DAV FERTILIZER PUBLIC SCHOOL

BABRALA

ENGLISH

PROJECT FILE

“IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIAL ON

MENTAL HEALTH”

SESSION:2024-25

Class: - XI Science
Submitted to: -Mrs. Ekta Diwedi
 PLANNING SHEET
[Link] NAME TASK ASSIGNED TASK
MONTH
1 YUVRAJ SINGH COUNDUCT AND SEPT-DEC
RANA ANALYSE SURVEY,
PROJECT FILE ASSEMBLY
2 ANSH VARDHAN HEALTH USAGE OF NOV
AHALAWAT SOCIAL MEDIA

3 PRINCE PREPRATION OF SEPT

VARSHNEY QUESTIONNARE

4 ATIKSH STATISTICAL DATA, NOV-DEC

VARSHNEY REAL LIFE STORIES

5 PANKAJ YADAV LARGE SCALE SURVEY DEC

6 DEVANSH YADAV NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE DEC

IMPACT OF SOCIAL
MEDIA
 LARGE SCALE SURVEY(WEB)

SURVEY:1

Objective:This study investigated the longitudinal relationship

between the frequency of viewing and posting on social media
and mental health problems among UK adults.

Methods:This study included 15,836 adults (aged 16 years and

older) who participated in Understanding Society, a UK
longitudinal survey. Social media use was measured with
questions about the frequency of viewing social media and
posting on social media in Understanding Society Wave 11
(2019-2021). They explored viewing and posting separately, as
well as a combined exposure: (1) high viewing, high posting;
(2) high viewing, low posting;
(3) low viewing, high
posting; and (4) low
viewing, low posting.

Mental health problems were measured in Wave 12 (2020-2022)

using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a validated
scale for identifying symptoms of common mental health

problems, where higher scores indicated more mental health

problems (0 to 36). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression
models were estimated for viewing social media and posting on
social media, adjusting for the baseline GHQ score, gender, age,
ethnicity, employment, and education. We found no evidence for
effect modification by gender and age so overall associations
were reported.

Results: We found that adults who posted daily on social media

had more mental health problems than those who never posted
on social media, corresponding to a 0.35-point increase in GHQ
score (β=0.35, 95% CI 0.01-0.68; P=.04). When we considered
both social media behaviors, we found that those who frequently
viewed and posted on social media scored 0.31 points higher on
the GHQ score (β=0.31, 95% CI 0.04-0.58; P=.03) in the following
year compared to those who rarely viewed or posted on social
media.

SURVEY 2
1. Introduction
According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of
mental health problems is increasing at a rate of 13% per year .
Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health
issues, affecting 264 million and 280 million people worldwide,
respectively . In addition, an estimated 269 million people were
struggling with drug and substance abuse by the end of 2018 .
These numbers are likely to continue to rise due to a variety of
factors. Social media refers to applications that allow users to
interact with each other through the creation and exchange of
media, text, and calls within a network .

Methods
Saudi Arabia has a high level of social media usage, with 82.3% of
the population (29.5 million people) using social media in 2022 .
Young people, who

make up 36.74% of the population, are the biggest users of social

media in Saudi Arabia, with 98.43% of young people using social
networking sites . The top three reasons given by Saudis for using
social media are keeping in touch with friends and family, use of
free time, and finding products to purchase The prevalence of
mental health issues in the KSA is estimated to be around 20.2% .
Depression is the most common mental health condition,
affecting 21% of the population, followed by anxiety (17.5%) and
stress (12.6%) . Research has shown that social media use in
Saudi Arabia is correlated with increased mental health issues .
High social media exposure has also been found to be associated
with a higher risk of depression and anxiety in the kingdom .

Results:
The researcher established the criteria comparison matrix using
the responses to questions that asked participants to rank the
factors influencing their sentiments on social media features. The
ranking was based on the mean score obtained from the 385
responses regarding their criteria ranking. In this case, the
highest ranked criteria by the

respondents scored higher values in Table 3. Evidence suggests

that people decided which social media feature they valued
mostly based on its entertainment value (value = 6) and less so
based on the feature’s privacy (value = 1).
 SMALL SCALE SURVEY (GOOGLE FORMS)
FORM LINK: [Link]
SAMPLE SIZE:100 PEOPLE
Sample size break down:
10-18: 62
19-25: 24
26 and above: 16
Question’s asked: 15

QUESTIONS:
Q1. How much time do you spend on social media each day?

Most respondents (36%) spend 2-3 hours daily on social media.

A significant portion (22%) spends 1-2 hours, which shows
moderate usage.
13% of people spend less than 1 hour or 3-4 hours on social
media daily.
10% of respondents spend more than 4 hours on social media,
indicating heavy usage.
2. Which social media platforms do you use most frequently?
Results:

YouTube (77%) and WhatsApp (73%) dominate as the most

frequently used platforms.
• Instagram (54%) shows strong engagement, especially
among younger users.
• Traditional platforms like Facebook (15%) and Twitter (9%)
have declined in popularity.
Conclusion: The data highlights the popularity of video-based
(YouTube) and communication (WhatsApp) platforms, while
visual and professional platforms like Instagram and LinkedIn
maintain moderate engagement.

3. Has using social media ever made you feel anxious or

stressed?
 • 37% experience rare stress, suggesting minimal emotional
impact for most users.
• 19% frequently feel stressed, indicating a notable emotional
toll for some.
Conclusion: While the majority report minimal or no stress, a
significant minority (19%) frequently experiences anxiety due to
social media, underscoring its potential impact on emotional well-
being.

4. How often do you see content on social media that makes

you feel inadequate or jealous?

Results:
• Always: 4%
• Often: 9%
• Sometimes: 29%
• Rarely: 25%
• Never: 33%
Key Insights
• 33% never feel inadequate, showing resilience against social
comparisons.
 • 29% sometimes feel these emotions, indicating occasional
negative impacts.
• A combined 13% (Always + Often) consistently experience
such feelings.
Conclusion: Most users (58%) are unaffected or only occasionally
impacted, but a small segment frequently feels inadequate,
emphasizing the need for mindful consumption.

5. Do you feel pressure to portray a "perfect" version of your

life on social media?

Results:
• No: 50%
• Sometimes: 34%
• Yes: 10%
• Rarely: 6%
Key Insights:
• Half of the respondents feel no pressure, maintaining
authenticity online.
• 34% occasionally feel this pressure, influenced by specific
contexts.
• A smaller group (10%) consistently experiences this
pressure, raising concerns.
Conclusion: The majority feel no or minimal pressure to present
a curated life, though 10% consistently feel burdened, highlighting
potential stress factors.

6. Do you think social media has made you more isolated or

lonely?

Results:
• Yes: 10%
• Sometimes: 40%
• No: 36%
• I’m not sure: 14%
Key Insights:
• 40% feel isolated at times, indicating occasional negative
effects.
• 36% feel more connected, showcasing the positive side of
social media.
• 10% consistently feel isolated, highlighting a significant
concern.
Conclusion: Social media’s impact on isolation varies widely, with
both positive and negative experiences reported.

7. Do you think social media makes you more likely to

experience FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)?
Results:
• Yes: 17%
• No: 42%
• Sometimes: 29%
• Rarely: 12%
Key Insights:
• 42% do not experience FOMO, showing resilience to social
comparisons.
• 29% occasionally feel FOMO, influenced by specific content.
• 17% consistently experience FOMO, indicating a stronger
emotional impact.
Conclusion: While most users do not frequently experience
FOMO, a notable minority does, reflecting social media’s role in
shaping perceptions.
8. How do you feel after seeing posts about people traveling
or achieving things you haven’t done?

Results:
• Inspired: 64%
• Indifferent: 28%
 • Jealous or envious: 7%
• Depressed or down: 1%
Key Insights:
• 64% feel inspired, indicating positive motivational effects.
• A small portion (7%) feels jealousy, and 1% feels depressed,
showing negative impacts for some.
Conclusion: The majority of users find social media content
inspiring, though a small group experiences negative emotions,
highlighting diverse reactions.

9. How do you generally feel after spending time on social

media?

Results:
• More negative and drained: 66%
• Neutral: 17%
• More positive and energized: 13%
• Overwhelmed: 4%
Key Insights:
• 66% feel negative and drained, pointing to the emotional toll
of social media.
 • Only 13% feel positive, suggesting limited uplifting effects.
Conclusion: Social media often leaves users feeling emotionally
drained, emphasizing the need for balanced usage.

10. Would you say social media has helped or hurt your
relationships with family and friends?

Results:
• No impact: 46%
• Strengthened: 29%
• Hurt (caused misunderstandings): 13%
• Never analysed: 12%
Key Insights:
• 46% see no impact, while 29% report strengthened
relationships.
• 13% note misunderstandings, indicating challenges.
Conclusion: Social media’s impact on relationships is mixed, with
benefits for some and challenges for others.

11. Has social media ever helped you find support or

connection related to mental health?
Results:
• Yes, often: 32%
• No, never: 11%
• Sometimes: 30%
• Never looked: 27%
Key Insights:
• 62% find support (often or sometimes), showing its value as
a resource.
• 11% report unmet needs, highlighting gaps.
Conclusion: Social media is a valuable tool for mental health
support for many, though some users remain underserved.

12. Do you think social media has a positive impact on mental

health?
Results:
• Strongly agree: 12%
• Agree: 24%
• Neutral: 38%
• Disagree: 21%
• Strongly disagree: 5%
Key Insights:
• 36% find positive impacts, while 26% note negative effects.
• 38% remain neutral, reflecting mixed opinions.
Conclusion: Social media’s mental health impact is divisive, with
both positive and negative experiences reported.
13. How do you perceive the role of social media algorithms
in shaping your mental health?

Results:
• Moderately significant: 38%
• Slightly significant: 20%
• Very significant: 16%
• Extremely significant: 14%
• Not at all significant: 12%
Key Insights:
• 30% find significant impacts (very/extremely significant).
• 38% perceive moderate effects, showing a widespread
influence.
Conclusion: Social media algorithms significantly shape users’
mental health experiences, with many acknowledging their
impact.

14. Do you often compare yourself to others on social media?

Results:
• Rarely: 34%
• Never: 32%
• Occasionally: 19%
• Yes, regularly: 15%
Key Insights:
• 66% rarely or never compare themselves, showing
resilience.
• 34% experience comparisons to varying extents, indicating
social media’s influence on self-perception.
• Conclusion: While most users avoid frequent comparisons,
a significant minority does, highlighting the need for mindful
consumption.
STATISTICAL DATA
 Positive Impacts of Social Media

1. Facilitating Global Connections

Social media bridges geographical gaps, enabling people
worldwide to stay connected. Platforms like Facebook,
Instagram, and WhatsApp allow users to communicate
instantly, share updates, and maintain relationships with loved
ones, regardless of distance.
2. Providing Peer Support
Online communities and groups offer safe spaces for
individuals to discuss challenges like mental health, illnesses,
or personal struggles. These platforms foster peer support and
reduce feelings of isolation by connecting users with others
who share similar experiences.
3. Encouraging Self-Expression
Social media allows individuals to express their ideas,
creativity, and individuality. Whether through blogs, videos, or
posts, platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube empower
users to share their passions and talents, boosting their
confidence and self-esteem.
4. Promoting Awareness and Education
Social media plays a pivotal role in spreading awareness about
critical social, environmental, and health issues. Campaigns like
#MeToo, climate change movements, and mental health
initiatives have reached millions, sparking meaningful
conversations and societal change.
5. Offering Mental Health Resources
Platforms provide easy access to mental health resources and
support. Organizations like the National Suicide Prevention
Lifeline and various non-profits use social media to share
helpline numbers, coping strategies, and educational content,
making help accessible to a broader audience.
6. Fostering Community and Belonging
Social media creates communities where users can bond over
shared interests, from hobbies to cultural practices. For
marginalized groups, these online spaces provide a sense of
belonging and validation, empowering them to voice their
stories and connect with like-minded individuals.
7. Enhancing Learning Opportunities
Social media is a hub for knowledge-sharing, offering free
access to educational content. Platforms like LinkedIn,
YouTube, and even TikTok provide tutorials, webinars, and
insights from experts in various fields, helping individuals
acquire new skills or expand their knowledge base.
8. Boosting Small Businesses and Entrepreneurs
Social media has revolutionized marketing, enabling small
businesses and entrepreneurs to reach wider audiences.
Affordable advertising options and organic promotion
strategies on platforms like Instagram and Facebook have
helped many businesses thrive.
9. Encouraging Philanthropy and Crowdfunding
Social media has become a powerful tool for philanthropy,
allowing individuals and organizations to raise funds for
charitable causes or emergencies. Platforms like GoFundMe,
alongside viral campaigns, have enabled people to make a
tangible difference in others’ lives.
10. Reducing Stigmatization
By facilitating open discussions about sensitive topics such as
mental health, chronic illnesses, and social inequalities, social
media reduces stigma. Influencers, advocates, and
organizations use these platforms to educate and inspire,
encouraging inclusivity and understanding.
 Negative Impacts of Social Media
1. Mental Health Challenges
Social media has been linked to increased rates of anxiety,
depression, and stress. The addictive nature of platforms like
Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook encourages excessive use,
which can disrupt mental well-being.
o Validation Dependency: The need for likes, shares,
and comments creates a reliance on external validation.
Users who don’t receive this validation may experience
feelings of rejection or inadequacy.
o Chronic Stress: The constant exposure to notifications,
messages, and updates keeps users in a state of
heightened alertness, leading to mental exhaustion
over time.
2. Cyberbullying and Online Harassment
Social media platforms are breeding grounds for cyberbullying,
with individuals often hiding behind anonymous profiles to
target others.
o Psychological Harm: Victims of cyberbullying may
experience long-lasting effects, including low self-
esteem, depression, and even suicidal thoughts.
o Scale of the Issue: According to studies, a significant
percentage of teens and young adults report being
harassed online, and platforms like Instagram and
Twitter have become hotspots for such behavior.
3. Unrealistic Beauty Standards
Social media platforms heavily emphasize appearance, with
users often presenting highly curated and edited versions of
themselves.
 o Filtered Reality: The use of filters and editing tools
creates unattainable beauty standards, making users
feel dissatisfied with their real-life appearance.
o Impact on Teenagers: Young users, especially girls, are
particularly vulnerable to body image issues, leading to
eating disorders, body dysmorphia, and low self-worth.
4. Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)
Social media fuels FOMO, making users feel left out when they
see others enjoying activities, events, or experiences.
o Constant Comparison: Platforms act as highlight reels,
showing only the most exciting moments of others’
lives. This leads to a distorted perception of reality and
heightened feelings of inadequacy.
o Compulsive Behavior: FOMO drives users to check
their feeds frequently, disrupting daily routines,
reducing productivity, and exacerbating anxiety.
5. Addiction and Overuse
The addictive nature of social media is rooted in its ability to
trigger dopamine release, similar to addictive substances.
o Behavioral Addiction: Many users spend hours
scrolling through feeds, unable to disconnect, which
impacts their daily lives.
o Cognitive Impairment: Prolonged screen time can
reduce attention spans and hinder critical thinking
skills.
6. Negative Effects on Relationships
Social media can strain personal relationships by fostering
miscommunication, jealousy, and mistrust.
 o Conflict Arising from Misinterpretation:
Misunderstandings often arise when users interpret
posts or comments out of context.
o Neglect of Real-life Interactions: People sometimes
prioritize online interactions over meaningful face-to-
face connections, weakening the bonds in real
relationships.
7. Privacy Concerns and Data Misuse
Social media platforms collect vast amounts of user data, which
raises significant privacy issues.
o Data Exploitation: Personal information is often sold
to advertisers or mishandled, as seen in scandals like
the Cambridge Analytica case.
o Risk of Identity Theft: Publicly shared information
can be exploited by cybercriminals, leading to financial
or reputational damage.
8. Impact on Physical Health
Social media usage has tangible effects on users' physical
health, particularly when it leads to prolonged screen time.
o Sleep Disruption: The blue light emitted by screens
affects melatonin production, leading to poor sleep
quality and insomnia.
o Sedentary Lifestyle: Excessive time spent on social
media contributes to a lack of physical activity,
increasing the risk of obesity and related health issues.
9. Spread of Misinformation
Social media platforms are often used to disseminate false
information, with users sometimes failing to verify sources
before sharing content.
 o Public Confusion: The rapid spread of fake news
undermines trust in legitimate information sources.
o Polarization: Misinformation about sensitive topics,
such as politics and health, creates division and fosters
hostility among users.
10. Economic and Academic Disruption
Social media can negatively affect productivity in both
professional and educational settings.
o Workplace Impact: Employees distracted by social
media may experience decreased efficiency, missed
deadlines, and lower-quality output.
o Academic Challenges: Students who spend excessive
time on social platforms often report reduced academic
performance, as social media distracts them from
studying and disrupts their focus
 REAL LIFE STORIES/CASE STUDIES

1. Kareena shared her personal story about the pressures

of social media. Growing up, she always compared
herself to others, seeking validation from her peers. This
habit continued into adulthood, exacerbated by social
media, where she saw only the highlights of others'
lives. This constant comparison led to anxiety and a
feeling of inadequacy. Alyssa realized that social media
was contributing to her mental health struggles and
decided to take steps to limit her usage and focus on
self-acceptance.
2. Keegan Lee experienced a social media addiction during
the pandemic. She found herself constantly checking her
phone, unable to put it down even during meals or track
practice. This addiction interfered with her
relationships and self-perception. Realizing the negative
impact, Keegan deleted her social media apps and
became an advocate for digital mental health. Her story
highlights the importance of self-awareness and taking
control of one's social media usage.
3. Marrie was a patient who was recovering from a
primary depression and a secondary anxiety. While her
depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were in
remission, she still struggled at finding a way of income
to support her. Her dependency on her parents at the
age of 28 bothered her and thoughts associated to this
were triggering depressive mood. After discussions on
 identifying her strengths, she identified that she is
competent in making greeting cards which are of
sellable quality. Yet she felt that she lacked the resources
to connect with sellers. After further consideration, she
decided to directly attempt at selling her cards through
an FB page. This succeeded steadily and was helping the
patient develop more rational and positive thoughts
about her strengths. Further, appreciative comments
from others on her creations had a positive impact on
her self-esteem. During the course of therapy she also
learnt skills to respond to possible negative comments
in future.

4. Ayesha Akram might not mean much to many of the

people reading this, but in Pakistan, she’s something of a
social media star. In August 2021, she and a group of
friends traveled to the Minar-e-Pakistan monument in
Lahore to record people celebrating the country’s
Independence Day.
But as they were filming in Iqbal Park, hundreds of
men began swarming around them. At first, they only
took selfies, but the mob soon turned violent. As
Akram later described to reporters, she was
completely surrounded by people who groped her
and tore away her clothes, leaving the influencer with
no room to escape. Those who tried to intervene
found themselves blocked off by the sheer enormity
of the crowd. In total, the attack is reported to have
lasted around two and a half hours, with Akram
struggling to breathe at points.
The incident drew criticism from many Pakistani
officials and public figures. “The full might of the Govt
will come down upon those involved in the
horrendous Lahore incident,” tweeted Hashim Jawan
Bakht, Punjab Minister of Finance. “Society is judged
by its treatment of women and the freedom they
have. This is not what Pakistan stands for.”
 HEALHTY USAGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
1. Set Time Limits
Excessive time on social media can lead to burnout and disrupt
daily life. Setting limits helps maintain balance.
o Use apps like Screen Time (iOS) or Digital Wellbeing
(Android) to monitor and control your usage.
o Avoid using social media during critical hours, such as
before bedtime, to improve sleep quality.
2. Curate Your Content
The type of content you consume affects your mental well-
being. Follow accounts that inspire, educate, and uplift.
o Unfollow pages or individuals that spread negativity or
trigger unhealthy comparisons.
o Engage with positive creators and educational content
that aligns with your interests and goals.
3. Take Regular Breaks
Social media breaks are essential to avoid digital fatigue and
stress.
o Schedule specific times when you disconnect
completely, like during meals or weekends.
o Use these breaks to engage in hobbies, exercise, or
spend time with loved ones.
4. Avoid Mindless Scrolling
Passive scrolling often leads to wasted time and dissatisfaction.
Be intentional with your time online.
o Focus on meaningful interactions by commenting or
sharing posts that resonate with you.
o Set goals for your online sessions, such as learning
something new or catching up with friends.
5. Protect Your Privacy
Social media can expose personal information if not used
carefully.
o Use privacy settings to control who sees your posts and
profile.
o Avoid sharing sensitive information like your address,
location, or personal identifiers publicly.
6. Promote Positive Interactions
Healthy usage involves treating others with kindness and
respect online.
o Avoid engaging in arguments or spreading negativity.
o Be supportive and constructive when commenting or
sharing opinions.
7. Balance Online and Offline Activities
A healthy relationship with social media requires time for real-
life relationships and hobbies.
o Dedicate time to offline activities, such as reading,
painting, or playing sports.
o Establish phone-free zones or hours to fully engage
with family and friends.
8. Be Mindful of Emotional Triggers
Social media can evoke strong emotions, from joy to
frustration. Recognize and manage these triggers.
o If certain content makes you feel anxious or
inadequate, unfollow or mute those accounts.
o Use mindfulness techniques to pause and assess your
feelings before reacting online.
9. Consume Content Wisely
With misinformation rampant on social media, it’s vital to
verify sources and engage critically.
o Fact-check posts before believing or sharing them.
o Follow credible sources for news and educational
material.
10. Use Social Media for Growth
Leverage social media to learn, connect, and grow.
o Join online communities that align with your interests
or professional goals.
o Use platforms to network, share ideas, and collaborate
with others.
 CONCLUSION
1. Yuvraj Singh Rana
Through this project, I have gained a deeper understanding of
how social media impacts mental health both positively and
negatively. It has taught me the importance of balancing my online
activities with offline interactions and being mindful of the
content I consume. I now understand how excessive use of social
media can lead to stress and anxiety, and I am committed to
practicing healthier habits to maintain my mental well-being.

2. Anshvardhan Ahlawat
Working on this project has been a valuable experience as it has
highlighted the dual nature of social media. While it fosters
connections and provides a platform for self-expression, it also
poses risks such as addiction and cyberbullying. I have learned
the importance of curating a positive online environment and
limiting screen time to ensure my mental health remains
unaffected. This project has encouraged me to use social media
more responsibly.

3. Devansh Yadav
This project has been an eye-opening journey for me. I have
realized how social media influences emotions, relationships, and
self-esteem. The research emphasized the importance of taking
regular breaks and engaging in meaningful offline activities. I have
learned that social media can be a powerful tool if used wisely,
and I plan to adopt mindful usage habits to make the most of it
without compromising my mental health.
4. Atiksh Varshney
Exploring the impact of social media on mental health has made
me more aware of how it affects people differently. I learned that
while it offers opportunities for learning and connection, it can
also lead to feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. This project has
motivated me to approach social media with caution, focusing on
its positive aspects while avoiding excessive usage and harmful
comparisons.

5. Prince Varshney
This project has taught me the significance of using social media
in moderation. I have learned that being mindful of the content I
consume and avoiding toxic influences are essential for
maintaining good mental health. Understanding the potential
dangers, such as cyberbullying and addiction, has encouraged me
to make conscious efforts to engage with social media in a
balanced and positive way.

6. Pankaj Yadav
Through this project, I have gained a comprehensive
understanding of how social media affects mental health. I have
learned that setting boundaries, taking breaks, and prioritizing
real-life connections are crucial for a healthier relationship with
social media. This experience has encouraged me to use social
platforms responsibly and promote their benefits while
minimizing the risks for myself and others.
RESOURCES USED
➢ National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
(NIMHANS) - India
[Link]
➢ Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) - India
[Link]
➢ Mental Health Foundation India (MHFI)
[Link]
➢ Samaritans Mumbai - Suicide Prevention and Mental Health
[Link]
➢ Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS)
[Link]
➢ The Times of India - Social Media and Mental Health
[Link]
➢ PMC HOME:-PMC Home
➢ COPILOT
➢ CHATGPT
➢ YOUTUBE
 GROUP 1 MEMBERS:

YUVRAJ SINGH RANA PANKAJ YADAV

DEVANSH YADAV
(LEADER) ROLL NO: 10
ROLL NO: 7
ROLL NO: 21

ATIKSH VARSHNEY ANSH VARDHAN

PRINCE VARSHNEY
ROLL NO: 6 AHALAWAT
ROLL NO:13
ROLL NO: 4