Regulation: R22C22 Course Code: 22CS314/1
III B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations –December, 2025
COMPUTER NETWORKS
Time: 150 Min (CSE) Max. Marks:60M
SECTION – A
Answer all Four questions 4×8M=32M
1. a. What are the leading causes of packet delay in a packet-switched network? (2M)
b. A 100 MB file is being transferred over a 100 Mbps link. If the one-way
propagation delay is 50
ms and there is no packet loss, calculate the total time to transfer the file. Ignore
processing and queuing delays. (3M)
c. Using metrics such as queuing delay, packet loss ratio, throughput and buffer
occupancy, evaluate the impact of increasing throughput on performance in a
congested packet-switched network. Critically assess various strategies for
mitigating queuing delay and packet loss under these conditions. Which strategies
are most effective in different network environments, and what factors contribute
to their effectiveness?
(3M)
2. a. What is the purpose of using error detection and correction techniques in data
communication? (2M)
b. Given the data bits 1011001 and the generator polynomial 1101, compute the CRC
code by dividing the data bits by the generator. What is the transmitted code word?
(3M)
c. Construct the Hamming code for the data bits 1011001 and Compare the
performance of CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) and Hamming Code regarding
error detection and correction capabilities, overhead (redundancy bits to data bits
ratio), and complexity. In what scenarios would one be preferred over the other,
and why?
(3M)
3. a. What is the purpose of Random Access protocols in network communication?
Name two
common Random Access Protocols. (2M)
b. In a pure ALOHA system, if the time between packet transmissions is 1 second and
the average packet transmission time is 0.2 seconds, what is the probability of a
collision occurring if two users transmit data? (3M)
c. Analyze the current throughput of a wireless network using Pure ALOHA, given an
average packet generation rate of 100 packets per second, an average packet length
of 1,000 bits, and a channel bandwidth of 200 kbps. Identify the limitations of Pure
ALOHA in this scenario and propose a strategy for improving throughput using
Slotted ALOHA. After implementing this strategy under the same network
conditions, estimate the potential throughput gain. (3M)
4. a. What is the difference between a virtual circuit network and a datagram
network?
(2M)
b. In a datagram network, packets are transmitted from Host A to Host B through
three routers. If
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Regulation: R22C22 Course Code: 22CS314/1
each router takes 2 ms to process the packet and the propagation delay between
each pair of routers is 4 ms, calculate the total delay for the packet to reach
Host B, ignoring transmission delays.
(3M)
c. A small business, dependent on seamless real-time communication for client and
team interactions, faces latency issues during peak hours on its datagram network,
especially impacting video calls. To address this challenge, they are considering
either transitioning to a virtual circuit network or enhancing the current setup with
Quality of Service (quality of service) features. Critically analyze and compare
each option's performance, reliability, and cost implications. Synthesize a
recommendation based on your analysis, detailing the long-term impacts of your
choice on the business’s communication efficiency and operational costs.
(3M)
SECTION - B
Answer all Two questions 2×14M=28M
5. a. A company has been given a Class C IPv4 address block (e.g., [Link]/24) but
needs to support six departments with at least 30 hosts each. How would you
divide the address block into subnets to meet this need? Show how you calculate
the subnet mask and assign IP ranges. (4M)
b. Due to rapid expansion and an increasing number of connected devices, an
organization faces a critical shortage of IPv4 addresses. To address this issue,
the IT
department must choose between implementing Network Address Translation
(NAT) or adopting Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). Evaluate both
methods based on
metrics such as IP address utilization efficiency, scalability, network
complexity, and potential impact on performance. Compare their effectiveness
in conserving IPv4 addresses and facilitating future growth. (4M)
c. In designing a comprehensive addressing and routing strategy for the organization,
how would you integrate your subnetting approach from Q1 with either NAT or
CIDR to optimize IPv4 address usage and enhance network performance? Analyze
the potential benefits and trade-offs of each method in this context. (3M)
d. Considering the implementation of your addressing and routing strategy, what
specific challenges do you foresee, and how would you develop solutions to
mitigate these challenges? Evaluate the effectiveness of your proposed solutions in
ensuring a smooth implementation. (3M)
6. a. A gaming company is experiencing latency issues during online multiplayer
sessions and is considering switching from TCP to UDP to improve performance. Analyze
the potential trade-offs involved in this decision by evaluating metrics such as
latency, reliability, packet loss, and overall user experience. (4M)
b. Imagine a company, Tech Solutions Inc., that regularly transfers large files between
its headquarters and remote offices, such as software updates and client project
data. Recently,
the company has faced issues with frequent packet loss due to network congestion
and unreliable internet connections. The company must decide whether to use TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol) or UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for its file
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Regulation: R22C22 Course Code: 22CS314/1
transfer system to resolve these issues. (4M)
c. Design a real-time voice chat application with a focus on minimizing delay. Which
transport protocol—TCP or UDP—would you choose, and what rationale supports
your selection? Elaborate on the application's architecture and describe how you
would organize data transmission to optimize performance. (3M)
d. In the context of your voice chat application, how would you manage challenges
such as packet loss, minimal latency, and preserving audio quality during
communication? Propose specific strategies and evaluate their potential
effectiveness in ensuring a high-quality user experience.
(3M)
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