Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
TUMBAGA NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
FIRST QUARTER EXAM
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Name: _____________________ Date: ___________
Teacher: Ms. Jaysan R. Balunan Score: __________
Directions: Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your answer before each number.
1. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?
a. The height of student in a class. c. The time taken to run a marathon.
b. The number of students in a class. d. The temperature in a city.
2. Which of the following best defines a random variable?
a. A variable that can take on any value in a given range.
b. A variable whose possible values are numerical outcomes of a random phenomenon.
c. A variable that changes its value randomly over time.
d. A constant value determined by a probability experiment.
3. What does the notation P(X=x) refer to?
a. The probability that the random variable X takes on a value less than x.
b. The probability that the random variable X takes on the value x.
c. The cumulative distribution function of X.
d. The mean of the random variable X.
4. Which of the following is not true about discrete random variables?
a. They can take on an infinite number of values.
b. They can take on a finite or countably infinite set of values.
c. Their probabilities sum to 1.
d. They have an associated probability mass function.
5. Which of the following functions is a valid probability mass function (PMF)?
a. X 1 2 3
P (X) 1 1 1
2 3 4
b. X 1 2 3
P (X) 0 1 1
2 3
c. X 1 2 3
P (X) 1 1 1
3 3 3
d. X 1 2 3
P (X) −1 1 1
2 2 2
6. For a probability mass functions to be valid, which of the following must be true?
a. All probabilities must be negative.
b. The sum of all probabilities must be less than 1.
c. The sum of all probabilities must equal 1.
d. Each probability must be greater than 1.
7. If X is a discrete random variable with P(X=x), which of the following statement is correct?
a. P(X=x) < 0 for all x c. 0≤ P ( X=x ) ≤1for all x
b. ∑ P ( X =x )> 1 d. ∑ P ( X =x )< 1
1
8. The probability mass function of a discrete random variable X is given by P(X=x) = for x =
5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5. What is P(X=2)?
1 2
a. c.
2 5
1 3
b. d.
5 5
9. What is the formula for the expected value (mean) of a discrete random variable X with
probability mass functions P(X)?
a. μ=∑ x c. μ=∑ xP(X )
b. μ=∑ x2 P(X ) d. μ=∑ P (X )
10. Which of the following formulas represents the variance of a discrete random variable X?
a. σ 2=∑ (x−μ)2 c. σ 2=∑ x 2 P ( X )
b. σ 2=∑ (x−μ)2P(X) d. σ 2=∑ xP (X )
11. What type of variable follows a normal distribution?
a. Discrete c. Categorical
b. Continuous d. Ordinal
12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal random variable?
a. Skewed distribution c. Exponential distribution
b. Symmetric distribution d. Bimodal distribution
13. How many parameters define a normal distribution?
a. One c. Three
b. Two d. Four
14. What is the shape of a normal curve?
a. Bell-shaped c. Triangular
b. Rectangular d. Irregular
15. What is the area under the entire normal curve?
a. 0 c. -1
b. 1 d. Infinity
16. Which region of the normal curve corresponds to approximately 68% of the total area?
a. Between -1 and +1 standard deviations from the mean.
b. Between -2 and +2 standard deviations from the mean.
c. Between -3 and +3 standard deviations from the mean.
d. Between -4 and +4 standard deviations from the mean.
17. When converting a normal random variable to a standard normal variable, what is the formula
used?
x−μ x+ μ
a. z = c. z =
σ σ
b. z = X × σ + μ d. z = X – σ
18. What is the Z – score of a data point that lies 1 standard deviation above the mean in a
standard normal distribution?
a. 0 c. -1
b. 1 d. 2
19. In a standard normal distribution, what is the probability of observing a data point with a z-
score less than -1?
a. 0.1587 c. 0.6826
b. 0.3413 d. 0.8413
20. What is the procedure for computing percentiles using the standard normal table?
a. Convert percentile to Z-score and find the corresponding raw score.
b. Convert raw score to Z-score and find the corresponding percentile.
c. Convert percentile to Z-score and find the corresponding cumulative probability.
d. Convert cumulative probability to Z-score and find the corresponding percentile.
21. Which of the following best defines random sampling?
a. Selecting a sample in a systematic manner.
b. Choosing a sample based on convenience.
c. Selecting a sample in such a way that each member of the population has an equal chance
of being chosen.
d. Choosing a sample based on personal preference.
22. What is the key difference between a parameter and a statistic?
a. A parameter is derived from a sample, while a statistic is derived from a population.
b. A parameter describes a sample, while a statistic describes a population.
c. A parameter describes a population, while a statistic describes a sample.
d. A parameter is calculated using descriptive statistics, while a statistic is calculated using
inferential statistics.
23. Which of the following statements is true regarding the sampling distribution of sample
means?
a. It is always normally distributed, regardless of the population distribution.
b. It is always skewed, regardless of the sample size.
c. It becomes more normal as the sample size increases, according to the Central Limit
Theorem.
d. It remains constant regardless of changes in the sample size.
24. What is the formula for finding the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean?
a. Mean = (Sum of sample means) / (Number of samples)
b. Mean = (Sum of sample means) * (Sample size)
c. Mean = Population mean
d. Mean = Sample mean / Sample size
25. When is the sampling distribution of the sample mean considered to be normally distributed
when the population variance is known?
a. Always.
b. Only when the population distribution is normal.
c. Only when the sample size is small.
d. Only when the sample size is large.
26. What happens to the sampling distribution of the sample mean when the population variance
is unknown?
a. It becomes more normal as the sample size increases.
b. It remains skewed regardless of the sample size.
c. It becomes less normal as the sample size increases.
d. It remains constant regardless of the sample size.
27. Which of the following is true about the Central Limit Theorem?
a. It states that the sample mean approaches a normal distribution as the sample size
increases.
b. It states that the population mean approaches a normal distribution as the sample size
increases.
c. It states that the sample mean approaches a uniform distribution as the sample size
increases.
d. It states that the population mean approaches a uniform distribution as the sample size increases.
28. What is the main implication of the Central Limit Theorem in statistical analysis?
a. It allows researchers to make accurate inferences about the population based on the
sample mean.
b. It allows researchers to use non-parametric tests instead of parametric tests.
c. It allows researchers to ignore the sample size when analyzing data.
d. It allows researchers to disregard the population mean when calculating sample statistics.
29. Which of the following statements is true regarding the mean and variance of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean?
a. The mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the population mean.
b. The variance of the sampling distribution is equal to the population variance.
c. The mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the sample mean.
d. The variance of the sampling distribution decreases as the sample size increases.
30. What impact does increase the sample size have on the standard error of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean?
a. The standard error increases as the sample size increases.
b. The standard error decreases as the sample size increases.
c. The standard error remains constant regardless of the sample size.
d. The standard error becomes unpredictable with changes in sample size.
31. Why is it important to identify the length of a confidence interval?
a. To determine the exact population parameter.
b. To assess the precision of the estimate and the uncertainty of the population parameter.
c. To calculate the sample mean.
d. To decide the sample size for the study.
32. The length of a confidence interval can be defined as?
a. The range between the sample mean and population mean.
b. The difference between the upper and lower limits of the interval.
c. The number data points in the sample.
d. The total variability within the sample.
33. To compute an appropriate sample size given a desired confidence interval length, which of
the following is required?
a. The sample mean.
b. The margin of error and the level of confidence.
c. The standard deviation of the population.
d. The number of observations in the population.
34. If a researcher wants to achieve a smaller confidence interval length while keeping the
confidence level constant, which of the following should they do?
a. Increase the margin error.
b. Increase the sample size.
c. Decrease the confident level.
d. Decrease the population size.
35. When solving problems involving sample size determination, what is one key factor that
influences the sample size needed?
a. The number of variables in the study.
b. The desired width of the confidence interval.
c. The time taken to collect the data.
d. The number of hypotheses tested.
36. To draw conclusions about the sample size needed based on the length of the confidence
interval, one must consider?
a. The variability in the population and the confidence level.
b. The sample mean and the population proportion.
c. The sample size and the margin error.
d. The number of data points and the significance level.
37. Which of the following formulas is commonly used to calculate the sample size for a given
confidence interval length?
a. n = (z*σ /E ¿¿ 2 c. n = (z*σ /z ¿ ¿2
b. n = (z* E /σ ¿¿ 2 d. n = ( E /z ¿ ¿2
38. If the confidence interval for a population mean is too wide, what other action besides
increasing the sample size might help to make the interval narrower?
a. Decrease the confidence level.
b. Increase the sample size.
c. Increase the margin of error.
d. Decrease the variability of the sample.
39. When interpreting result from sample size determination problems, it is essential to?
a. Ignore the variability in the sample data.
b. Use a fixed sample size regardless of the population size.
c. Understand how changes in sample size impact the precision of the estimate.
d. Rely solely on historical data without adjusting for current study parameters.
40. In the context of sample size determination, what does increasing the confidence level
typically result in?
a. A narrower confidence interval.
b. A smaller sample size.
c. A wider confidence interval.
d. A more precise estimate of the population mean.
Prepared by:
JAYSAN R. BALUNAN
Subject Teacher
Noted By:
JOEVELYN L. BANQUILES
Head Teacher 1