20
22
The Chapter Format
Research Project
20
22
Contents of every Chapters
Problem and its Background, Statement of the
Problem, Assumptions of the Study, Scope and
Chapter I: Introduction
Delimitations, Significance of the Study, Definition
of Terms
Chapter II: Review of
Relevant Theories, Related Literatures, Related
Related Literature and
Studies, and Research Gap
Studies
Methodologies, Sampling Method, Rsearch
Chapter III: Research
Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure, Data
Methodology
Analysis Methods
Contents of every Chapters
Chapter IV: Presentation, All answers and data gathered from your intruments and
Analysis, and methods will be transcribed, interpreted, and analyzed
Interpretation of Data within this chapter
Chapter V:
Summarization of Summarized C-IV, Conclusion from the summary, and
Findings, Conclusions, Recommendation based from Conclusions
and Recommendations
Preliminaries (Before the Preliminaries: Title Page, Table of Contents,
paper starts), References Acknowledgments, Abstract
and Appendix (After the References
paper finishes) Appendix: Questionnaires, Letters, and Curriculum Vitae
20
22
The Chapter Format
References
Format for every type of references used within your
paper
20
22
Basic Rules
• All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list
should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is
called hanging indentation.
• All authors' names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be
provided first).
• Authors' first and middle names should be written as initials.
• For example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane
Marie Smith would begin with "Smith, J. M."
• If a middle name isn't available, just initialize the author's first
name: "Smith, J.”
Single author
Two authors
Basic Rules
• Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a
particular work up to and including 20 authors (this is a new rule, as
APA 6 only required the first six authors). Separate each author’s
initials from the next author in the list with a comma. Use an
ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. If there are 21 or
more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th
author, and then add the final author’s name.
• Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the
first author of each work.
• For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the
same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to
most recent.
Three to twenty authors
Twenty-one and more
Group Author
layered group authors
Two or more works by the same author
Two or more works by the same author
Two or more works by the same author
Two or more works by the same author in the same year
Unknown Author
When your essay includes parenthetical citations of sources with no author named,
use a shortened version of the source's title instead of an author's name. Use
quotation marks and italics as appropriate. For example, parenthetical citations of
the source above would appear as follows: (Merriam-Webster's, 2003).
Basic Rules
• When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles,
reports, webpages, or other sources, capitalize only the first
letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word
after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
• Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections,
names of newspapers, and so on).
• Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of
shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited
collections.
Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals
• Present journal titles in full.
• Italicize journal titles.
• Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalization that is
used by the journal in its title.
• For example, you should use PhiloSOPHIA instead
of Philosophia, or Past & Present instead of Past and Present.
• Capitalize all major words in the titles of journals. Note that this
differs from the rule for titling other common sources (like books,
reports, webpages, and so on) described above.
• This distinction is based on the type of source being cited.
Academic journal titles have all major words capitalized, while
other sources' titles do not.
Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals
• Capitalize the first word of the titles and subtitles of journal articles, as well as
the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and any proper nouns.
• Do not italicize or underline the article title.
• Do not enclose the article title in quotes.
• So, for example, if you need to cite an article titled "Deep Blue: The Mysteries
of the Marianas Trench" that was published in the journal Oceanographic
Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication, you would write the article title as follows:
Deep blue: The mysteries of the Marianas Trench.
...
but you would write the journal title as follows:
Oceanographic Study: A Peer-Reviewed Publication
ENTRY IN A DICTIONARY, THESAURUS, OR ENCYCLOPEDIA WITH AN
INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR
WORK DISCUSSED IN A SECONDARY SOURCE
WORK DISCUSSED IN A SECONDARY SOURCE
REPORT BY A GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR OTHER ORGANIZATION
REPORT BY INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS AT GOVERNMENT AGENCY OR
OTHER ORGANIZATION
WEBPAGE OR PIECE OF ONLINE CONTENT
WEBPAGE OR PIECE OF ONLINE CONTENT
WEBPAGE OR PIECE OF ONLINE CONTENT
WEBPAGE OR PIECE OF ONLINE CONTENT