Best Programming Practice
1. Use Variables including Fixed, User Inputs, and Results
2. Use Methods instead of writing code in the main() function
3. Proper naming conventions for all variables and methods
4. Proper Program Name and Class Name
5. Handle Checked and Unchecked Exceptions wherever possible
6. Proper Method Name which indicates action taking inputs and providing result
Sample Program 1: Create a program to find all the occurrences of a character in a string using
the charAt() method
a. Take user input for the String and occurrences of the Character to find
b. Write a method to find all the occurrences of the characters.
i. The logic used is to first find the number of occurrences of the character and
ii. then create an array to store the indexes of the character
c. Call the method in the main and display the result
Java
// Program to find all the occurrences of a character in a string
import [Link];
class StringAnalyzer {
// Method to find all the index of a character in a string using charAt()
// method and return them in an array
public static int[] findAllIndexes(String text, char ch) {
// The count is used to find the number of occurrences of the character
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < [Link](); i++) {
if ([Link](i) == ch) {
count++;
}
}
// Create an array to store the indexes of the character
int[] indexes = new int[count];
int j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < [Link](); i++) {
if ([Link](i) == ch) {
indexes[j] = i;
j++;
}
}
return indexes;
}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
// Take user input for Text and Character to check Occurrences
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link](Enter a text: ");
String text = [Link]();
[Link]("Enter a character to find the occurrences: ");
char ch = [Link]().charAt(0);
// Find the occurrences of the character
int[] indexes = findAllIndexes(text, ch);
// Display the occurrences of the character
[Link]("Indexes of the character '" + ch + "': ");
for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {
[Link](indexes[i] + " ");
}
}
}
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Assignment Practice – Homework Tasks (Any Six)
1. An organization took up the exercise to find the Body Mass Index (BMI) of all the persons in
a team of 10 members. For this create a program to find the BMI and display the height,
weight, BMI, and status of each individual
Hint =>
a. Take user input for the person's weight (kg) and height (cm) and store it in the
corresponding 2D array of 10 rows. The First Column stores the weight and the second
column stores the height in cm
b. Create a Method to find the BMI and status of every person given the person's height
and weight and return the 2D String array. Use the formula BMI = weight / (height *
height). Note unit is kg/m^2. For this convert cm to meter
c. Create a Method that takes the 2D array of height and weight as parameters. Calls the
user-defined method to compute the BMI and the BMI Status and stores in a 2D String
array of height, weight, BMI, and status.
d. Create a method to display the 2D string array in a tabular format of Person's Height,
Weight, BMI, and the Status
e. Finally, the main function takes user inputs, calls the user-defined methods, and displays
the result.
2. Find unique characters in a string using the charAt() method and display the result
Hint =>
a. Create a Method to find the length of the text without using the String method length()
b. Create a method to Find unique characters in a string using the charAt() method and
return them as a 1D array. The logic used here is as follows:
i. Create an array to store the unique characters in the text. The size is the length of
the text
ii. Loops to Find the unique characters in the text. Find the unique characters in the text
using a nested loop. An outer loop iterates through each character and an inner loop
checks if the character is unique by comparing it with the previous characters. If the
character is unique, it is stored in the result array
iii. Create a new array to store the unique characters
c. Finally, the main function takes user inputs, calls the user-defined methods, and displays
the result.
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3. Write a program to find the first non-repeating character in a string and show the result
Hint =>
a. Non-repeating character is a character that occurs only once in the string
b. Create a Method to find the first non-repeating character in a string using the charAt()
method and return the character. The logic used here is as follows:
i. Create an array to store the frequency of characters in the text. ASCII values of
characters are used as indexes in the array to store the frequency of each character.
There are 256 ASCII characters
ii. Loop through the text to find the frequency of characters in the text
iii. Loop through the text to find the first non-repeating character in the text by checking
the frequency of each character
c. In the main function take user inputs, call user-defined methods, and displays result.
4. Write a program to find the frequency of characters in a string using the charAt() method and
display the result
Hint =>
a. Create a method to find the frequency of characters in a string using the charAt() method
and return the characters and their frequencies in a 2D array. The logic used here is as
follows:
i. Create an array to store the frequency of characters in the text. ASCII values of
characters are used as indexes in the array to store the frequency of each character.
There are 256 ASCII characters
ii. Loop through the text to find the frequency of characters in the text
iii. Create an array to store the characters and their frequencies
iv. Loop through the characters in the text and store the characters and their
frequencies
b. In the main function take user inputs, call user-defined methods, and displays result.
5. Write a program to find the frequency of characters in a string using unique characters and
display the result
Hint =>
a. Create a method to Find unique characters in a string using the charAt() method and
return them as a 1D array. Use Nested Loops to find the unique characters in the text
b. Create a method to find the frequency of characters in a string and return the characters
and their frequencies in a 2D array. The logic used here is as follows:
i. Create an array to store the frequency of characters in the text. ASCII values of
characters are used as indexes in the array to store the frequency of each character.
There are 256 ASCII characters
ii. Loop through the text to find the frequency of characters in the text
iii. Call the uniqueCharacters() method to find the unique characters in the text
iv. Create a 2D String array to store the unique characters and their frequencies.
v. Loop through the unique characters and store the characters and their frequencies
c. In the main function take user inputs, call user-defined methods, and displays result.
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6. Write a program to find the frequency of characters in a string using nested loops and
display the result
Hint =>
a. Create a method to find the frequency of characters in a string and return the characters
and their frequencies in a 1D array. The logic used here is as follows:
i. Create an array to store the frequency of each character in the text and an array to
store the characters in the text using the toCharArray() method
ii. Loops to Find the frequency of each character in the text and store the result in a
frequency array. For this use a Nested Loop with an Outer loop to iterate through
each character in the text and initialize the frequency of each character to 1. And an
Inner loop to check for duplicate characters. In case of duplicate increment the
frequency value and set the duplicate characters to '0' to avoid counting them again.
iii. Create a 1D String array to store the characters and their frequencies. For this
Iterate through the characters in the text and store the characters and their
frequencies
b. Finally, the main function takes user inputs, calls the user-defined methods, and displays
the result.
7. Write a program to to check if a text is palindrome and display the result
Hint =>
a. A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters that reads the
same forward and backward
b. Logic 1: Write a method to compare the characters from the start and end of the string
to determine whether the text is palindrome. The logic used here is as follows:
i. Set the start and end indexes of the text
ii. Loop through the text and compare the characters from the start and the end of the
string. If the characters are not equal, return false
c. Logic 2: Write a recursive method to compare the characters from the start and end of
the text passed as parameters using recursion. The logic used here is as follows:
i. First, check if the start index is greater than or equal to the end index, then return
true.
ii. If the characters at the start and end indexes are not equal, return false.
iii. Otherwise, call the method recursively with the start index incremented by 1 and the
end index
d. Logic 3: Write a Method to compare the characters from the start and end of the text
using character arrays. The logic used here is as follows:
i. Firstly Write a Method to reverse a string using the charAt() method and return the
reversal array.
ii. Create a character array using the String method toCharArray() and also create a
reverse array. Compare the characters in the original and reverse arrays to do a
Palindrome check
e. Finally, in the main method do palindrome check using the three logic and display result
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8. Write a program to check if two texts are anagrams and display the result
Hint =>
a. An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the same letters to form different
words or phrases,
b. Write a method to check if two texts are anagrams. The logic used here is as follows:
i. Check if the lengths of the two texts are equal
ii. Create an array to store the frequency of characters in the strings for the two text
iii. Find the frequency of characters in the two texts using the loop
iv. Compare the frequency of characters in the two texts. If the frequencies are not
equal, return false
c. In the main function take user inputs, call user-defined methods, and displays result.
9. Create a program to display a calendar for a given month and year. The program should
take the month and year as input from the user and display the calendar for that month. E.g.
for 07 2005 user input, the program should display the calendar as shown below
Hint =>
a. Write a Method to get the name of the month. For this define a month Array to store the
names of the months
b. Write a Method to get the number of days in the month. For this define a days Array to
store the number of days in each month. For Feb month, check for Leap Year to get the
number of days. Also, define a Leap Year Method.
c. Write a method to get the first day of the month using the Gregorian calendar algorithm
y0 = y − (14 − m) / 12
x = y0 + y0/4 − y0/100 + y0/400
m0 = m + 12 × ((14 − m) / 12) − 2
d0 = (d + x + 31m0 / 12) mod 7
d. Displaying the Calendar requires 2 for loops.
i. The first for loop up to the first day to get the proper indentation. As in the example
above 3 spaces from Sun to Thu as to be set as July 1st starts on Fri
ii. The Second for loop Displays the days of the month starting from 1 to the number of
days. Add proper indentation for single-digit days using %3d to display the integer
right-justified in a field of width 3. Please note to move to the next line after Sat
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10.Write a program to create a deck of cards, initialize the deck, shuffle the deck, and distribute
the deck of n cards to x number of players. Finally, print the cards the players have.
Hint =>
a. Create a deck of cards with suits "Hearts", "Diamonds", "Clubs", "Spades" and ranks
from "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "Jack", "Queen", "King", and "Ace"
b. Calculate the number of cards in the deck and initialize the deck
int numOfCards = [Link] * [Link];
c. Write a Method to Initialize the deck of cards with suits and ranks and return the deck.
The deck is an array of strings where each string represents a card in the deck
represented as "rank of suit" e.g., "2 of Hearts"
d. Write a Method to Shuffle the deck of cards and return the shuffled deck. To shuffle the
card iterate over the deck and swap each card with a random card from the remaining
deck to shuffle the deck. Please find the steps below
Step1: Use for Loop Iterate over the deck and swap each card with a random card from
the remaining deck
Step 2: Inside the Loop Generate a random card number between i and n using the
following code
int randomCardNumber = i + (int) ([Link]() * (n - i));
Step 3: Swap the current card with the random card
e. Write a Method to distribute the deck of n cards to x number of players and return the
players. For this Check the n cards can be distributed to x players. If possible then
Create a 2D array to store the players and their cards
f. Write a Method to Print the players and their cards