Python Data Types

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Data types in Python are a way to classify data items. They represent the kind of
value, which determines what operations can be performed on that data. Since
everything is an object in Python programming, Python data types are classes
and variables are instances (objects) of these classes.
The following are standard or built-in data types in Python:
 Numeric: int, float, complex
 Sequence Type: string, list, tuple
 Mapping Type: dict
 Boolean: bool
 Set Type: set, frozenset
 Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview
DataTypes
Below code assigns variable 'x' different values of few Python data types - int,
float, list, tuple and string. Each assignment replaces previous value, making 'x'
take on data type and value of most recent assignment.
x = 50 # int
x = 60.5 # float
x = "Hello World" # string
x = ["geeks", "for", "geeks"] # list
x = ("geeks", "for", "geeks") # tuple
1. Numeric Data Types
Python numbers represent data that has a numeric value. A numeric value can
be an integer, a floating number or even a complex number. These values are
defined as int, float and complex classes.
 Integers: value is represented by int class. It contains positive or negative
whole numbers (without fractions or decimals). There is no limit to how long
an integer value can be.
 Float: value is represented by float class. It is a real number with a floating-
point representation. It is specified by a decimal point. Optionally, character
e or E followed by a positive or negative integer may be appended to specify
scientific notation.
 Complex Numbers: It is represented by a complex class. It is specified as
(real part) + (imaginary part)j. For example - 2+3j

a=5
print(type(a))
b = 5.0
print(type(b))

c = 2 + 4j
print(type(c))

Output
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'>

2. Sequence Data Types

A sequence is an ordered collection of items, which can be of similar or different
data types. Sequences allow storing of multiple values in an organized and
efficient fashion. There are several sequence data types of Python:
String Data Type
Python Strings are arrays of bytes representing Unicode characters. In Python,
there is no character data type, a character is a string of length one. It is
represented by str class.
Strings in Python can be created using single quotes, double quotes or even
triple quotes. We can access individual characters of a String using index.

s = 'Welcome to the Geeks World'

print(s)

# check data type

print(type(s))

# access string with index

print(s[1])
print(s[2])
print(s[-1])

Output
Welcome to the Geeks World
<class 'str'>
e
l
d

List Data Type

Lists are similar to arrays found in other languages. They are an ordered and
mutable collection of items. It is very flexible as items in a list do not need to be
of the same type.
Creating a List in Python
Lists in Python can be created by just placing sequence inside the square
brackets[].

# Empty list
a = []

# list with int values

a = [1, 2, 3]
print(a)

# list with mixed values int and String

b = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks", 4, 5]
print(b)

Output
[1, 2, 3]
['Geeks', 'For', 'Geeks', 4, 5]

Access List Items

In order to access the list items refer to index number. In Python, negative
sequence indexes represent positions from end of the array. Instead of having
to compute offset as in List[len(List)-3], it is enough to just write List[-3].
Negative indexing means beginning from end, -1 refers to last item, -2 refers to
second-last item, etc.

a = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]

print("Accessing element from the list")
print(a[0])
print(a[2])

print("Accessing element using negative indexing")

print(a[-1])
print(a[-3])

Output
Accessing element from the list
Geeks
Geeks
Accessing element using negative indexing
Geeks
Geeks

Tuple Data Type

Tuple is an ordered collection of Python objects. The only difference between a
tuple and a list is that tuples are immutable. Tuples cannot be modified after it
is created.
Creating a Tuple in Python
In Python, tuples are created by placing a sequence of values separated by a
‘comma’ with or without the use of parentheses for grouping data sequence.
Tuples can contain any number of elements and of any datatype (like strings,
integers, lists, etc.).
Note: Tuples can also be created with a single element, but it is a bit tricky.
Having one element in the parentheses is not sufficient, there must be a trailing
‘comma’ to make it a tuple.

# initiate empty tuple

tup1 = ()

tup2 = ('Geeks', 'For')

print("\nTuple with the use of String: ", tup2)

Output
Tuple with the use of String: ('Geeks', 'For')

Note - The creation of a Python tuple without the use of parentheses is known
as Tuple Packing.

Access Tuple Items

In order to access tuple items refer to the index number. Use the index operator
[ ] to access an item in a tuple.

tup1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

# access tuple items

print(tup1[0])
print(tup1[-1])
print(tup1[-3])

Output
1
5
3

3. Boolean Data Type

Python Boolean Data type is one of the two built-in values, True or False.
Boolean objects that are equal to True are truthy (true) and those equal to False
are falsy (false). However non-Boolean objects can be evaluated in a Boolean
context as well and determined to be true or false. It is denoted by class bool.

print(type(True))
print(type(False))
print(type(true))
Output:
<class 'bool'>
<class 'bool'>

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/home/[Link]", line 8, in
print(type(true))
NameError: name 'true' is not defined

Truthy and Falsy Values

In Python, truthy and falsy values are values that evaluate to True or False in a
Boolean context. Truthy values behave like True, while falsy values behave like
False when used in conditions.

if 1:
print("1 is truthy")

if not 0:
print("0 is falsy")

Output
1 is truthy
0 is falsy

4. Set Data Type

In Python Data Types, Set is an unordered collection of data types that is
iterable, mutable, and has no duplicate elements. The order of elements in a set
is undefined though it may consist of various elements.
Create a Set in Python
Sets can be created by using the built-in set() function with an iterable object or
a sequence by placing the sequence inside curly braces, separated by a
‘comma’. The type of elements in a set need not be the same, various mixed-up
data type values can also be passed to the set.

# initializing empty set

s1 = set()

s1 = set("GeeksForGeeks")
print("Set with the use of String: ", s1)

s2 = set(["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"])

print("Set with the use of List: ", s2)

Output
Set with the use of String: {'s', 'o', 'F', 'G', 'e', 'k', 'r'}
Set with the use of List: {'Geeks', 'For'}

Access Set Items

Set items cannot be accessed by referring to an index, since sets are unordered
the items have no index. But we can loop through the set items using a for loop,
or ask if a specified value is present in a set, by using the keyword in.

set1 = set(["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]) #Duplicates are removed automatically

print(set1)

# loop through set

for i in set1:
print(i, end=" ") #prints elements one by one

# check if item exist in set

print("Geeks" in set1)

Output
{'For', 'Geeks'}
For Geeks True

5. Dictionary Data Type

A dictionary in Python is a collection of data values, used to store data values
like a map, unlike other Python Data Types, a Dictionary holds a key: value pair.
Key-value is provided in dictionary to make it more optimized. Each key-value
pair in a Dictionary is separated by a colon : , whereas each key is separated by
a ‘comma’.
Create a Dictionary in Python
Values in a dictionary can be of any datatype and can be duplicated, whereas
keys can’t be repeated and must be immutable. The dictionary can also be
created by the built-in function dict().
Note - Dictionary keys are case sensitive, the same name but different cases of
Key will be treated distinctly.

# initialize empty dictionary

d = {}

d = {1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

print(d)

# creating dictionary using dict() constructor

d1 = dict({1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'})
print(d1)

Output
{1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}
{1: 'Geeks', 2: 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

Accessing Key-value in Dictionary

In order to access items of a dictionary refer to its key name. Key can be used
inside square brackets. Using get() method we can access dictionary elements.

d = {1: 'Geeks', 'name': 'For', 3: 'Geeks'}

# Accessing an element using key

print(d['name'])

# Accessing a element using get

print([Link](3))

Output
For
Geeks
Simple Explanation

 Integer: Used to store whole numbers

Example: 10
 Float: Used to store decimal numbers
Example: 12.5
 String: Used to store text or characters
Example: "Python"
 Boolean: Used to store True or False
Example: True
 Complex: Used to store complex numbers
Example: 2 + 3j
 List: Used to store multiple values and can be changed
Example: [1, 2, 3]
  Tuple: Used to store multiple values and cannot be changed
Example: (4, 5, 6)
  Set: Used to store unique values
Example: {7, 8, 9}
  Dictionary: Used to store data in key–value form
Example: {"name": "Ravi", "age": 18}

# Program to demonstrate basic data types in Python

# Integer data type

a = 10

print("Integer value:", a)

print("Type:", type(a))

# Float data type

b = 20.5

print("\nFloat value:", b)

print("Type:", type(b))

# String data type

c = "Python Programming"
print("\nString value:", c)

print("Type:", type(c))

# Boolean data type

d = True

print("\nBoolean value:", d)

print("Type:", type(d))

# Complex data type

e = 3 + 4j

print("\nComplex value:", e)

print("Type:", type(e))

# List data type

f = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print("\nList value:", f)

print("Type:", type(f))

# Tuple data type

g = (10, 20, 30)

print("\nTuple value:", g)

print("Type:", type(g))

# Set data type

h = {5, 10, 15}

print("\nSet value:", h)
 print("Type:", type(h))

# Dictionary data type

i = {"name": "Ravi", "age": 18}

print("\nDictionary value:", i)

print("Type:", type(i))

Here is a simple Python program (student-friendly) to check whether a given number is even
or not:

# Program to check whether a number is even or not

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if num % 2 == 0:
print("The number is Even")
else:
print("The number is Odd")

# Program to check whether a number is odd or not

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if num % 2 != 0:
print("The number is Odd")
else:
print("The number is Not Odd (Even)")
Example Output:
csharp
Copy code
Enter a number: 7
The number is Odd
mathematica
Copy code
Enter a number: 10
The number is Not Odd (Even)
Simple Explanation:
% gives remainder after division

If remainder is not 0, the number is odd

If remainder is 0, the number is even