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Complex Analysis Assignment Solutions

The document discusses various concepts in complex analysis, including Laurent/Taylor representation, differentiation of power series, and the Cauchy-Residue theorem. It also covers the characterization of poles, residue computation, and the Cauchy-Riemann equations related to differentiability and analyticity of functions. Each section provides mathematical formulas and explanations relevant to the topics.

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4 views4 pages

Complex Analysis Assignment Solutions

The document discusses various concepts in complex analysis, including Laurent/Taylor representation, differentiation of power series, and the Cauchy-Residue theorem. It also covers the characterization of poles, residue computation, and the Cauchy-Riemann equations related to differentiability and analyticity of functions. Each section provides mathematical formulas and explanations relevant to the topics.

Uploaded by

Anonymous Helper
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solutions to Complex Analysis Assignment

1. Laurent/Taylor Representation in the Disc


Let f be analytic in D = {z : |z| < R}. For any z ∈ D choose r with |z| < r < R. Cauchy’s
integral formula gives Z
1 f (t)
f (z) = dt.
2πi |t|=r t − z
For |z| < r,
X zn ∞
1
= n+1
,
t−z n=0
t

uniformly on |t| = r. Term-by-term integration yields


∞  Z 
X 1 f (t)
f (z) = n+1
dt z n .
n=0
2πi |t|=r t

For n < 0, analyticity of f inside |t| < R gives the integral 0. Thus
Z
X
n 1 f (t)
f (z) = an z , an = dt.
n∈Z
2πi |t|=r tn+1

Uniqueness follows by applying the same integral formula to the difference of two such
expansions.

2. Differentiation of a Power Series


For ∞
X
f (z) = an (z − z0 )n
n=0

1
with radius of convergence R, partial sums converge uniformly on |z − z0 | ≤ ρ < R, and
their derivatives also converge uniformly. Hence
∞
X
f ′ (z) = nan (z − z0 )n−1 , |z − z0 | < R.
n=1

3. Cauchy–Residue Theorem
Let C be a positively oriented simple closed contour, and f analytic on C and inside it
except for isolated singularities ak . Shrink C to small circles Ck around each ak using
Cauchy’s theorem:
Z n Z
X
f (z) dz = f (z) dz.
C k=1 Ck

Using the Laurent expansion at ak , only the (z − ak )−1 term survives:


Z
f (z) dz = 2πi Res(f, ak ).
Ck

Thus Z n
X
f (z) dz = 2πi Res(f, ak ).
C k=1

4. Pole of Order 100 and Residue Formula


(a) Characterization of pole of order 100
If the Laurent expansion at 0 is
∞
X
f (z) = cn z n , c−100 ̸= 0,
n=−100

factor z −100 : ∞
Φ(z) X
f (z) = 100 , Φ(z) = cn−100 z n ,
z n=0

analytic with Φ(0) = c−100 ̸= 0. Conversely, any such representation yields a Laurent
expansion with lowest term z −100 , so the point is a pole of order 100.

2
(b) Computing the residue
Write the Taylor series
∞
X Φ(n) (0)
Φ(z) = zn.
n=0
n!

Then ∞
X Φ(n) (0)
f (z) = z n−100 .
n=0
n!

The residue is the coefficient of z −1 , obtained for n = 99:

Φ(99) (0)
Resz=0 f (z) = .
99!

5. Differentiability and the Cauchy–Riemann Equations


Let f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y).

(i) If f is differentiable at z0 , then u and v are differentiable at z0 .


Complex differentiability gives a real-linear approximation with matrix corresponding to
multiplication by f ′ (z0 ), which is exactly total differentiability of u and v.

(ii) If f is analytic at z0 , then u and v are differentiable.


Analyticity implies differentiability at z0 , reducing to (i).

(iii) If u, v are differentiable and Cauchy–Riemann hold at z0 , then


f is differentiable at z0 .
Write the linear approximations for u and v, impose

ux = vy , uy = −vx ,

and check that the linear part equals (a + ib)h with a = ux , b = vx . The error term is o(|h|),
giving complex differentiability.

3
(iv) If u, v are differentiable on D and Cauchy–Riemann hold on D,
then f is analytic.
From (iii), f is complex differentiable at every point of D, hence analytic on D.

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