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Diffusion Tutorial: Calculations & Concepts

The document provides a tutorial on diffusion, detailing calculations related to jump rates, vacancy fractions, diffusion coefficients, and carburizing processes. It includes specific examples with equations and results for various temperatures and materials. Additionally, it discusses grain growth in a Cu-Zn alloy and the activation energy required for these processes.

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8 views2 pages

Diffusion Tutorial: Calculations & Concepts

The document provides a tutorial on diffusion, detailing calculations related to jump rates, vacancy fractions, diffusion coefficients, and carburizing processes. It includes specific examples with equations and results for various temperatures and materials. Additionally, it discusses grain growth in a Cu-Zn alloy and the activation energy required for these processes.

Uploaded by

Anonymous Helper
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial on Diffusion

1. Atoms are found to move from one lattice position to another at the rate of 5 × 10 5
jumps/s at 400oC when the activation energy for their movement is 30,000 cal/mol.
Calculate the jump rate at 750oC.
Rate = C0. exp (-Q/RT)
Find C0 from the data pertaining to 400°C
Calculate the Jumps/S at 750°C using C0
Ans = 1.08 X 109 jumps/sec

2. The number of vacancies in a material is related to temperature by an Arrhenius


equation. If the fraction of lattice points containing vacancies is 8 × 10−5 at 600oC,
determine the fraction at 1000oC. Given Q = 16364 cal/mole
nv = [Link](-Q/RT)
Ans = 1.552X10-3
3. The diffusion coefficient for Cr+3 in Cr2O3 is 6 × 10−15 cm2/s at 727oC and is 1 × 10−9 cm2/s at 1400oC.
Calculate (a) the activation energy and (b) the constant Do
4. A 0.05 cm layer of magnesium oxide (MgO) is deposited between layers of nickel (Ni) and
tantalum (Ta) to provide a diffusion barrier that prevents reactions between the two metals. At
1400oC, nickel ions are created and diffuse through the MgO ceramic to the tantalum. Determine
the number of nickel ions that pass through the MgO per second. The diffusion coefficient of
nickel ions in MgO is 9  10-12 cm2/s, and the lattice parameter of nickel at 1400oC is 3.6  10-8
cm.

Δc atoms
J=−D =(9×10−12 cm 2 / s)(−1 . 71×1024 3 )
Δx cm . cm
Niatoms
J=1 . 54×1013 2
cm . s
Total nickel atoms crossing 2 X 2 cm2 area per second is = 6.16  1013 Ni atoms/s

5. The surface of a 0.1% C steel gears is to be hardened by carburizing. In gas carburizing, the steel
gears are placed in an atmosphere that provides 1.2% C at the surface of the steel at a high
temperature (Figure). Carbon then diffuses from the surface into the steel. For optimum
properties, the steel must contain 0.45% C at a depth of 0.2 cm below the surface. Design a
carburizing heat treatment that will produce these optimum properties. Assume that the
temperature is high enough (at least 900 oC) so that the iron has the FCC structure., Q=32900
cal/mole, D0=0.23cm2/s,

6. A Cu-Zn alloy has a initial grain diameter of 0.01mm. The alloy is then heated to various
temperatures permitting grain growth to occur. The times required for grains to grow to a
diameter of 0.3 mm are

Temperature , K Time , min

873 3000

973 120

1073 10

1123 3

Determine the activation energy

Ans, Q= 51000 cal/mole


Rate = C0. exp (-Q/RT)

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