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Understanding Reported Speech Rules

Reported speech is a way to convey what someone said without quoting their exact words, involving changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and time expressions. It includes specific structures for reported questions and commands, and common examples illustrate these transformations. Additionally, the document briefly discusses earthquakes, emphasizing safety measures and preparedness during such natural disasters.

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Ryan Bennett
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2 views4 pages

Understanding Reported Speech Rules

Reported speech is a way to convey what someone said without quoting their exact words, involving changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and time expressions. It includes specific structures for reported questions and commands, and common examples illustrate these transformations. Additionally, the document briefly discusses earthquakes, emphasizing safety measures and preparedness during such natural disasters.

Uploaded by

Ryan Bennett
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

REPORTED SPEECH

1. What is Reported Speech?


Reported speech (or indirect speech) is used to tell someone what another person said,
without using the exact words.

 Direct Speech: “I am tired,” she said.


 Reported(inderct) Speech: She said that she was tired.

We usually change:

 Pronouns
 Verb tenses
 Time expressions

2. Common Changes in Reported Speech


A. PRONOUN CHANGES
We change pronouns depending on who is speaking.

Direct Speech Reported Speech


“I am happy.” He said he was happy.
“We will come.” They said they would come.

3. TENSE CHANGES (Backshifting)


When the reporting verb is past (said, told), the tense usually moves one step back.

Direct Speech Reported Speech


Present Simple: “I like it.” → Past Simple: She said she liked it.
Present Continuous: “I’m studying.” → Past Continuous: He said he was studying.
Past Simple: “I bought it.” → Past Perfect: She said she had bought it.
Future (will): “I will go.” → would: He said he would go.

4. TIME & PLACE CHANGES


Direct Speech Reported Speech
today that day
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next day
now then
here there
this that
these those

5. REPORTING VERBS
 said (no object)
→ She said that she was tired.
 told + object
→ She told me that she was tired.
 asked (for questions)

6. REPORTED QUESTIONS
Yes/No Questions
Use if or whether + statement word order.

 “Do you like pizza?”


→ She asked me if I liked pizza.

Wh- Questions
Use wh-word + statement word order (no inversion).

 “Where did you live?”


→ He asked me where I had lived.

7. REPORTED COMMANDS /
REQUESTS
Structure: tell/ask + object + to + base verb
Direct Speech Reported Speech
“Sit down!” He told me to sit down.
“Please help me.” She asked me to help her.

Negative: not + to + verb

 “Don’t touch it!” → He told me not to touch it.

8. EXAMPLES
1. “I am busy now.” → She said she was busy then.
2. “We are going tomorrow.” → They said they were going the next day.
3. “I didn’t see him.” → He said he hadn’t seen him.
4. “Will you come?” → He asked me if I would come.
5. “Why are you late?” → She asked me why I was late.
Earthquake –

Intro – What is earthquake?

• -natural disaster ,
• earthquke – shaking ground ,
• very dangerous.
•

Body - What happens to: ( before , during and after)

• Houses? – , Things fall down ,house collaspe

• Roads?- crack/ faultline/ landslide

• People?- People feel scared/ sad,injured, panic,hurt.

Conclusion – What should we do during an earthquake? - Drop, cover, hold on

• Where is a safe place? - under table, open space

• Why must we be prepared? - to stay safe, - first aid kit, emergency bags,
foods and suppiles, escape route, money.

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