1.
Identify what proportion of the Earth's surface is
covered with water as opposed to land.
2. Gather information from secondary sources to
name and describe the upper crustal layers of the
solid earth.
3. Identify how oceanic crust and continental crust
are associated with the Earth’s lithospheric plates.
1. Students will define the concept of Earth’s crust and explain how critical it is to
humankind.
2. Students will differentiate between oceanic crust and continental crust.
3. Student will demonstrate the ability to locate major lithospheric plates on a world
map and describe the tectonic activity associated with each plate boundary.
4. Student will analyze the evidence of plate movements through geological features
such as mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes, linking them to specific
plate interactions.
5. Student will engage in hands-on activities, such as modeling plate boundaries and
simulating plate movements, to deepen her understanding of the dynamic
processes at work beneath the Earth's surface.
WORD BANK The outermost layer of the solid surface of
the planet, known as the Earth’s_________,
shell
is what gives the planet its thin, inflexible
landforms
_______. Earth's surface is home to a vast
crust range of ____________ and _____________,
landscapes which are the result of the interaction of
minerals various ___________, rocks, and geological
Continental characteristics. ______________ crust and
_____________ crust are the two primary
oceanic
categories of crust.
CONTINENTAL CRUST OCEANIC CRUST
thin
thick
dense
less dense
granitic
basaltic
The The The The
The continental continental
continental continental
continental crust is
crust is
crust is crust forms composed of crust is less
dense than
thinner and the mountain
made the oceanic
denser than continents ranges, crust because
mostly of
the and large plains, and of its
granitic various
oceanic landmasses composition
rocks. geological and thickness.
crust. of Earth.
features.
Seafloor
The The spreading Mid-ocean
and The oceanic
oceanic oceanic ridges and crust is thicker
subduction
crust is crust is deep-sea and less
are processes trenches are
mostly found that dense than
common the
composed beneath continuously features of continental
of basaltic the ocean form and the oceanic
destroy crust.
rocks. basins. crust.
oceanic crust.
Activity No.: Activity #1: Exploring the Lithosphere:
The Solid Part of the Earth
Objective(s): At the end of the discussion, students will be able to
describe the composition, structure, and importance of
the lithosphere in supporting life and shaping Earth’s
surface.
Materials Needed: Powerpoint Presentation
Instructions: 1. Listen carefully to the discussion about the lithosphere
and its major components.
2. Take down important notes about the crust, mantle,
and the role of tectonic plates.
3. Participate actively by answering guide questions and
sharing examples of landforms found in the
lithosphere.
Lithospheric plates (or tectonic plates) are
large, solid regions of the lithosphere, the
outermost layer of the Earth.
These plates include the topmost part of the
mantle and the crust—both continental and
oceanic.
They move and interact with one another
on the Earth’s surface.
The plates float on the semi-fluid
asthenosphere, which allows their movement.
Their movement is driven by convection
currents in the mantle and heat from within
the Earth.
Major lithospheric plates include the North
American, Pacific, Eurasian, African, Antarctic,
South American, and Indo-Australian Plates, as well
as smaller ones like the Philippine Sea Plate.
The areas where plates meet and interact are
called plate boundaries.
The movement of plates causes geological
processes such as earthquakes, volcanic
activity, mountain formation, and the shaping
of Earth’s surface features.
Plate boundaries come in three main types.
Divergent Boundaries Convergent Boundaries Transform Boundaries
Activity No.: Activity #2: Word Builders: Understanding
the Language of Plate Tectonics
Objective(s): At the end of the activity, students will be able to define
and use key vocabulary terms related to plate tectonics
such as plate, tectonic, divergent, and convergent in
meaningful contexts.
Materials Needed: Powerpoint Presentation
Instructions: 1. Match each vocabulary word with its correct
definition.
2. Use the words in short sentences that show their
meaning in relation to Earth’s crust movements.
3. Share your answers with the class and discuss how
these terms are connected to the movement of
tectonic plates.
C P L A T F O R M F
M O T E C T O N I C
A A N R P L A T E D
V B V V H C P M R C
V F X T E C N O N B
G D I V E R G E N T
H C F N L F G B M S
T L A M N O P E Q R
R R Q W R E S D N F
T R A N S F O R M T
WORD BANK
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT TECTONIC
TRANSFORM
PLATFORM Refers to the movement
and structure of Earth’s
TECTONIC
crust.
PLATE
WORD BANK
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT PLATE
TRANSFORM
PLATFORM A large, solid piece of
Earth’s crust that moves
TECTONIC
slowly over the mantle.
PLATE
WORD BANK
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT TRANSFORM
TRANSFORM
PLATFORM A boundary where two
plates slide past each
TECTONIC
other.
PLATE
WORD BANK
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT CONVERGENT
TRANSFORM
PLATFORM A boundary where two
plates move toward each
TECTONIC
other.
PLATE
WORD BANK
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT DIVERGENT
TRANSFORM
PLATFORM A boundary where two
plates move away from
TECTONIC
each other.
PLATE
WORD BANK
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT PLATFORM
TRANSFORM
PLATFORM A flat, stable area of the
Earth’s crust with little
TECTONIC
tectonic activity.
PLATE
Activity No.: Activity #3: Distribution of Water
and Land on Earth
Objective(s): At the end of the discussion, students will be able to
describe how water and land are distributed on the
Earth’s surface and explain their importance in supporting
life.
Materials Needed: Powerpoint Presentation
Instructions: 1. Listen carefully to the discussion about the proportion of land and
water on Earth.
2. Observe the diagrams or maps showing how oceans and
continents are spread across the planet.
3. Participate by answering guide questions and sharing your ideas
on why Earth is called the “Blue Planet.”
The interaction between land and water plays a crucial role in
maintaining ecosystem health, as it shapes natural habitats, supports
biodiversity, and provides living spaces for various species. Water is also
essential to the water cycle, driving key processes such as precipitation,
evaporation, and runoff that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the
interaction of land and water helps in climate regulation, influencing
regional climates, weather patterns, and temperature balance. These
resources are vital for food security, supporting agriculture, fisheries, and
food production that sustain human populations. Throughout history,
human settlements have developed near water bodies and fertile lands,
highlighting the importance of these natural resources in the growth of
civilizations and urban areas.
1. What does the interaction between
land and water help maintain?
A. Air pressure
B. Ecosystem health
C. Human transportation
D. Ocean currents
B
2. Which process is not part of the water
cycle?
A. Evaporation
B. Precipitation
C. Runoff
D. Photosynthesis
D
3. Why have human settlements
historically developed near water bodies
and fertile lands?
A. For better scenery
B. Because of trade only
C. To support agriculture and food
production
D. To avoid climate changes C
Because most of
1. Why do you Earth’s surface is
think there is covered by oceans.
more water on
Earth than on
land?
2. Do you think Yes, life needs land,
that specific water, and air to
surface survive.
characteristics
are necessary
for life to
exist on Earth?
3. What is the About 29% land and
approximate 71% water.
percentage of
land to water
on the surface
of the Earth?
4. What Photos from space
evidence do
show Earth as a blue
you have from
space planet due to its vast
to support your oceans.
theory that Earth
is mostly made
of water rather
than land?
Make a poster that illustrates how land and water are
distributed over the surface of the Earth, emphasizing
the functions of the various crust types.
Criteria Description Points
The poster clearly shows how land
and water are distributed and
Content Accuracy 10 points
correctly explains the functions of
continental and oceanic crust.
The poster is visually appealing,
Creativity and
neat, colorful, and creatively 8 points
Presentation
designed to catch attention.
Information and illustrations are
Clarity and
well-organized, easy to 7 points
Organization
understand, and clearly labeled.
Total 25 points