Matplotlib:
Matplotlib is a widely-used Python library used for creating static, animated and interactive data
visualizations. It is built on the top of NumPy and it can easily handles large datasets for creating
various types of plots such as line charts, bar charts, scatter plots, etc.
Visualizing Data with Pyplot using Matplotlib
Pyplot is a module in Matplotlib that provides a simple interface for creating plots. It allows users to
generate charts like line graphs, bar charts and histograms with minimal code. Let’s explore some
examples with simple code to understand how to use it effectively.
1. Line Chart
Line chart is one of the basic plots and can be created using plot() function. It is used to represent a
relationship between two data X and Y on a different axis.
Syntax:
[Link](x, y)
Parameter: x, y Coordinates for data points.
Example: This code plots a simple line chart with labeled axes and a title using Matplotlib.
import [Link] as plt
x = [10, 20, 30, 40]
y = [20, 25, 35, 55]
[Link](x, y)
[Link]("Line Chart")
[Link]('Y-Axis')
[Link]('X-Axis')
[Link]()
2. Bar Chart
Bar chart displays categorical data using rectangular bars whose lengths are proportional to the
values they represent. It can be plotted vertically or horizontally to compare different categories.
Syntax:
[Link](x, height)
Parameter:
• x: Categories or positions on x-axis.
• height: Heights of the bars (y-axis values).
Example: This code creates a simple bar chart to show total bills for different days. X-axis represents
the days and Y-axis shows total bill amount.
import [Link] as plt
x = ['Thur', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
y = [170, 120, 250, 190]
[Link](x, y)
[Link]("Bar Chart")
[Link]("Day")
[Link]("Total Bill")
[Link]()
3. Histogram
Histogram shows the distribution of data by grouping values into bins. The hist() function is used to
create it, with X-axis showing bins and Y-axis showing frequencies.
Syntax:
[Link](x, bins=None)
Parameter:
• x: Input data.
• bins: Number of bins (intervals) to group data.
Example: This code plots a histogram to show frequency distribution of total bill values from the list
x. It uses 10 bins and adds axis labels and a title for clarity.
import [Link] as plt
x = [7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15, 16, 16, 17, 18, 18, 19, 20, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50]
[Link](x, bins=10, color='steelblue')
[Link]("Histogram")
[Link]("Total Bill")
[Link]("Frequency")
[Link]()
4. Scatter Plot
Scatter plots are used to observe relationships between variables. The scatter() method in the
matplotlib library is used to draw a scatter plot.
Syntax:
[Link](x, y)
Parameter: x, y Coordinates of the points.
Example: This code creates a scatter plot to visualize the relationship between days and total bill
amounts using scatter().
import [Link] as plt
x = ['Thur', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun', 'Thur', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
y = [170, 120, 250, 190, 160, 130, 240, 200]
[Link](x, y)
[Link]("Scatter Plot")
[Link]("Day")
[Link]("Total Bill")
[Link]()
5. Pie Chart
Pie chart is a circular chart used to show data as proportions or percentages. It is created using the
pie(), where each slice (wedge) represents a part of the whole.
Syntax:
[Link](x, labels=None, autopct=None)
Parameter:
• x: Data values for pie slices.
• labels: Names for each slice.
• autopct: Format to display percentage (e.g., '%1.1f%%').
Example: This code creates a simple pie chart to visualize distribution of different car brands. Each
slice of pie represents the proportion of cars for each brand in the dataset.
import [Link] as plt
import pandas as pd
cars = ['AUDI', 'BMW', 'FORD','TESLA', 'JAGUAR',]
data = [23, 10, 35, 15, 12]
[Link](data, labels=cars)
[Link](" Pie Chart")
[Link]()
6. Box Plot
Box plot is a simple graph that shows how data is spread out. It displays the minimum, maximum,
median and quartiles and also helps to spot outliers easily.
Syntax:
[Link](x, notch=False, vert=True)
Parameter:
• x: Data for which box plot is to be drawn (usually a list or array).
• notch: If True, draws a notch to show the confidence interval around the median.
• vert: If True, boxes are vertical. If False, they are horizontal.
Example: This code creates a box plot to show the data distribution and compare three groups using
matplotlib
import [Link] as plt
data = [ [10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22],
[8, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19, 21],
[14, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27] ]
[Link](data)
[Link]("Groups")
[Link]("Values")
[Link]("Box Plot")
[Link]()
7. Heatmap
Heatmap is a graphical representation of data where values are shown as colors. It helps visualize
patterns, correlations or intensity in a matrix-like format. It is created using imshow() method in
Matplotlib.
Syntax:
[Link](X, cmap='viridis')
Parameter:
• X: 2D array (data to display as an image or heatmap).
• cmap: Sets the color map.
Example: This code creates a heatmap of random 10×10 data using imshow(). It uses 'viridis' color
map and colorbar() adds a color scale.
import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np
[Link](0)
data = [Link](10, 10)
[Link](data, cmap='viridis', interpolation='nearest')
[Link]()
[Link]('X-axis Label')
[Link]('Y-axis Label')
[Link]('Heatmap')
[Link]()