greater the analog voltage it will output. SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects, such as
Conversely, the less CO it detects, the less analog voltage it lua-cjson and SPIFFS. Due to resource constraints, users need
will output. If the analog voltage reaches a certain threshold, it to select the modules relevant for their project and build a
will send the digital pin DOUT high. Once this DOUT pin firmware tailored to their needs. Support for the 32-bit ESP32
goes high, the arduino will detect this and will trigger the LED has also been implemented.
to turn on, signaling that the CO threshold has been reached
The prototyping hardware typically used is a circuit board
and is now over the limit. How you can change this threshold
functioning as a dual in-line package (DIP) which
level is by adjusting the potentiometer to either raise or lower integrates a USB controller with a smaller surface-mounted
the level.
board containing the MCU and antenna. The choice of the
DIP format allows for easy prototyping on breadboards.
The design was initially was based on the ESP-12 module
LDR: A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is also called a of the ESP8266, which is a Wi-Fi SoC integrated with a
photoresistor or a cadmium sulfide (CdS) cell. It is also Tensilica Xtensa LX106 core, widely used in IoT
called a photoconductor. It is basically a photocell that applications.
works on the principle of photoconductivity. The passive
component is basically a resistor whose resistance value
decreases when the intensity of light decreases. This
optoelectronic device is mostly used in light varying sensor
circuit, and light and dark activated switching circuits.
Some of its applications include camera light meters, street
lights, clock radios, light beam alarms, reflective smoke
alarms, and outdoor clocks.
© 2020, IJSREM | [Link] Page 2
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930
ThingSpeak: It is a platform providing various services [Link]
exclusively targeted for building IoT applications. It offers
the capabilities of real-time data collection, visualizing the To operate this proposed model successfully our first challenge was to
collected data in the form of charts, ability to create plugins gather the various data related to weather constraint. For this we used
and apps for collaborating with web services, social various sensors like DHT 11 for measuring temperature and humidity,
network and other APIs. The core element of ThingSpeak MQ7 for measuring CO (Carbon Monoxide) concentration present in
is a ‘ThingSpeak Channel’. A channel stores the data that atmosphere and LDR sensor to detect the intensity of light at particular
we send to ThingSpeak and comprises of the below time.
elements:
All the above mentioned sensors first senses the surrounding
8 fields for storing data of any type - These can be environmental condition. Sensor outputs the signal in analog
used to store the data from a sensor or from an form. Then these analog signal is being processed in
embedded device. microcontroller unit.
3 location fields - Can be used to store the latitude,
longitude and the elevation. These are very useful for In our case we have used Node Mcu as microcontroller board
tracking a moving device. because it doesn’t need external interface for WiFi module
1 status field - A short message to describe the data instead it has inbuilt ESP8266. When signal comes from
stored in the channel. sensors to this board then it processes those signal and display
that in desired format like temperature in degree celcius or gas
in ppm. Of course to convert the analog signal in this format
[Link] CHART would required certain kind of algorithm and programming.
The advantage of using Node Mcu is that it runs on the
program which can be compiled on Arduino IDE.
START
While writing the sketch for module there are two main task
that has to be accomplished one is to write the code for reading
the sensor data and another is to sending these data on cloud in
real time mode. A particular kind of algorithm is applied in
Connect the required sensors to the
case of each sensor to read its analog value and then process it
microcontroller unit
to convert it into digital mode then display that digital data in
desired format.
Once this data is collected our main task remains to send it to cloud.
Processing the sensor data using Node
Here comes the role of ThingSpeak. It provides not only the cloud
Mcu microcontroller
space but also gives a platform where one can display, analyze,
visualize their data and can share it publicly. For this it provides each
user an unique API key which they have to use while writing the code
Send the monitoring parameters (Temperature for data uploading. In that code we also have to mention the SSID and
,Humidity, Light intensity, CO level ) to cloud using Password of local wireless internet connection. Data is sent on
WI- ThingSpeak by means of using the local internet connection and that
unique API key. The data is sent on real time mode, while it is on user
that on what interval they want to update data on cloud. ThingSpeak
Store the real time sensor data on also provide the feature to keep your data private and as well as to
ThingSpeak share it publicly.
Plot the value on graph and display the
monitoring parameter on web-page
STOP
© 2020, IJSREM | [Link] Page 3
International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2020 ISSN: 2582-3930
[Link]
[Link]
This system provides the monitoring access to the temperature,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
humidity, intensity of light values from anywhere with Internet access.
This system is useful for many applications like predicting temperature We express our deep appreciation and sincere thanks to Prof. Jyoti
of environment, agriculture, temperature control of data center and Morbale for her extensive personal and professional guidance and life
many others. This is the basic of IoT monitoring system and many in general. She has always been supportive to us during all the time.
other sensors can be replaced for the applications of user requirements We are grateful to all of those with whom we have had the pleasure to
like car parking monitoring system, security system using PIR sensor work during this and other related projects.
power consumption monitoring, soil moisture etc. This system to
forecast the parameters based on the historical data. This system can be REFRENCES
further expanded to monitor the developing cities and industrial zones
for monitoring, collecting the data and analysis. In this system,
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for users to access this system. So, mobile application should be created
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users can monitor the temperature and humidity values easily via
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© 2020, IJSREM | [Link] Page 4
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