Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology, Inc.
Quezon Drive, Calero, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
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SUBJECT: Gender and Society DATE:
MODULE #: 3 TEACHER: Mr. Charles Ledgear G. Abante
I. TOPIC: Gender and the Human Body
II. TARGET LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the student is expected to:
1. Determine the differences of the female and male bodies
2. Discuss the impact of physiological differences of the male and female genders
3. Observe proper healthcare of the human body
IV. MATERIALS NEEDED AND REFERENCES
1. Gender and Society. Rodolfo M. Martinez and Francis M. Camposano.2022
V. GEAR UP YOUR MIND
The Biological Male and Female
Chromosomes
Chromosomes determine the biological sex of an individual. A natural male individual has one X
chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY). A biologically female has two X chromosomes (XX).
however, some people with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) have both an X and Y
chromosome but appear to be female. Without genetic testing, AIS kids are frequently given female
sex at birth and reared as girls. They may not understand they are biologically male until they
reach puberty and stop menstruating.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical molecules that are secreted by glans all over the body and transported
through the bloodstream. Both men and women have the same sex hormones, but the amounts
and effects they have on different sections of the body varies.
Testosterone is a sex hormone that impacts development and behavior both before and after birth
in both males and females. When testosterone is secreted in the womb, it induces the development
of male sex organs (at 7 weeks) and operates on the hypothalamus, causing the brain to
masculinize. Testosterone can create traits that are traditionally associated with men, such as
aggression, competitive, visuospatial ability, and increased sexual desire.
In men, the testicles primarily make testosterone. Women’s ovaries also make testosterone,
though in much smaller amounts.
Low levels of testosterone (low T levels) in men are manifested in a variety of symptoms:
1. Decreased sex drive
2. Less energy
3. Weight gain
4. Feelings of depression
5. Moodiness
6. Low self-esteem
7. Less body hair
8. Thinner bodies
Testosterone levels decline steadily in adult women, and they have the following symptoms:
1. Low libido
2. Reduced bone strength
3. Poor concentration
4. Depression
The Reproductive System
Male
The male reproductive system is consisted of the exterior genitals (the penis, testes, and scrotum)
and internal portions (the prostate gland, vas deferens, and urethra).
1. Penis - it is a cylindrical tube which functions as both reproductive organ (sexual intercourse)
and excretory organ (urination).
2. Testes (testiles) - a pair of oval-shaped organs masked in a pouch called the scrotum. They
produce sperm and testosterone, the male sex hormone.
3. Scrotum - it is the sac-like organ hanging below the penis and it house the testicles. It maintains
a temperaure that is required for the production of sperm.
4. Prostate gland - this is a walnut-sized gland that sits in the middle of the pelvis. The urethra runs
through the middle of it. It produces the fluid secretions that support and nourish the sperm.
5. Vas deferens - this is a thick-walled tube joined to the epididymis. It carries sperm from the
epididymis up to the prostate gland and urethra.
6. Urethra - this tube extends from the bladder to the external opening at the end of the penis. The
urethra carries both urine and sperm.
Female
The female reproductive system is consisted of the external genitals (the vagina, vulva, labia,
clitoris, and the Bartholini’s glands) and internal parts (uterus, fallopian tubes and a pair of ovaries).
1. Vulva - located between the legs, covers the opening of the vagina and other reproductive
organs inside the body.
2. Vagina - is the canal which connects the cervix (lower part of uterus) to the external female body
parts. It is the route for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus during delivery.
3. Ovaries - these are small oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus.
Ovaries produce and store ovum in them. They also produce a female hormone called estrogen.
4. Fallopian tubes (oviducts) - these are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the
uterus and serve as pathways for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
5. Clitoris - a small sensory organ, it is located toward the front of the vulva where the folds of the
labia join.
6. Labia - two pairs of skin flaps, surrounded the vaginal opening. The labia major (large lips)
enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs. The labia minora (small lips) can have
a variety of sizes and shapes. They lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the openings to
the vagina and urethra.
7. Uterus (womb) - it is a hollow pear-shaped organ that serves as the home to a developing fetus.
The uterus has two parts: the cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the vagina, and the
main body of the uterus, called the corpus.
8. Urethra -it is the tube that caries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
9. Bartholini’s glands - these glands are located next to the vaginal opening on each side and
produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
Healthcare Check for Male
1. Blood pressure and blood test - men should check their heart, particularly blood pressure. They
should have their blood pressure checked every two years to find our if their blood pressure is
within the normal range.
2. Prostate cancer - the so-called prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is a blood test that measures
how much is a particular protein is in your blood. A male individual may need to undergo a PSA
test, especially when he reachers the age of 55 and above.
3. STDS - sexually active men should be examined for sexually-transmitted illnesses on a regular
basis.
4. Colon cancer - colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.
Colon cancer screening should begin at the age of 50 for both men and women.
5. Blood test - this is to know the cholesterol level and triglyceride level. High levels may suggest a
higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
6. Urine test - for abnormalities that can occur as a result of renal disease, infection, or diabetes.
Healthcare Check for Female
1. Pap Smear - are used to check women of21 years old and above for the human papillomavirus
(HPV) and cervical cancer symptoms.
2. Cholesterol test - women aged 20 and above should receive a baseline cholesterol and
triglyceride screening to find out if they are risk for coronary disease.
3. Pelvic exam - a physical examination of the external and internal female reproductive organs,
which is usually done at the same time. This can help determine whether there are any uterune or
ovarian abnormalities.
4. Colorectal cancer - the second most frequent malignancy in women in colorectal cancer.
Changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, or unexplained weight loss are some indicators of this
disorder.
5. Bone density screening - women should start getting evaluated for osteoporosis at the age of 65,
but those who have risk factors for the disease, such as fractures or a low body weight, should get
screened sooner.
6. Breast cancer - the most cancer among women and the main cause of death. Lumps,
asymmetry, and skin or nipple retraction, alterations, or bloody discharge are its common
symptoms.
7. Self-check - there are things that a female can check while at home. They should keep an eye
on freckles, moles, and skin imperfections for changes in size, shape or color, as well as anything
odd like pain or itching.
NAME OF STUDENT: Gender and Society
SECTION: MODULE #: 3
VI. BOOST UP YOUR LEARNING
Direction: Answer the following questions logically.
1. Should power or authority be based on one’s body? Defend your answer.
2. Why do you think men and women are physiologically different? Justify your answer.
3. Cite at least three instances where the physiological differences of women from men work to
their advantage.
NAME OF STUDENT: Gender and Society
SECTION: MODULE #: 3
VII. LEVEL UP YOUR LEARNING
Direction: Write True if the statement is correct, and False if the statement is incorrect. Write
your answer before each number.
_________ 1. Sex refers to the biological differences between male and female.
_________ 2. Men have more bodily hair than women.
_________ 3. Females have two Y chromosomes.
_________ 4. The scrotum is responsible for the production of sperm.
_________ 5. The female gamete is called ovum.
_________ 6. Lung cancer is more common to women.
_________ 7. Both male and female experience depression.
_________ 8. Pap is like suggested to single women.
_________ 9. A blood test can also revel a symptom of diabetes.
_________ 10. Irregularity in size, shape or color of moles can be a cause of concern.
Direction: Answer the following questions logically.
1. Should power or authority be based on one’s body? Defend your answer.
2. Why do you think men and women are physiologically different? Justify your answer.
3. Cite at least three instances where the physiological differences of women from men work to
their advantage.